Name: fire extinguisher nozzle flow and pressure
Uploaded: 2025-02-13T15:43:18.000Z
Duration: 1 min 12 s
Channel: JoVE

Un extintor de incendios utiliza agua a presión para generar un potente chorro a través de una boquilla.
El agua en el interior se almacena a una presión mucho más alta que la atmósfera circundante, lo que obliga al agua a fluir cuando se activa el extintor.
Las ecuaciones de dinámica de fluidos se aplican para determinar qué tan rápido sale el agua de la boquilla y cuánto se expulsa con el tiempo.
El primer paso consiste en comprender la diferencia de presión entre el interior del extintor y la presión fuera de la boquilla.
Esta diferencia de presión impulsa el movimiento del agua. Aplicando la ecuación de Bernoulli, que relaciona la presión y la velocidad, se calcula la velocidad del agua a medida que sale de la boquilla.
El diámetro más pequeño de la boquilla hace que el agua se acelere a medida que sale, transformando la presión en velocidad.
Después de calcular la velocidad de salida, se determina el caudal. El caudal se calcula utilizando la ecuación de continuidad, que garantiza que la cantidad de agua que fluye a través de la boquilla sea constante.
El caudal se calcula multiplicando la velocidad del agua por el área de la sección transversal de la boquilla.

ejemplo de diseño: flujo a través de un extintor de incendios

Design Example: Flow Through a Fire Extinguisher

Un extintor de incendios que utiliza agua presurizada se basa en principios de dinámica de fluidos para generar un flujo de alta velocidad capaz de suprimir las llamas. El agua se almacena a una presión mucho mayor dentro del extintor que la atmósfera circundante. Esta diferencia de presión obliga al agua a fluir rápidamente cuando se activa el extintor, y el comportamiento del agua cuando sale de la boquilla se puede entender utilizando ecuaciones fundamentales de dinámica de fluidos. La clave para entender cómo se acelera el agua radica en la diferencia de presión entre el interior del extintor y el entorno exterior. La ecuación de Bernoulli, que relaciona la presión y la velocidad, calcula la velocidad a la que saldrá el agua de la boquilla. <img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/18047/18047_Equation_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 45px;"> Según este principio, a medida que disminuye la presión, aumenta la velocidad. Esto significa que la alta presión interna dentro del extintor se convierte en la velocidad del agua cuando fluye hacia afuera. A medida que el agua se acerca a la boquilla, la disminución del diámetro de la boquilla acelera aún más el flujo, transformando la energía de presión en energía cinética. Después de determinar la velocidad de salida del agua, se calcula el caudal, o el volumen de agua expulsado a lo largo del tiempo. El cálculo utiliza la ecuación de continuidad, lo que garantiza que el agua que fluye a través del sistema se mantenga constante. El caudal es el producto de la velocidad del agua y el área de la sección transversal de la boquilla. <img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/18047/18047_Equation_2.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 40px;"> Dado que la boquilla tiene un diámetro pequeño, el agua se expulsa a alta velocidad, lo que proporciona un chorro constante y potente necesario para la extinción de incendios. Al aplicar estos principios, se puede optimizar el rendimiento del extintor para garantizar un funcionamiento eficaz.

Ejemplo de diseño: flujo a través de un extintor de incendios

Un extintor de incendios utiliza agua a presión para generar un potente chorro a través de una boquilla.
El agua en el interior se almacena a una presión mucho más alta que el agua ...

design-example-flow-through-a-fire-extinguisher

Education

Educación

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

Ingeniería Civil

Unit 1

Unidad 1

Fluid Kinematics

Cinemática de Fluidos

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TÉRMINOS Y CONCEPTOS CLAVE

fire extinguisher nozzle flow and pressure

A pressurized water fire extinguisher uses fluid dynamics to create a fast stream of water. The water is stored at a much higher pressure inside the extinguisher than the surrounding air. When the extinguisher is activated, that pressure difference forces water to flow out quickly.

Bernoulli's equation helps predict the exit speed of the water. This equation links pressure and velocity. As pressure drops, velocity increases. In the extinguisher, the high internal pressure is converted into the water's speed as it leaves the nozzle.

The nozzle also plays an important role because its diameter becomes smaller near the exit. A smaller opening increases the flow speed even more. This turns pressure energy into kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion.

After the exit velocity is found, the flow rate can be calculated. Flow rate is the volume of water expelled each second. The continuity equation is used to keep track of how much water moves through the system, and the flow rate equals the water speed times the nozzle's cross-sectional area. Because the nozzle is small, the water comes out at high velocity and forms a strong, steady stream for fire suppression.

Fire Extinguisher Nozzle Flow and Pressure

fire-extinguisher-nozzle-flow-and-pressure

eulerian and lagrangian flow descriptions

eulerian-and-lagrangian-flow-descriptions

Tracking Fluid Motion in Space and Time

Fluid flow can be described with the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods. These two approaches give different views of the same moving fluid. They are useful in science and engineering because the best method depends on the problem being studied. The Eulerian method looks at fixed points in space. At each location, it measures fluid properties such as velocity, pressure, and temperature as the fluid moves past. This stationary view is useful when studying how a fluid interacts with a solid object.

introduction to types of flows

Flow Patterns by Direction and Time

Fluid flow can be grouped by direction and by how it changes over time. The simplest case is one-dimensional flow. In this type, properties such as velocity and pressure change along only one axis. Water moving through a straight pipe is a common example, because changes in other directions are very small. Two-dimensional flow changes in two directions. It varies in both length and height, so the analysis is more complex than one-dimensional flow. Air moving over a flat surface, such as a...

streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines

Tracing Fluid Motion: Three Flow Paths

Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines are three ways to describe fluid motion. Each one shows flow from a different angle. Together, they help students compare how a fluid moves in steady and unsteady flow. A streamline is a line that stays tangent to the fluid’s velocity vector at each point. That means the fluid velocity points along the streamline. Streamlines give an instant picture of the flow field, so they are useful for showing the overall direction of flow in a fluid system. In...

control volume and system representations

control-volume-and-system-representations

Tracking Fluid Through Space or Mass

Fluid analysis often uses two linked ideas: the control volume approach and the system approach. Both help describe mass, energy, and momentum transfer, but they focus on different things. One follows a region in space. The other follows a fixed mass of fluid over time. The control volume approach looks at a stationary area in space through which fluid moves. That area is bounded by a control surface, which is the outer edge of the region. A pipe with water flowing through it is a clear...

velocity and acceleration in steady and unsteady flow

velocity-and-acceleration-in-steady-and-unsteady-flow

How Flow Changes Affect Particle Motion

Velocity and acceleration help describe how a fluid particle moves in steady and unsteady flow. A fluid particle follows a pathline, and its velocity depends on both position and time. Acceleration is found by differentiating velocity with respect to time, so it shows how the particle’s motion changes. In a flow field, acceleration can be written using three perpendicular components. These components show how velocity changes over time in different spatial directions. This gives a general way...

reynolds transport theorem

Reynolds Transport and Control Volumes

Reynolds transport theorem links a fluid system to a control volume. It helps explain how the time rate of change of a property can be tracked in fluid dynamics. The theorem uses extensive properties, such as mass, velocity, acceleration, temperature, and momentum. These properties depend on the size of the system. Their intensive forms are the values per unit mass. The total amount of an extensive property in a system at any instant is the sum of the amounts carried by each tiny fluid...

design example: flow through a fire extinguisher

A pressurized water fire extinguisher uses fluid dynamics to create a fast stream of water. The water is stored at a much higher pressure inside the extinguisher than the surrounding air. When the extinguisher is activated, that pressure difference forces water to flow out quickly. Bernoulli's equation helps predict the exit speed of the water. This equation links pressure and velocity. As pressure drops, velocity increases. In the extinguisher, the high internal pressure is converted into the...

key terms and concepts

Explore how pressure, Bernoulli's equation, and nozzle size control the water speed and flow rate in a pressurized fire extinguisher.

Fire Extinguisher Nozzle Flow and Pressure | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

Fire Extinguisher Nozzle Flow and Pressure

Description

Transcript

Tags