Name: curved motion: tangential and normal forces
Uploaded: 2024-03-07T13:22:17.000Z
Duration: 1 min 10 s
Channel: JoVE

Le mouvement d’une particule dans une trajectoire curviligne peut être décrit à l’aide des composantes normales et tangentielles.
La composante normale est dirigée le long de la trajectoire normale (ou radiale) jusqu’à la courbe en un point particulier. Il représente la variation de la trajectoire du vecteur vitesse.
La composante tangentielle est tangentielle à la courbe en un point spécifique et caractérise la vitesse à laquelle la vitesse change le long de la trajectoire.
L'équation du mouvement d'une particule dans un mouvement curviligne peut être exprimée à l'aide de la deuxième loi du mouvement de Newton le long des composantes normales et tangentielles.
Ici, l’accélération tangentielle positive représente une augmentation de l’intensité de la vitesse, et l’accélération tangentielle négative représente une diminution de l’intensité de la vitesse de la particule.
D’autre part, la composante normale de l’accélération se trouve toujours le long du rayon de la trajectoire courbe, et elle est positive lorsqu’elle est dirigée vers le centre de la courbure. La composante normale de la force est également définie comme la force centripète.

Équation du mouvement : composantes normales et tangentielles

Equations of Motion: Normal and Tangetial Components

Décrire le mouvement d'une particule le long d'une trajectoire curviligne implique de comprendre ses composantes d’un point de vue normal et tangentiel. La composante normale s'aligne sur la direction radiale de la courbe en un point spécifique, reflétant les changements dans la trajectoire du vecteur vitesse. En revanche, la composante tangentielle est tangente à la courbe dans ce point et représente la vitesse à laquelle la vitesse change le long du trajet.

La deuxième loi du mouvement de Newton est utilisée pour articuler l'équation du mouvement d'une particule soumise à un mouvement curviligne, en considérant à la fois les composantes normales et tangentielles. Une accélération tangentielle positive indique une augmentation de l'amplitude de la vitesse, tandis qu'une accélération tangentielle négative signifie une réduction de la vitesse de la particule.

Dans ce contexte, la composante normale de l’accélération s’aligne toujours avec le rayon de la trajectoire courbe. Lorsqu’il est dirigé vers le centre de courbure, il est considéré comme positif. De plus, la composante normale de la force est identifiée comme étant la force centripète, établissant un lien crucial entre la dynamique de la particule et sa trajectoire curviligne. Cette approche globale facilite une vérification nuancée du mouvement des particules dans un cadre curviligne.

Le mouvement d’une particule dans une trajectoire curviligne peut être décrit à l’aide des composantes normales et tangentielles.
Le composant normal est dirigé le long de la ...

equations-of-motion-normal-and-tangetial-components

Education

Enseignement

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

Génie mécanique

Unit 1

Unité 1

Kinetics of a Particle: Force and Acceleration

Cinétique d'une particule : force et accélération

kinetics-of-a-particle-force-and-acceleration

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMES ET CONCEPTS CLÉS

curved motion: tangential and normal forces

Curved motion is described by splitting a particle’s acceleration into tangential and normal parts. These two components help show how the particle moves along a curving path at a specific point.

The tangential component lies along the curve. It shows how the speed changes with time. A positive tangential acceleration means the speed is increasing. A negative tangential acceleration means the speed is decreasing.

The normal component points along the radial direction of the curve. It describes the change in the direction of the velocity vector. This component always follows the radius of the curved path. When it points toward the center of curvature, it is taken as positive.

Newton’s second law is used to write the equation of motion for this kind of motion. The normal force component is called centripetal force. Together, the normal and tangential components give a clear picture of particle motion along a curvilinear path.

Curved Motion: Tangential and Normal Forces

curved-motion-tangential-and-normal-forces

equations of motion: rectangular coordinates and cylindrical coordinates

equations-motion-rectangular-coordinates-cylindrical

Particle Motion in Rectangular and Cylindrical Form

Particle motion can be written in rectangular coordinates or cylindrical coordinates, depending on the path of the particle. In classical mechanics, the coordinate system you choose helps describe how a particle moves in an inertial frame. When motion stays in the x-y plane, rectangular components are often enough. Using only x and y makes the equation easier to write and follow. This form works well for motion that does not need a third spatial direction. Curved paths often call for...

equations of motion: normal and tangetial components

Curved motion is described by splitting a particle’s acceleration into tangential and normal parts. These two components help show how the particle moves along a curving path at a specific point. The tangential component lies along the curve. It shows how the speed changes with time. A positive tangential acceleration means the speed is increasing. A negative tangential acceleration means the speed is decreasing. The normal component points along the radial direction of the curve. It...

normal and tangetial components: problem solving

normal-and-tangetial-components-problem-solving

Chair Reaction Forces in Curvilinear Motion

Chair reaction forces in curvilinear motion are found by using tangential and normal components of acceleration. A 70 kg man sits upright in a chair that is connected to a pin support by member BC. The member is 10 m long, and it makes a 45° angle with the horizontal at the instant of interest. The man has a speed of 5 m/s, and that speed is increasing at 1 m/s². The tangential acceleration is therefore 1 m/s². The normal acceleration is then determined from the tangential speed and the radius...

equation of motion: center of mass

Center of Mass and System Motion

The center of mass helps describe the motion of a system of particles. For a group with n particles, the equation of motion can be extended from a single particle to the whole system. Each particle has a net force on it that comes from both internal forces and external forces. When the motion of all particles is combined, the system follows one equation of motion. Forces between pairs of particles are internal forces. These forces act along the same line, have equal magnitude, and point in...

central-force motion

Central Force Motion and Areal Velocity

Central force motion describes the path of an object acted on by a force that points toward a fixed point, usually the origin. The force size depends on how far the object is from that point. For a mass m, the motion is written in polar coordinates, which use distance and angle instead of x and y position. In this system, the azimuthal component of force is zero. That means there is no force in the angular direction. When the equation of motion is rewritten and integrated, the product of the...

key terms and concepts

Learn how Newton’s second law describes curved motion with tangential and normal components, including speed change and centripetal force.

Curved Motion: Tangential and Normal Forces | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Mechanical Engineering offers concise, easy-to-understand animated videos covering key topics such as equilibrium, forces, truss analysis, and structural mechanics. Explore their real-world applications, and witness these concepts in action through scientist-led experiments.

Curved Motion: Tangential and Normal Forces

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