Name: solving projectile motion with components
Uploaded: 2025-05-22T09:05:40.000Z
Duration: 1 min 26 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

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North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Physics

motion-and-stability-forces-and-interactions

Motion and Stability- Forces and Interactions

PS.Phy.1.2

Projectile Motion: Equations

Il movimento di un proiettile lungo le direzioni orizzontale e verticale può essere analizzato in modo indipendente utilizzando le equazioni del moto. Mettendo ay come meno g e ax come zero per un proiettile, le equazioni semplificano.
Le componenti iniziali della velocità ottenute utilizzando le relazioni trigonometriche semplificano ulteriormente le equazioni del moto.
Allo zenit, vy è zero. Sostituendo vy nell'equazione della velocità per la direzione y, si ottiene il tempo per il mezzo volo. L'altezza zenitale del proiettile può essere ottenuta sostituendo l'espressione del tempo di mezzo volo nell'equazione di spostamento per la direzione y.
La durata totale del volo è il doppio del tempo di mezzo volo. Sostituendo il tempo totale nell'equazione di spostamento nella direzione x, si ottiene l'equazione per la portata massima del proiettile.
La traiettoria descrive il percorso del proiettile in uno spazio bidimensionale. La sua equazione può essere ottenuta utilizzando le equazioni di posizione.
Riorganizzando i termini nell'equazione della componente x e sostituendoli nell'equazione della posizione y, otteniamo l'equazione della traiettoria finale. Questa equazione rappresenta una parabola.

moto parabolico: equazioni

Nella nostra vita quotidiana osserviamo comunemente il moto parabolico. Per esempio, una palla da basket lanciata da un giocatore, una freccia lanciata da un arco, e un bambino che salta in piscina, subiscono tutti il moto parabolico.

Ogni problema relativo al moto parabolico può essere risolto attraverso l'utilizzo della seguente strategia:

<ol>
	<li>Per prima cosa, bisogna risolvere il movimento nelle componenti orizzontali e verticali lungo gli assi x e y. Le grandezze delle componenti di spostamento lungo questi assi sono x e y. Le grandezze delle componenti verticali e orizzontali sono rispettivamente date da v·sin(θ) e v/em>·cos(θ), dove v è la grandezza della velocità e θ è la direzione relativa all'asse orizzontale.</li>
	<li>Il movimento va considerato come due movimenti unidimensionali indipendenti: uno orizzontale e uno verticale. Usa le equazioni cinematiche per il movimento orizzontale e verticale spiegate precedentemente.</li>
	<li>Risolvi le incognite dei due movimenti separatamente. Nota che l'unica variabile in comune tra i movimenti è il tempo, t. Qui le procedure di risoluzione dei problemi sono le stesse di quelle della cinematica unidimensionale.</li>
	<li>Ricombina le quantità nella direzione orizzontale e verticale per trovare lo spostamento totale e la velocità. Infine, risolvi la grandezza e la direzione dello spostamento e della velocità usando:</li>
</ol>

<img alt="Equation1" src="/files/ftp_upload/12635/12635_Equation_1.png" style="text-align: center; height: 16px;" />

<img alt="Equation2" src="/files/ftp_upload/12635/12635_Equation_2.png" style="text-align: center; height: 26px;" />

<img alt="Equation3" src="/files/ftp_upload/12635/12635_Equation_3.png" style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" />

Dove θ è la direzione dello spostamento.

Questo testo è stato tratto e adattato da <a href="https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-1/pages/4-3-projectile-motion">Openstax, University Physics Volume 1, Section 4.3: Projectile Motion.</a>

Moto parabolico: equazioni

Il movimento dei proiettili è comunemente osservato nella nostra vita quotidiana. Ad esempio, un pallone da basket lanciato da un giocatore, una freccia scoccata da un arco e bambini che saltano...

Education

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JoVE Core

Fisica

Unit 1

Unità 1

Motion in Two or Three Dimensions

Moto in due o tre dimensioni

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMINI E CONCETTI CHIAVE

solving projectile motion with components

Projectile motion can be solved by breaking the motion into horizontal and vertical components. This approach is used for common examples like a basketball throw, an arrow shot from a bow, and kids jumping into a pool. The motion is then analyzed along the x-axis and y-axis.

Start by separating displacement into x and y parts. The horizontal and vertical parts of velocity are also separated. If the projectile has speed v and direction θ relative to the horizontal, the vertical component is v·sin(θ) and the horizontal component is v·cos(θ).

Next, treat the horizontal motion and the vertical motion as two independent one-dimensional motions. Use the kinematic equations for each direction, just as in earlier one-dimensional kinematics problems. The key shared variable is time, t, so solve each part separately and use time to connect them.

After finding the unknowns, recombine the horizontal and vertical quantities to get the total displacement and velocity. Then use the combined x and y values to find the magnitude and direction of displacement and velocity. In this step, θ is the direction of the displacement.

Solving Projectile Motion with Components

solving-projectile-motion-with-components

position and displacement vectors

Describing Motion with Position Changes

Describing motion starts with position. Position tells where an object is at a particular time. It must be measured relative to a frame of reference, which is an arbitrary set of axes used to describe position and motion. Earth is often used as a frame of reference. It helps describe an object’s location in relation to stationary objects on Earth. Many important motions also take place in two dimensions, or in a plane. In those cases, position, velocity, and acceleration can each be described...

average and instantaneous velocity vectors

average-and-instantaneous-velocity-vectors

Position Change and Instant Velocity

Position change and instant velocity are key ideas in kinematics. To describe motion, time must be included. Time tells us where an object is and how fast it is moving. The speed of an object comes from how its position changes with time. Each position is tied to a specific time. When the details of motion at each instant are not important, the rate is given as average velocity. Average velocity is a vector. It equals the total displacement between two points divided by the elapsed time. Real...

acceleration vectors

How Velocity Changes Create Acceleration

Acceleration describes how velocity changes over time. In physics, acceleration is a vector, which means it has both size and direction. It points in the same direction as the change in velocity, written as Δv. The larger the acceleration, the larger the change in velocity over a given time. Because velocity is a vector, it can change in more than one way. An object can speed up, slow down, change direction, or do both at once. A runner traveling 10 km/h due east who stops, turns around, and...

direction of acceleration vectors

Negative Acceleration and Motion Reversal

Acceleration describes a change in velocity. That change can be a change in speed, a change in direction, or both. The acceleration vector points in the direction of the velocity change, not always in the direction the object is moving. When an object slows down, its acceleration points opposite to its motion. This is often called deceleration. The term can be confusing in physics because deceleration is not a vector. It does not give a direction relative to a coordinate system, so the correct...

projectile motion

Projectile Paths Under Gravity

Projectile motion describes the path of an object thrown into the air under Earth’s gravity. The object is called a projectile, and its curved path is called the trajectory. This motion appears in many real situations, such as fireworks, a golf ball in flight, meteors entering Earth’s atmosphere, and bullets being fired. When a falling object has no horizontal movement, it is described as one-dimensional projectile motion. When motion includes both horizontal and vertical parts, it is...

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projectile motion: equations

Projectile motion can be solved by breaking the motion into horizontal and vertical components. This approach is used for common examples like a basketball throw, an arrow shot from a bow, and kids jumping into a pool. The motion is then analyzed along the x-axis and y-axis. Start by separating displacement into x and y parts. The horizontal and vertical parts of velocity are also separated. If the projectile has speed v and direction θ relative to the horizontal, the vertical component is...

projectile motion: example

Projectile Motion in Sports and Orbit

Projectile motion helps explain both sports throws and motion near Earth. A javelin thrower uses this idea to send the javelin as far as possible. The thrower also takes a short run-up to increase the initial speed of the javelin. For a projectile on level ground, the range is the horizontal distance it travels. The range is largest at a 45° angle, so javelin throwers try to release the javelin as close to that angle as possible. In this case, the range equation assumes the distance is very...

uniform circular motion

Centripetal Acceleration in Circular Motion

Uniform circular motion describes motion in a circle at constant speed. An object follows a curved path, but its speed does not change. The motion of a point on a propeller spinning at a steady rate and the second, minute, and hour hands of a watch are common examples. Even with constant speed, these objects are still accelerating. That idea can seem surprising because in one-dimensional motion, constant speed means zero acceleration. In two- and three-dimensional motion, a particle can...

non-uniform circular motion

Circular Motion with Changing Speed

Circular motion can happen with changing speed. In this case, the object still follows a circular path, but it may speed up or slow down as it moves. When speed changes during circular motion, the motion is called non-uniform circular motion. This adds tangential acceleration, which points along the path of motion and shows a change in speed. Centripetal acceleration is still present in circular motion. It describes the time rate of change of the direction of the velocity vector and points...

relative velocity in one dimension

Relative Motion in a Train and Earth

Relative motion depends on the reference frame used to measure velocity. A reference frame is the point of view from which motion is described. In many examples, Earth is the reference frame. If someone is said to be sitting in a train moving east at 10 m/s, that speed is measured relative to Earth.

relative velocity in two dimensions

Adding Velocities Across Reference Frames

Relative velocity describes motion as measured from a chosen reference frame. It can also describe the motion of one reference frame compared with another. In two dimensions, this idea helps track how position and velocity change from frame to frame. Consider a particle P and two reference frames, S and S′. The position of the origin of S′, measured in S, and the position of P, measured in S′, can be combined with vector addition to find the position of P in S. This relation shows how motion...

key terms and concepts

Learn how to solve projectile motion by splitting motion into horizontal and vertical components, using kinematic equations, and recombining displacement and velocity.

Solving Projectile Motion with Components | JoVE K12

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JoVE Core Physics introduces the theory and application of fundamental physics topics, including kinematics, dynamics, fluid mechanics, statics, waves, and acoustics, with concise and easy-to-understand animated videos. Additionally, the scientist-in-action videos demonstrate the application of related concepts in classical and original research experiments performed in today's laboratories worldwide.

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Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

Motion

Projectile Motion

Tennessee Academic Standards

High School

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

PHYS.PS2.4

PHYS.PS2.13

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

Physical Science

PS.8

PS.8.a

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PH.2.d

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PHYS.5

PHYS.5.D

Arizona Science Standards

HS+Phy.P3

HS+Phy.P3U1.3

Alabama Course of Study Science

9-12.P.1.1.c

Florida Department of Education

SC.912.P.12

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Georgia Standards of Excellence

SP1.

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Average Velocity

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Instantaneous Velocity - I

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Instantaneous Velocity - II

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Average Acceleration

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Velocity and Position by Graphical Method

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Velocity and Position by Integral Method

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PS.Phy.1.1

Position and Displacement Vectors

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Average and Instantaneous Velocity Vectors

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Acceleration Vectors

In everyday conversation, accelerating means speeding up. Acceleration is a vector in the same direction as the change in velocity, &#916;v, therefore the ...

Direction of Acceleration Vectors

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An object thrown in the air follows a parabolic path under the influence of Earth&#39;s gravitational force. The motion of such an object is called ...

Projectile motion is commonly observed in our day-to-day life. For example, a basketball thrown by a player, an arrow shot from a bow, and kids jumping ...

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Non-uniform Circular Motion

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The understanding of the concept of reference frames is essential to discuss relative motion in one or more dimensions. When we say that an object has a ...

Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions

Relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame, or the velocity of one reference frame with respect to ...

Use models (graphs, equations, diagrams) to infer motion in two dimensions.

Force

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Drawing Free-body Diagrams: Rules

The first step in describing and analyzing most phenomena in physics involves the careful drawing of a free-body diagram. Free-body diagrams are useful in ...

Free Body Diagrams: Examples

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Use free body models to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze systems of forces in one dimension and two dimensions.

PS.Phy.2.1

Newton's First Law: Introduction

Motion draws our attention. Motion itself can be beautiful, causing us to marvel at the forces needed to create spectacular sights, such as that of a ...

Newton's First Law: Application

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Internal and External Forces

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First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

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Tension

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Carry out investigations to explain the interactions of forces on an object according to Newton's Laws of Motion.

PS.Phy.2.2

Frictional Force

When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet ...

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that ...

Use models to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze basic forces related to movement of an object in a circular path (centripetal force).

PS.Phy.2.3

Analyze the motion of objects using time, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration.

Solving Projectile Motion with Components

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