Name: how sunlight shapes daily weather
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:42.000Z
Duration: 1 min 7 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

NC K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

ecosystems-interactions-energy-and-dynamics

Ecosystems- Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

LS.Bio.5.2

What is Weather?

Il meteo si riferisce alle
condizioni che occorrono

nell'atmosfera in un
breve periodo di tempo

ed è influenzato dall'interazione tra

sole, atmosfera, oceani e terra.

L'energia solare entra nell'atmosfera

ed è assorbita dalla terra
e dalle acque di superficie,

che emettono radiazioni termiche
infrarosse, scaldanti aria.

L'aria calda meno densa vicino
alla superficie si solleva,

creando correnti verticali
nell'atmosfera alta,

che ha pressione inferiore.

Come risultato, l'aria si
raffredda e diventa densa,

perciò cade,

in un processo chiamato
circolazione convettiva.

Questo processo atmosferico
locale, combinato con

l'inclinazione della Terra verso il sole,

crea cambiamenti in pressione,
temperatura atmosferica,

e piogge ogni giorno, ogni
settimana e ogni mese.

Questi fattori cambiano, e
a seconda di dove ti trovi

sulla Terra, il meteo è differente.

Ettema, Dick, Margareta Friman, Lars E. Olsson e Tommy Gärling. "Effetti della stagione e del tempo sull'umore correlato al viaggio e sulla soddisfazione del viaggio". Frontiers in Psychology 8 (6 febbraio 2017). [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00140" target="__blank">Sorgente</a>]

cos'è il tempo (metereologico)?

<h4>Panoramica</h4>

Il meteo si riferisce allo stato attuale delle condizioni atmosferiche in un momento e luogo specifici. Il tempo è temporaneo ed è influenzato dalle interazioni tra il sole, l'atmosfera (gas intorno alla Terra), l'idrosfera (i corpi idrici della Terra) e la geosfera (la porzione terrestre della Terra). Poiché tutti questi fattori differiscono tra la posizione e l'ora, è possibile osservare condizioni meteorologiche diverse in tutto il pianeta.

<h4>La radiazione solare e l'effetto serra</h4>

La radiazione solare penetra nell'atmosfera per interagire con le acque superficiali e le masse terrestri. Queste superfici emettono l'energia come radiazione termica, o calore, riscaldando l'aria. Il calore o fugge attraverso l'atmosfera nello spazio o è intrappolato nell'atmosfera da specifici gas atmosferici, riscaldando continuamente il pianeta. Questa ritenzione di calore nell'atmosfera è chiamata effetto serra. I cosiddetti gas a effetto serra trattengono più calore di altri gas.

L'aria calda è meno densa dell'aria fredda, quindi l'aria calda sale. L'aria in aumento crea correnti verticali nell'atmosfera superiore, che ha una pressione atmosferica più bassa. Come l'aria si allontana dalla fonte di radiazione termica, inizia a raffreddarsi, diventa più denso, e cade di nuovo. Questo processo è noto come circolazione convezione.

<h4>Meteo giornaliero</h4>

Il tempo è in genere misurato da sei parametri: temperatura, pressione atmosferica, vento, umidità, precipitazioni e nuvolosità. I meteorologi misurano queste condizioni e predicono il tempo del prossimo futuro in base alle tendenze delle osservazioni passate. Ad esempio, la pressione atmosferica riflette il peso dell'atmosfera di cui sopra. L'alta pressione è di solito associata a temperature più fredde e cieli limpidi, mentre la bassa pressione è associata a temperature più calde e tempeste. Osservare una goccia o un aumento della pressione atmosferica permette ai meteorologi di fare previsioni a breve termine se si dovrebbe portare un ombrello o aspettarsi una giornata di sole.

<h4>Eventi meteorologici estremi</h4>

Gli eventi meteorologici estremi includono ondate di calore, ondate fredde, uragani, tornado, siccità e inondazioni. Questi eventi sono spesso improvvisi e sono, quindi, più difficili da prevedere. Gli eventi meteorologici estremi sono tipicamente descritti in relazione alle condizioni osservate nella distribuzione storica per una determinata località. Utilizzando questi documenti storici, la ricerca ha indicato che il cambiamento climatico antropogenico ha portato ad un aumento della frequenza e dell'intensità degli estremi di temperatura e precipitazioni giornaliere. Inoltre, i modelli climatici indicano che con il cambiamento climatico, la Terra sperimenterà condizioni meteorologiche più estreme come il tempo estivo persistente estremo alle latitudini settentrionali.

Cos'è il tempo (metereologico)?

Overview

Weather refers to the current state of atmospheric conditions at a specific time and place. Weather is temporary and is influenced by the ...

Education

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Biologia

Ecology

Ecologia

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Biodiversità e Conservazione

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TERMINI E CONCETTI CHIAVE

how sunlight shapes daily weather

Weather is the current state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. It is temporary and changes from one location to another. Weather is shaped by the interaction of the sun, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.

Solar radiation reaches Earth and interacts with water and land. These surfaces release that energy as thermal radiation, or heat, which warms the air above them. Some of that heat escapes back into space, but some is trapped by atmospheric gases. This heat retention is called the greenhouse effect, and greenhouse gases hold more heat than other gases.

Warm air is less dense than cold air, so it rises. As it rises into areas of lower atmospheric pressure, it cools, becomes denser, and falls again. This movement creates convection circulation, which helps move heat through the atmosphere.

Daily weather is measured using six main factors: temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloudiness. Meteorologists track these conditions and use past observations to predict short-term weather changes. Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the air above us. High pressure is often linked to cooler temperatures and clear skies, while low pressure is often linked to warmer weather and storms. A rise or drop in pressure can help weather forecasters decide whether to expect sunshine or bring an umbrella.

Extreme weather events include heat waves, cold waves, hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts, and floods. These events can happen suddenly, so they are harder to predict than day-to-day weather. Scientists describe them using historical records for a specific place. Research shows that human-caused climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of some daily temperature and precipitation extremes. Climate models also suggest more extreme weather in the future, including persistent summer extremes in northern latitudes.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather

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Weather is the current state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. It is temporary and changes from one location to another. Weather is shaped by the interaction of the sun, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. Solar radiation reaches Earth and interacts with water and land. These surfaces release that energy as thermal radiation, or heat, which warms the air above them. Some of that heat escapes back into space, but some is trapped by atmospheric gases. This heat retention is...

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key terms and concepts

Learn how solar radiation, the greenhouse effect, convection, and air pressure shape daily weather, plus why extreme weather is harder to predict.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather | JoVE K12

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How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather

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