Name: liquid speed from reservoir outlets
Uploaded: 2026-01-30T03:08:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 14 s
Channel: JoVE

Los chorros libres demuestran el comportamiento del fluido descrito por la ecuación de Bernoulli, ya que el fluido sale de una boquilla y fluye libremente en el aire.
La velocidad del flujo en la boquilla está determinada por la altura de la columna de fluido sobre ella, que convierte la energía potencial en energía cinética.
La presión de salida del chorro coincide con la presión atmosférica y la velocidad aumenta a medida que el fluido fluye desde un gran depósito.
Debido a la inercia del fluido, el chorro se estrecha justo fuera de la boquilla, formando el área de sección transversal más pequeña. Este fenómeno se conoce como vena contrae.
La relación entre el área del chorro en la vena contracta y el área de la boquilla da el coeficiente de contracción.
Varias formas de boquillas, como diseños de filo de cuchilla, bien redondeadas, de borde afilado y reentrantes, afectan el patrón de flujo y el coeficiente de contracción.
Al diseñar sistemas como aliviaderos y vertederos, se considera el efecto de la vena contracta para una medición precisa del flujo.
Los chorros libres son cruciales en aplicaciones de ingeniería civil para controlar el flujo de fluidos y minimizar el impacto estructural.

chorro libre

Los chorros libres describen el flujo de líquido que sale de un depósito a través de una abertura hacia la atmósfera sin resistencia. La velocidad (V) del chorro de líquido se deriva utilizando el principio de Bernoulli y se expresa como: <img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/18037/18037_Equation_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 15px;"> Donde h es la altura del líquido por encima de la abertura. Esta relación supone la presión atmosférica tanto en la superficie del depósito como en la salida del chorro. La altura de la columna de fluido regula la velocidad del fluido en la boquilla de un depósito, donde la energía potencial del fluido se convierte en energía cinética durante el flujo. El fenómeno de la vena contracta ocurre cuando el líquido sale a través de un orificio de borde afilado, lo que hace que el diámetro del chorro dj sea menor que el diámetro de la boquilla do. Esto ocurre porque las líneas de corriente del fluido no pueden seguir los bordes abruptos, lo que crea una región de flujo contraída. El coeficiente de contracción es la relación entre el área de la sección transversal del chorro en la vena contracta y el área de la sección transversal de la boquilla, cuantificando el grado de contracción del chorro. Este parámetro está influenciado por la geometría de la boquilla, con varios diseños, como boquillas con borde afilado, de borde afilado, redondeadas y reentrantes, que producen patrones de flujo y características de contracción distintos. Para una boquilla redondeada, Cc = 1,0, mientras que los orificios afilados o con borde afilado reducen Cc a aproximadamente 0,61. Las boquillas reentrantes exhiben valores aún más bajos. Estas características de flujo y efectos de contracción son críticos en aplicaciones de ingeniería que involucran descarga de líquidos, desde depósitos hasta boquillas industriales.

Chorro libre

Los chorros libres demuestran el comportamiento del fluido descrito por la ecuación de Bernoulli, ya que el fluido sale de una boquilla y fluye libremente en el aire.
La velocidad del flujo ...

Education

Educación

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

Ingeniería Civil

Unit 1

Unidad 1

Fluid Dynamics

Dinámica de fluidos

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TÉRMINOS Y CONCEPTOS CLAVE

Free Jet

liquid speed from reservoir outlets

Free jets show how liquid moves after leaving a reservoir through an opening and flowing into the air without resistance. The jet speed is found with Bernoulli’s principle, and it depends on the height of liquid above the opening. This relationship assumes atmospheric pressure at both the reservoir surface and the jet exit.

The liquid column’s height controls the speed at the nozzle because the fluid’s potential energy changes into kinetic energy during flow. As the liquid leaves the reservoir, its motion reflects this energy conversion. This is why a deeper liquid level can produce a faster jet.

A sharp-edged orifice can also cause vena contracta, which is the narrowed region where the jet becomes smaller than the nozzle opening. This happens because the streamlines cannot follow the abrupt edge smoothly. The contraction coefficient measures this narrowing by comparing the jet area at vena contracta with the nozzle area.

Nozzle shape changes the flow pattern and the amount of contraction. Knife-edge, sharp-edge, well-rounded, and re-entrant nozzles each produce different results. For a well-rounded nozzle, the contraction coefficient is 1.0, while sharp or knife-edged openings reduce it to about 0.61, and re-entrant nozzles produce even lower values. These effects matter in engineering systems that discharge liquid from reservoirs and industrial nozzles.

Liquid Speed from Reservoir Outlets

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free jet

Free jets show how liquid moves after leaving a reservoir through an opening and flowing into the air without resistance. The jet speed is found with Bernoulli’s principle, and it depends on the height of liquid above the opening. This relationship assumes atmospheric pressure at both the reservoir surface and the jet exit. The liquid column’s height controls the speed at the nozzle because the fluid’s potential energy changes into kinetic energy during flow. As the liquid leaves the...

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key terms and concepts

Learn how liquid speed from a reservoir depends on height, Bernoulli’s principle, and nozzle shape, including vena contracta and contraction coefficient.

Liquid Speed from Reservoir Outlets | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

civil engineering

Liquid Speed from Reservoir Outlets

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