Name: solving separable differential equations
Uploaded: 2026-01-12T12:24:52.000Z
Duration: 1 min 20 s
Channel: JoVE

Una ecuación separable es una ecuación diferencial de primer orden que puede dividirse en dos partes independientes: una que contiene solo x y la otra solo y.Los términos y se colocan en un lado y los términos x en el otro, permitiendo una integración separada.Por ejemplo, imagina una taza de té caliente que se enfría en una habitación.La velocidad a la que el té se enfría es proporcional a la diferencia entre su temperatura y la temperatura ambiente. Se añade un signo negativo a la constante de proporcionalidad k para indicar que la temperatura disminuye con el tiempo.La ecuación es separable porque puede reescribirse con términos de temperatura en un lado y tiempo en el otro. Integrar ambos lados da lugar a una ecuación logarítmica con una constante de integración.Cuando ambos lados están exponenciados, surge la solución general, con una constante que puede ser positiva, negativa o cero. La constante se encuentra sustituyendo t igual a cero y la temperatura inicial.La diferencia de temperatura disminuye exponencialmente, haciendo que el té se enfríe rápidamente al principio y luego más despacio con el tiempo.

ecuaciones diferenciales separables

Una ecuaci&#xF3;n diferencial separable es un tipo de ecuaci&#xF3;n diferencial de primer orden en la que la derivada dy/dx puede expresarse como el producto de dos funciones: una que depende &#xFA;nicamente de x y otra que depende &#xFA;nicamente de y. Esto permite reorganizar la ecuaci&#xF3;n de modo que todos los t&#xE9;rminos que involucran y est&#xE9;n en un lado y todos los t&#xE9;rminos que involucran x en el otro. Este proceso, conocido como separaci&#xF3;n de variables, facilita la resoluci&#xF3;n de la ecuaci&#xF3;n al permitir la integraci&#xF3;n de ambos lados de forma independiente.
Integraci&#xF3;n despu&#xE9;s de la separaci&#xF3;n
Una vez separadas las variables, cada lado de la ecuaci&#xF3;n puede integrarse respecto de su propia variable. Esta integraci&#xF3;n proporciona una relaci&#xF3;n entre x e y, que puede ser impl&#xED;cita o expl&#xED;cita seg&#xFA;n las funciones involucradas. Por ejemplo, si una ecuaci&#xF3;n diferencial se simplifica a expresiones que involucran potencias de x e y, la integraci&#xF3;n de cada lado dar&#xED;a como resultado t&#xE9;rminos polin&#xF3;micos y una constante de integraci&#xF3;n.
Determinaci&#xF3;n de la soluci&#xF3;n particular
Para obtener una soluci&#xF3;n espec&#xED;fica, se sustituye una condici&#xF3;n inicial, como un valor conocido de y para un valor particular de x, en la soluci&#xF3;n general. Esto permite determinar la constante de integraci&#xF3;n, obteniendo una soluci&#xF3;n &#xFA;nica que satisface tanto la ecuaci&#xF3;n diferencial como la condici&#xF3;n inicial. Este enfoque es especialmente &#xFA;til para modelar procesos reales donde se conocen los valores iniciales, como en el crecimiento poblacional, las reacciones qu&#xED;micas o las leyes de enfriamiento.

Ecuaciones diferenciales separables

Una ecuaci&#xF3;n diferencial separable es un tipo de ecuaci&#xF3;n diferencial de primer orden en la que la derivada dy/dx puede expresarse como el ...

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Ecuaciones diferenciales

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Separable Differential Equations

solving separable differential equations

A separable differential equation is a first-order differential equation that can be written with dy/dx as a product of one function of x and one function of y. This form makes it possible to separate the variables so that all y terms stay on one side and all x terms stay on the other.

After the variables are separated, each side can be integrated with respect to its own variable. The result is a relationship between x and y. Depending on the functions involved, that relationship may be implicit or explicit.

If the equation includes powers of x and y, integrating each side can produce polynomial terms and a constant of integration. To find a particular solution, an initial condition is used, such as a known value of y at a specific x. Substituting that value lets you solve for the constant and get a unique solution.

This method is useful in models where an initial value is known. It appears in real-world situations such as population growth, chemical reactions, and cooling laws.

Solving Separable Differential Equations

introduction to differential equations

Modeling Motion with Second-Order Equations

Differential equations connect a function with its derivatives. They are used to describe changing systems in science and engineering. A differential equation is classified by order, which is the highest derivative it contains. A first-order equation includes only the first derivative, while a second-order equation includes the second derivative of the unknown function. A common second-order differential equation comes from a spring-mass system. In this idealized model, a mass is attached to a...

modeling with differential equations

Population Growth: Exponential vs. Logistic

Population growth can be modeled with differential equations by treating population size, P(t), as a function of time. The derivative of P(t) shows how fast the population changes. A simple starting idea is that the growth rate is proportional to the population size. That assumption gives an exponential growth model. In this model, the population rises continuously and faster over time. It can be a useful first approximation, but it does not match long-term behavior in nature. Real...

separable differential equations

A separable differential equation is a first-order differential equation that can be written with dy/dx as a product of one function of x and one function of y. This form makes it possible to separate the variables so that all y terms stay on one side and all x terms stay on the other. After the variables are separated, each side can be integrated with respect to its own variable. The result is a relationship between x and y. Depending on the functions involved, that relationship may be...

orthogonal trajectories

Perpendicular Curves in Calculus

Orthogonal trajectories are a pair of curve families that cross at right angles. In this example, the starting family is made of parabolas that open sideways along the x-axis. They share the same shape, but a scaling parameter changes how wide each curve is. Every curve in the family passes through the origin and spreads out at a different rate. To find the orthogonal trajectories, the slope of each parabola must be calculated first. The slope of a tangent shows how steep the curve is at a...

linear differential equations

Integrating Factors for Motion with Drag

The integrating factor method solves first-order linear differential equations that are not separable. It is especially useful when a system has a constant driving force and a resistive force that depends on the changing variable. In these problems, the equation can be rearranged so the left-hand side becomes a product rule after multiplication by an integrating factor. A clear example is a car moving under a constant engine force while air resistance acts against its motion. Newton’s second...

differential equations: problem solving

Differential Equations and Falling Motion

Differential equations can model the motion of a falling object when gravity and air resistance act at the same time. In this example, a heavy test weight is released from rest during a ship safety check. Gravity pulls the weight downward, and air resistance pushes upward as the speed increases. Newton’s Second Law links the net force on the weight to its acceleration. Gravity provides a constant downward force equal to mass times gravitational acceleration. Air resistance is modeled as a...

key terms and concepts

Learn how to separate variables, integrate both sides, and use an initial condition to find a particular solution for separable differential equations.

Solving Separable Differential Equations | JoVE K12

The JoVE Core Calculus collection provides a comprehensive visual guide to the entire calculus sequence, seamlessly connecting mathematical theory to real-world applications in physics and economics. Through dynamic animated lessons, the course transitions smoothly from foundational single-variable concepts to advanced multivariable topics. Students will explore everything from standard differentiation and integration to spatial vectors, multi-dimensional derivatives, and complex vector fields. By breaking down abstract coordinate systems, infinite series, and spatial motion, this structured approach builds the robust analytical skills and advanced mastery essential for STEM success.

calculus

Solving Separable Differential Equations

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