Name: inductors in electric circuits
Uploaded: 2024-04-11T12:48:39.000Z
Duration: 1 min 11 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.6

IPC.6.A

Inductors

משרנים, המכונים לעתים קרובות סלילים או משנקים, ממלאים תפקיד מכריע במערכות אלקטרוניקה וחשמל שונות.
בעיקרו של דבר, כל מוליך שדרכו זורם זרם AC הוא מטבעו בעל תכונות אינדוקטיביות וניתן לסווגו כשרן.
כדי לשפר את האפקט ההשראתי, משרנים מעשיים נוצרים על ידי פיתול חוט מוליך סביב ליבה עשויה מחומר מגנטי.
כאשר זרם זורם דרך משרן, המתח לרוחבו עומד ביחס ישר לקצב השינוי של הזרם לאורך זמן. קבוע יחסיות זה ידוע בשם השראות המשרן, והוא נמדד בהנרי.
השראות מתנגדת לשינויים פתאומיים בזרם הזורם דרכה. לכן, הזרם דרך משרן אינו יכול להשתנות באופן מיידי.
הממדים הפיזיים, חומר הליבה ומבנה המשרן קובעים את השראותיו.
משרנים מגיעים במגוון ערכים וסוגים, החל ממיקרוהנרי בודד ועד עשרות הנריס.
הם יכולים להיות קבועים או משתנים, עם ליבות הבנויות ממגוון חומרים כולל ברזל, פלדה, פלסטיק או אפילו אוויר.

משרנים

<div style="direction:rtl">משרן הוא רכיב פסיבי הבנוי לאחסון אנרגיה בתוך השדה המגנטי שלו. ניתן לייצר אותו על ידי סלילת חוט סביב ליבה מגנטית. כאשר מותר לזרם לזרום דרך המשרן הזה, נצפה שהמתח על פני המשרן עומד ביחס ישר לקצב השינוי של הזרם. מבחינה מתמטית,

<img alt="Equation1" src="/files/ftp_upload/15088/15088_PT_Equation_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 36px;">

קשר זה בא לידי ביטוי באמצעות קונבנצית הסימנים הפסיביים, כאשר 'L' מייצג את קבוע המידתיות, המכונה גם השראות של המשרן. השראות של משרן מושפעת מגורמים כמו גודלו, החומרים המשמשים ושיטת הבנייה. יחידת המדידה עבור השראות היא הנרי (H). השראות היא מדד ליכולת של מכשיר לאגור אנרגיה בצורה של שדה מגנטי. כמו כן, זהו מאפיין המאפשר למשרן להתנגד לשינויים בזרם הזורם דרכו.

בנוסף לכינוי משרנים, ניתן לקרוא לרכיבים אלה גם סלילים או משנקים. סמל המעגל עבור משרן מוצג בFigure 1.

<img alt="Figure1" src="/files/ftp_upload/15088/15088_PT_Figure_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 150px;"> Figure 2 מציג ייצוג גרפי של הקשר בין מתח לזרם עבור משרן שההשראות שלו אינה תלויה בזרם, הידוע גם כמשרן ליניארי. <img alt="Figure2" src="/files/ftp_upload/15088/15088_PT_Figure_2.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 146px;"> למשרן לא ליניארי, לעומת זאת, לא תהיה עלילה של קו ישר, שכן השראות שלו משתנה עם הזרם. משרנים, בדומה לקבלים, זמינים מסחרית בערכים וסוגים שונים. ביישומים מעשיים, למשרנים יש בדרך כלל ערכי השראות הנעים בין כמה microhenrys, כפי שניתן לראות במערכות תקשורת, לעשרות הנרי, כפי שהם משמשים במערכות חשמל. משרנים יכולים להיות קבועים או משתנים, והליבה שלהם יכולה להיות מורכבת מחומרים שונים, כולל ברזל, פלדה, פלסטיק או אפילו אוויר.</div>

משרנים, המכונים לעתים קרובות סלילים או משנקים, ממלאים תפקיד מכריע במערכות אלקטרוניקה וחשמל שונות.
למעשה, כל מוליך שדרכו ...

Education

JoVE Core

Electrical Engineering

הנדסה חשמלית

Unit 1

יחידה 1

Energy Storage Elements

רכיבי אגירת אנרגיה

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

מונחי מפתח ומושגי יסוד

inductors in electric circuits

Inductors are passive components used in electric circuits to store energy in a magnetic field. They are often made by coiling a wire around a magnetic core. This structure gives the component its inductive behavior and its ability to respond to changing current.

When current flows through an inductor, the voltage across it is proportional to how quickly the current changes with time. This relationship is written using the passive sign convention, and the constant of proportionality is called inductance, or L. Inductance is measured in henrys, written as H.

Inductance depends on several factors. The size of the inductor matters, as do the materials used and the way it is built. This property also describes how well the device stores energy in a magnetic field and how strongly it resists changes in current.

Inductors are also called coils or chokes. Their circuit symbol is used in circuit diagrams to show the component clearly. A linear inductor has a straight-line voltage-current graph because its inductance does not depend on current. A nonlinear inductor does not follow a straight line because its inductance changes with current.

Inductors are sold in many values and types, much like capacitors. Their inductance can range from a few microhenrys in communication systems to tens of henrys in power systems. They may be fixed or variable, and their cores can be made from iron, steel, plastic, or even air.

Inductors in Electric Circuits

capacitors

Capacitor Charge and Discharge

Capacitors store electric energy and help control signals in devices like car radios. They work by holding charge on two parallel conducting plates with a dielectric, which is the insulating material between the plates. When a voltage source is connected, positive charge builds up on one plate and negative charge builds up on the other. This charge separation creates a potential difference, and it keeps increasing until it matches the source voltage. The electric field inside the capacitor...

energy stored in capacitors

Capacitor Voltage and Charge Behavior

Capacitor voltage and charge behavior depend on how a parallel plate capacitor connects to a battery. When the battery is attached, a potential difference forms across the plates. That voltage determines how much electrical energy the capacitor can store. The voltage across a capacitor can be found by integrating the equation that links voltage and current. That relationship lets students predict the voltage at any moment during charging or discharging. It also shows why a capacitor keeps a...

series and parallel capacitors

Capacitance in Series and Parallel

Capacitors in series and parallel affect a circuit in different ways. These arrangements change the total capacitance, which is the circuit's overall ability to store charge. Knowing the difference helps explain how a circuit responds to signals. When capacitors are connected in series to a battery, the plate tied to the battery's positive terminal becomes positively charged. The plate connected to the negative terminal becomes negatively charged. The other plates develop equal and opposite...

equivalent capacitance

Capacitors in Series and Parallel

Capacitors in series and parallel can be simplified by replacing the group with one equivalent capacitor. This equivalent capacitor stores the same charge as the original network when the same potential difference is applied. The idea helps make complex capacitor circuits easier to analyze. In a parallel connection, capacitors share the same voltage across each branch. The equivalent capacitance of N capacitors in parallel is the sum of their individual capacitances. This type of connection...

inductors

Inductors are passive components used in electric circuits to store energy in a magnetic field. They are often made by coiling a wire around a magnetic core. This structure gives the component its inductive behavior and its ability to respond to changing current. When current flows through an inductor, the voltage across it is proportional to how quickly the current changes with time. This relationship is written using the passive sign convention, and the constant of proportionality is called...

energy stored in inductors

How Inductor Current Stores Magnetic Energy

An inductor stores energy in its magnetic field. That field is created by the current flowing through the coil. When the current stays steady, there is no measurable voltage across the inductor, so it behaves like a short circuit for direct current. The energy stored in an inductor is the total power delivered over time. It can be written as a function of inductance, L, and current, i, where the stored energy increases with the current in the coil. This relationship helps explain how much...

series and parallel inductors

Equivalent Inductance in Circuit Networks

Equivalent inductance in circuit networks helps simplify circuits with multiple inductors. When inductors are combined, the circuit can often be replaced by one inductor with the same effect on the current and voltage. For inductors in series, the same current flows through each component. Applying Kirchhoff's voltage law shows that the total voltage is the sum of the inductor voltages. As a result, the equivalent inductance of a series group is the sum of the individual inductances. This is...

design example: automobile ignition system

design-example-automobile-ignition-system

Car Spark Coil Voltage Design Example

An automobile ignition system uses a spark plug and a spark coil to create the high voltage needed to ignite the fuel-air mixture in each cylinder. The spark plug has two electrodes with an air gap between them. When enough voltage appears across that gap, a spark forms and starts combustion. A 12-volt car battery does not create that spark by itself. The system uses an inductor, which is a component that resists rapid changes in current, to build a much larger voltage. In this ignition setup,...

key terms and concepts

Learn how inductors store energy in magnetic fields, resist current changes, and differ as linear or nonlinear components in circuits.

Inductors in Electric Circuits | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Electrical Engineering offers easy-to-understand animated videos that cover fundamental concepts of electric circuits along with circuit analysis techniques. It incorporates first-order and second-order circuits using operational amplifiers and circuit transformation concepts. The inclusion of practical design examples and real-world applications through scientist-in-action videos adds significant educational value, making complex concepts accessible.

electrical engineering

Resistors In Series

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Resistors In Parallel

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Capacitors

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Energy Stored in Capacitors

A parallel plate capacitor connected to a battery develops a potential difference across its plates.
By integrating the equation relating voltage and ...

Series and Parallel Capacitors

Capacitors can be connected in series and/or parallel configurations within a circuit.
Consider the capacitors connected in series to a battery; the plate ...

Equivalent Capacitance

Consider a complex capacitor network with three groups of capacitors connected in parallel, and these groups are then connected in series with each other. ...

Inductors, often referred to as coils or chokes, play a crucial role in various electronics and power systems.
In essence, any conductor through which an ...

Energy Stored in Inductors

An inductor is designed to store energy in its magnetic field, which is generated by the current flowing through its coils.
When the current is constant, ...

Series and Parallel Inductors

Inductors connected in series and/or parallel configurations can be simplified to an equivalent single inductor.
Consider a series connection of inductors ...

Design Example: Automobile Ignition System

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IPC.6.B

Energy

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Conservation of Energy

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IPC.6.C

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IPC.6.D

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Plan and conduct an investigation to evaluate the transfer of energy or information through different materials by different types of waves such as wireless signals, ultraviolet radiation, and microwaves.

IPC.6.E

Interference and Superposition of Waves

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Reflection of Waves

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Reflection and Refraction

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Interference and Diffraction

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Construct and communicate an evidence-based explanation for how wave interference, reflection, and refraction are used in technology such as medicine, communication, and scientific research.

IPC.6.F

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Sustainable Development

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Climate Change

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Global Climate Change

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Evaluate evidence from multiple sources to critique the advantages and disadvantages of various renewable and nonrenewable energy sources and their impact on society and the environment.

IPC.6.G

Science concepts. The student knows the impact of energy transfer and energy conservation in everyday life. The student is expected to:

Inductors in Electric Circuits

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