Name: inside a long bone
Uploaded: 2025-10-23T11:47:05.000Z
Duration: 1 min 55 s
Channel: JoVE

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from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

HS-LS1-2

Bone Structure

- Au sein du système squelettique,la structure d'un os, ou le tissu osseux,peut être illustrée par un os long comme celui du fémur,où l'on trouve deux types de tissus osseux :cortical et spongieux. 
Une membre appelée périosterecouvre l'os cortical ou compact. 
Elle contient du tissu conjonctif,des capillaires et des nerfs. 
La couche dure externe avoisinanteque l'on trouve le long de la diaphyse, la longueur de l'os,forme une coquille dense et protectriceautour du canal médullaire,la cavité qui abrite la moelle osseuse jaunecomposée principalement de cellules de graisse. 
Celle-ci est aussi recouverte d'une mince couche,l'endosteum, dans laquelle ont lieu la réparationet la croissance restructurante de l'os. 
Au sein de la couche corticale se trouvent les ostéons,unités structurelles disposées en cercles concentriquesappelés lamelles, qui contiennent des ostéoblastes,cellules capitales pour la formationet la croissance de l'os. 
Ces cellules finissent par devenir des ostéocytesdans l'espace creux, la lacuna. 
Au centre de chaque ostéon passe le canal de Havers,qui contient plus de sang et de vaisseaux lymphatiques,ainsi que des fibres nerveuses. 
Vers les bouts arrondis d'un os long, ses épiphyses,se trouve l'autre type de tissu osseux, le tissu spongieux. 
Cette couche interne se compose d'un réseau de trabécules,comme une ruche. 
Ce sont des arrangements groupésqui se forment le long de lignes de tensionpour maximiser la force avec le moins de masse possible. 
Entre chaque pore trabéculaire se trouve la moelle rouge,qui contient les cellules souches hématopoïétiquesqui forment les globules rouges et blancs et les plaquettesqui finissent par entrer dans l'appareil circulatoireet le système lymphatique.

Florencio-Silva, Rinaldo, Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso, Estela Sasso-Cerri, Manuel Jesus Simões et Paulo Sérgio Cerri. « Biologie du tissu osseux : structure, fonction et facteurs qui influencent les cellules osseuses. » BioMed Research International 2015 (2015). [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/421746 » target="__blank">Source</a>]

Owen, Robert et Gwendolen C. Reilly. « Modèles in vitro de remodelage osseux et de troubles associés. » Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 6 (2018). [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2018.00134 » target="__blank">Source</a>]

structure osseuse

Dans le système squelettique, la structure d’un os, ou tissu osseux, peut être illustrée dans un os long, comme le fémur, où il existe deux types de tissu osseux : cortical et spongieux.
 
 <h4>Os cortical</h4>
 
 Couvrant l’os cortical, ou compact, se trouve une membrane appelée le périoste, qui contient du tissu conjonctif, des capillaires et des nerfs. La couche externe et solide que l’on trouve le long de la diaphyse — la partie médiane de l’os — forme une coque protectrice dense autour du canal médullaire, la cavité qui stocke la moelle osseuse jaune, composée principalement de cellules adipeuses. Cet espace est également recouvert d’une fine doublure, l’endoste, dans lequel la croissance osseuse, le remodelage et la réparation se produisent.Dans la couche dense d’un os cortical il y a des ostéons — des unités structurelles, disposées en anneaux concentriques appelés lamelles, qui contiennent des ostéoblastes — les cellules essentielles pour la formation et la croissance osseuse. Ces cellules finissent par mûrir en ostéocytes dans l’espace creux, la lacune. Par le centre de chaque ostéon coule le canal haversien, qui contient plus de sang et de vaisseaux lymphatiques, ainsi que des fibres nerveuses.
 
 <h4>L’os spongieux</h4>
 
 Vers les extrémités arrondies de l’os long, les épiphyses sont le deuxième type de tissu osseux, connu sous le nom d’os spongieux. Cette couche intérieure est composée d’un réseau de trabécules comme les alvéoles d’abeilles — des arrangements groupés qui se forment le long des lignes de points de pression afin de maximiser la force avec une masse minimale. Entre chaque pore trabéculaire se trouve la moelle osseuse rouge, qui contient des cellules souches hématopoïétiques prenant la forme de globules rouges et blancs et de plaquettes qui finissent par entrer dans les systèmes circulatoire et lymphatique.

Structure osseuse

Au sein du système squelettique, la structure d’un os, ou tissu osseux, peut être illustrée dans un os long, comme le fémur, où il existe deux types de ...

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inside a long bone

Inside a long bone, osseous tissue is organized into two main types: cortical bone and cancellous bone. A femur is a clear example of this structure. The bone also includes outer coverings and inner spaces that support growth, repair, and blood cell production.

Cortical bone, also called compact bone, forms the dense outer layer along the diaphysis, or shaft. It is covered by the periosteum, a membrane with connective tissue, capillaries, and nerves. Beneath the cortical layer is the medullary canal, a cavity that stores yellow bone marrow, which is made mainly of fat cells. This space is lined by the endosteum, where bone growth, remodeling, and repair take place.

Within cortical bone are osteons, the structural units of compact bone. Each osteon is arranged in concentric rings called lamellae and contains osteoblasts, which are important for bone formation and growth. As these cells mature, they become osteocytes in small spaces called lacunae. A Haversian canal runs through the center of each osteon and carries blood and lymphatic vessels, along with nerve fibers.

Toward the rounded ends of the long bone, or epiphyses, is cancellous bone, also called spongy bone. This inner layer has a honeycomb-like network of trabeculae that line up along stress points to give strength with less mass. The spaces between the trabeculae contain red bone marrow, which has hematopoietic stem cells that develop into red and white blood cells and platelets before entering the circulatory and lymphatic systems.

Inside a Long Bone

what is the skeletal system?

Human Skeleton: Bones, Cells, and Disease

The human skeleton is a living framework made of 206 bones in adults. Bones connect with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. This system gives the body support, protects organs, and helps with movement and locomotion. The skeleton has two main parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton has 80 bones and includes the skull, the vertebral column, and the rib cage. The cranium, or upper skull, has eight bones that enclose the brain, while the lower part of the skull...

bone structure

Inside a long bone, osseous tissue is organized into two main types: cortical bone and cancellous bone. A femur is a clear example of this structure. The bone also includes outer coverings and inner spaces that support growth, repair, and blood cell production. Cortical bone, also called compact bone, forms the dense outer layer along the diaphysis, or shaft. It is covered by the periosteum, a membrane with connective tissue, capillaries, and nerves. Beneath the cortical layer is the medullary...

joints

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bone remodeling

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Bone turnover is a continuous process in which old bone is broken down and new bone is built. Osteoclasts carry out bone resorption, and osteoblasts carry out bone formation. In adults, this balanced cycle helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. Mechanical stress can also stimulate turnover as part of normal maintenance and repair. Parathyroid hormone, or PTH, helps control blood calcium levels by increasing bone resorption when calcium is low. It is released from the parathyroid...

skeletal muscle anatomy

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classification of skeletal muscle fibers

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muscle contraction

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cross-bridge cycle

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motor units

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the spinal cord

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key terms and concepts

Explore the parts of a long bone, including cortical bone, cancellous bone, osteons, marrow, and the cells that support growth and blood cell formation.

Inside a Long Bone | JoVE K12

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HS-LS1-3

Inside a Long Bone

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