Name: how sunlight shapes daily weather
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:42.000Z
Duration: 1 min 7 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

NC K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

ecosystems-interactions-energy-and-dynamics

Ecosystems- Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

LS.Bio.5.2

What is Weather?

[Le Narrateur] La météo parle des conditions qui arriventdans l'atmosphère pendant une courte période de tempset qui est influencé par des interactions entrele soleil, l'atmosphère, l'océan et la terre. 
L'énergie solaire entre dans l'atmosphèreet la terre et l'eau surface l'absorbe, ce quiémettre le rayonnement infrarouge, en réchauffant l'air. 
Il monte l'air moins dense proche au surface de la terre,en créant des courants verticaux dans la haute atmosphèrequi a la pression plus basse. 
Comme résultat, l'air devient plus frais et plus dense,ce qui le fait tomber de nouveau,un processus qui s'appelle la circulation convective. 
La combinaison de ce processus atmosphérique local avecl'inclinaison dynamique de la terre vers le soleilcrée des changements dans la pression, la températureet les pluies, chaque jour, semaine et mois. 
Alors, ces facteurs se varient, et selon votre situationdans la surface de la Terre, la météo est différent.

Ettema, Dick, Margareta Friman, Lars E. Olsson et Tommy Gärling. « Effets de la saison et du temps sur l’humeur liée aux voyages et la satisfaction des voyages. » Frontiers in Psychology 8 (6 février 2017). [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00140 » target="__blank">Source</a>]

qu'est-ce que la météo ?

<h4>Aperçu</h4>
 
 Les conditions météorologiques font référence à l’état actuel des conditions atmosphériques à un moment et à un endroit précis. Les conditions météo sont temporaires et influencées par les interactions entre le soleil, l’atmosphère (les gaz autour de la Terre), l’hydrosphère (les plans d’eau de la Terre) et la géosphère (la partie terrestre de la Terre). Comme tous ces facteurs diffèrent selon l’emplacement et le moment, des conditions météo différentes peuvent être observées sur toute la planète.
 
 <h4>Rayonnement solaire et effet de serre</h4>
 
 Le rayonnement solaire pénètre dans l’atmosphère pour interagir avec la surface des masses d’eau et de terre. Ces surfaces émettent de l’énergie sous forme de rayonnement thermique, ou de chaleur, réchauffant l’air. La chaleur s’échappe par l’atmosphère dans l’espace ou est emprisonnée dans l’atmosphère par des gaz atmosphériques spécifiques, ce qui réchauffe continuellement la planète. Cette rétention de chaleur dans l’atmosphère est appelée effet de serre. Les gaz à effet de serre retiennent plus de chaleur que les autres gaz.
 
 L’air chaud est moins dense que l’air froid, donc l’air chaud monte. L’air ascendant crée des courants verticaux dans la haute atmosphère, qui a une pression atmosphérique plus faible. À mesure que l’air s’éloigne de la source de rayonnement thermique, il commence à se refroidir, devient plus dense, et retombe. Ce processus est connu sous le nom de circulation de convection.
 
 <h4>Météo quotidienne</h4>
 
 Le temps est généralement mesuré grâce à six paramètres : température, pression atmosphérique, vent, humidité, précipitations et nébulosité. Les météorologues mesurent ces conditions et prévoient le temps dans un avenir proche en fonction des tendances des observations passées. Par exemple, la pression atmosphérique reflète le poids de l’atmosphère au-dessus. Une pression élevée est habituellement associée à des températures plus fraîches et à un ciel clair, tandis qu’une pression basse est associée à un temps plus chaud et à des tempêtes. L’observation d’une baisse ou d’une augmentation de la pression atmosphérique permet aux météorologues de faire des prévisions à court terme à propos de si vous devez emporter un parapluie ou vous attendre à une journée ensoleillée.
 
 <h4>Événements météorologiques extrêmes</h4>
 
 Parmi les phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes figurent les vagues de chaleur, les vagues de froid, les ouragans, les tornades, les sécheresses et les inondations. Ces événements sont souvent soudains et sont donc plus difficiles à prévoir. Les phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes sont généralement décrits par rapport aux conditions observées dans la distribution historique d’un endroit donné. À l’aide de ces documents historiques, des recherches ont révélé que les changements climatiques anthropiques ont entraîné une augmentation de la fréquence et de l’intensité des températures quotidiennes et des précipitations extrêmes. De plus, les modèles climatiques indiquent qu’avec le changement climatique, la Terre connaîtra des conditions météorologiques plus extrêmes, comme les conditions météo d’été extrêmes persistantes aux latitudes nordiques.

Qu'est-ce que la météo ?

Aperçu

Les conditions météorologiques font référence à l’état actuel des conditions atmosphériques à un moment et à un endroit précis. Les conditions météorologiques sont temporaires et sont influencées par le ...

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how sunlight shapes daily weather

Weather is the current state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. It is temporary and changes from one location to another. Weather is shaped by the interaction of the sun, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.

Solar radiation reaches Earth and interacts with water and land. These surfaces release that energy as thermal radiation, or heat, which warms the air above them. Some of that heat escapes back into space, but some is trapped by atmospheric gases. This heat retention is called the greenhouse effect, and greenhouse gases hold more heat than other gases.

Warm air is less dense than cold air, so it rises. As it rises into areas of lower atmospheric pressure, it cools, becomes denser, and falls again. This movement creates convection circulation, which helps move heat through the atmosphere.

Daily weather is measured using six main factors: temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloudiness. Meteorologists track these conditions and use past observations to predict short-term weather changes. Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the air above us. High pressure is often linked to cooler temperatures and clear skies, while low pressure is often linked to warmer weather and storms. A rise or drop in pressure can help weather forecasters decide whether to expect sunshine or bring an umbrella.

Extreme weather events include heat waves, cold waves, hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts, and floods. These events can happen suddenly, so they are harder to predict than day-to-day weather. Scientists describe them using historical records for a specific place. Research shows that human-caused climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of some daily temperature and precipitation extremes. Climate models also suggest more extreme weather in the future, including persistent summer extremes in northern latitudes.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather

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Learn how solar radiation, the greenhouse effect, convection, and air pressure shape daily weather, plus why extreme weather is harder to predict.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather | JoVE K12

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How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather

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