Name: interphase in the cell growth cycle
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:14.000Z
Duration: 54 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

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North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms- Structures and Processes

LS.Bio.2.1

Interphase

- Dans une cellule eucaryote,la plus grande partie du cycle cellulaire est l'interphase,divisée en trois phases : G1, S, et G2. 
Lors de G1, la première étape intermédiaire,une cellule fille nouvellement générée croît en tailleet se prépare à la duplication de l'ADN, étape suivante. 
Lors de S, la phase de synthèse,la cellule duplique son ADN nucléaire,qui reste empaqueté sous forme de chromatine. 
La cellule duplique aussi les centrosomes,les structures qui organisent les microtubules,qui formeront le fuseau mitotique. 
Finalement, lors de G2, seconde étape intermédiaire,la cellule continue de croître,multiplie les organites et protéines requis pour la mitose,et refait ses stocks d'énergie. 
La cellule est à présent prêteà entrer en première phase de mitose.

Schafer, K. A. « Le cycle cellulaire : une revue. » Pathologie vétérinaire 35, n° 6 (1er novembre 1998) : 461-78. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589803500601 » target="__blank">Source</a>]

interphase

Le cycle cellulaire se produit pendant environ 24 heures (dans une cellule humaine typique) et en deux étapes distinctes : l’interphase, qui comprend trois phases du cycle cellulaire (G1, S et G2), et la mitose (M). Pendant l’interphase, qui occupe environ 95 pour cent de la durée du cycle cellulaire eucaryote, les cellules se développent et répliquent leur ADN en préparation à la mitose.
 
 <h4>Les phases de l’interphase</h4>
 
 Après chaque période de mitose et de cytodiérèse, les cellules eucaryotes entrent dans l’interphase, au cours de laquelle elles se développent et répliquent leur ADN en préparation à la prochaine division mitotique.
 
 Au cours de la phase G1 (gap 1), les cellules se développent continuellement et se préparent à la réplication de l’ADN. Au cours de cette phase, les cellules sont métaboliquement actives et copient les organites essentiels et les molécules biochimiques, telles que les protéines.
 
 Dans la phase S (synthèse) suivante de l’interphase, les cellules dupliquent leur ADN nucléaire, qui reste empaqueté en chromatine semi-condensée. Au cours de la phase S, les cellules dupliquent également le centrosome, une structure d’organisation de microtubules qui forme l’appareil du fuseau mitotique. Le fuseau mitotique sépare les chromosomes pendant la mitose.
 
 Dans la phase G2 (gap 2), qui suit la synthèse de l’ADN, les cellules continuent de croître et de synthétiser les protéines et les organites pour se préparer à la mitose.
 
 Chez les cellules humaines, la phase G1 s’étend sur environ 11 heures, la phase S dure environ 8 heures et la phase G2 dure environ 4 heures. Pendant le G1, les cellules sont diploïdes (2n, une paire de chaque chromosome). Après la réplication dans la phase S, les cellules augmentent leur teneur en ADN à 4n. Les cellules restent à 4n jusqu’à la cytodiérèse, à ce point leur teneur en ADN est réduite à 2n.

Le cycle cellulaire se déroule sur environ 24 heures (dans une cellule humaine typique) et en deux étapes distinctes : l’interphase, qui comprend trois phases de la ...

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interphase in the cell growth cycle

Interphase is the stage of the cell cycle when a eukaryotic cell grows and copies its DNA before mitosis. In a typical human cell, the full cell cycle takes about 24 hours, and interphase makes up about 95 percent of that time. It is followed by mitosis, also called M, when the cell divides.

After mitosis and cytokinesis, cells enter the G1 phase, or gap 1. During G1, cells grow continuously and prepare for DNA replication. They are metabolically active and copy essential organelles and biochemical molecules, including proteins.

The next stage is S phase, or synthesis phase. In this phase, the cell duplicates its nuclear DNA, which stays packed in semi-condensed chromatin. The centrosome is also duplicated. This microtubule-organizing structure helps form the mitotic spindle, which separates chromosomes during mitosis.

After DNA synthesis, the cell enters G2, or gap 2. During G2, cells keep growing and make more proteins and organelles to prepare for mitosis. In human cells, G1 lasts about 11 hours, S phase about 8 hours, and G2 about 4 hours.

The DNA content of the cell also changes during interphase. In G1, cells are diploid, or 2n, with one pair of each chromosome. After DNA replication in S phase, the DNA content rises to 4n. Cells stay at 4n until cytokinesis, when the DNA content returns to 2n.

Interphase in the Cell Growth Cycle

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Interphase is the stage of the cell cycle when a eukaryotic cell grows and copies its DNA before mitosis. In a typical human cell, the full cell cycle takes about 24 hours, and interphase makes up about 95 percent of that time. It is followed by mitosis, also called M, when the cell divides. After mitosis and cytokinesis, cells enter the G1 phase, or gap 1. During G1, cells grow continuously and prepare for DNA replication. They are metabolically active and copy essential organelles and...

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key terms and concepts

Follow the three stages of interphase—G1, S, and G2—and see how cells grow, copy DNA, and prepare for mitosis in the human cell cycle.

Interphase in the Cell Growth Cycle | JoVE K12

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Interphase in the Cell Growth Cycle

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