Name: ecm proteins and cell signaling
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T11:54:04.000Z
Duration: 1 min 24 s
Channel: JoVE

Le cellule interagiscono con una rete di molecole secrete localmente che circondano la membrana plasmatica, chiamata matrice extracellulare o ECM.
Queste interazioni sono mediate da grandi complessi multimolecolari chiamati complessi di adesione cellula-matrice che sono ampiamente distribuiti o raggruppati in chiazze distinte sulla membrana plasmatica chiamate giunzioni cellula-matrice.
Ogni complesso di adesione comprende recettori transmembrana e proteine adattatrici citosoliche che collegano i filamenti citoscheletrici con i ligandi nella MEC.
L'integrina, il recettore di adesione più importante, e il suo adattatore talin possono legare una qualsiasi delle tre principali classi di molecole della MEC: proteoglicani, che ammortizzano la cellula; collagene, che fornisce forza meccanica; e proteine solubili multi-adesive come la fibronectina che legano i recettori di adesione con altri componenti della matrice.
Le integrine collegano i filamenti del citoscheletro con una forma specializzata della MEC sulla lamina basale che riveste la superficie esterna della membrana cellulare.
Il complesso di adesione risultante interagisce con le molecole della ECM e trasmette segnali meccanici e chimici per regolare la crescita, la migrazione e la differenziazione cellulare.

<ol>
	<li>Vickerman, V., & Kamm, R. D. (2012). Meccanismo di un interruttore di angiogenesi flusso-dipendente: eventi di segnalazione precoce a livello di matrice cellulare e giunzioni cellula-cellula. Biologia integrativa, 4(8), 863-874.</li>
	<li>Ding, H., Zhou, P., Fu, W., Ding, L., Guo, W., & Su, B. (2021). Imaging spazialmente selettivo di giunzioni cellula-matrice e cellula-cellula mediante elettrochemiluminescenza. Edizione internazionale Angewandte Chemie, 60(21), 11769-11773.</li>
</ol>

panoramica delle interazioni cellula-matrice

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

La matrice extracellulare o ECM tiene insieme le cellule per formare un tessuto e consente alle cellule all'interno del tessuto di comunicare. L'ECM comprende proteine come fibronectina, collagene, laminina, ecc. La proteina più abbondante in questo spazio è il collagene. Le fibre di collagene sono intrecciate con molecole proteiche contenenti carboidrati chiamate proteoglicani. L'ECM consente la migrazione cellulare e fornisce un'impalcatura strutturale all'adesione cellulare che ancora la cellula quando le proteine della matrice extracellulare interagiscono con i recettori delle proteine transmembrana.

Un ligando dell’ECM si lega al recettore e ne modifica la conformazione. Il recettore, a sua volta, modifica la conformazione dei microfilamenti posizionati subito sotto la membrana plasmatica. Questi cambiamenti conformazionali inducono segnali chimici all’interno della cellula che raggiungono il nucleo e attivano o disattivano la trascrizione di specifiche sezioni di DNA, influenzando la produzione di proteine associate, modificando così le attività cellulari.

Le integrine sono i recettori transmembrana più importanti che mediano le giunzioni cellula-matrice come le adesioni focali e gli emidesmosomi. Sul lato citosolico, le integrine si legano all'actina e ai filamenti intermedi mentre si legano alla fibronectina e al collagene nella faccia dell'ECM.

Adattato da section 5.1 Components and structure, 4.2 Epithelial tissue, and 3.4 Unique characteristics of eukaryotic cells, Openstax biology 2e

Panoramica delle interazioni cellula-matrice

La matrice extracellulare o ECM tiene insieme le cellule per formare un tessuto e consente alle cellule all'interno del tessuto di comunicare. La MEC comprende proteine come ...

Education

Didattica

JoVE Core

Cell Biology

Biologia cellulare

Unit 1

Unità 1

Cell-Matrix Interactions

Interazioni cellula-matrice

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMINI E CONCETTI CHIAVE

ecm proteins and cell signaling

The extracellular matrix, or ECM, is the material that helps hold cells together in a tissue. It also lets cells in that tissue communicate with one another. The ECM contains proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, and laminin. Collagen is the most abundant protein in this space.

Collagen fibers are woven together with proteoglycans, which are protein molecules with carbohydrates attached. This mix gives the ECM its structure. It also supports cell migration and provides a scaffold for cell adhesion. At these adhesion sites, ECM proteins connect with transmembrane protein receptors and help anchor the cell.

When an ECM ligand binds to a receptor, the receptor changes shape. This change also affects the microfilaments just under the plasma membrane. The shape changes trigger chemical signals inside the cell that travel to the nucleus. There, they can turn specific DNA sections on or off and change the proteins the cell makes.

These signals can alter cellular activities. Integrins are the main transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-matrix junctions such as focal adhesions and hemidesmosomes. On the inside of the cell, integrins bind to actin and intermediate filaments. On the ECM side, they bind to fibronectin and collagen.

ECM Proteins and Cell Signaling

overview of cell-matrix interactions

The extracellular matrix, or ECM, is the material that helps hold cells together in a tissue. It also lets cells in that tissue communicate with one another. The ECM contains proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, and laminin. Collagen is the most abundant protein in this space. Collagen fibers are woven together with proteoglycans, which are protein molecules with carbohydrates attached. This mix gives the ECM its structure. It also supports cell migration and provides a scaffold for cell...

integrins

Integrins in Cell Adhesion

Integrins help animal and protozoan cells attach to the extracellular matrix, or ECM. These cells do not have cell walls, so the ECM helps maintain shape and provide structural stability. The ECM is a sticky network of carbohydrates and proteins found between adjacent cells. Some ECM proteins form a basement membrane, and other ECM parts adhere to it. Proteoglycans make up much of the ECM, while fibrous proteins such as collagen give it strength. Fibronectin connects proteoglycans and collagen...

activation of integrins

How Integrins Link Cells to Their Environment

Integrins help cells connect with their environment and send signals across the cell membrane. They can carry information from outside the cell to the inside, or from inside the cell to the outside. These two paths are called outside-in signaling and inside-out signaling. In outside-in signaling, molecules in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand-binding sites on integrins. A ligand is a molecule that binds to a protein. This binding makes the inactive integrin change shape and become...

intracellular signaling affects focal adhesions

intracellular-signaling-affects-focal-adhesions

Integrins Trigger Focal Adhesion Signaling

Integrins trigger focal adhesion signaling at the cell membrane. These membrane receptors sit in the phospholipid bilayer with hydrophobic regions that match the membrane interior. They provide attachment sites for outside signals such as hormones and growth factors. When these effectors bind and become active, integrins can start response pathways inside the cell. Some integrin-driven pathways support cell growth and help cells survive. The signal begins at the membrane, but G-proteins and...

anchoring junctions

Cell Adhesion in Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and to the extracellular matrix. They sit on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells. These junctions create strong, flexible links that help maintain tissue stability and integrity. Focal adhesions often form when cells interact with the extracellular matrix, or ECM, substrata. These contacts can start signal transduction through kinase cascades and other pathways. Together, these junctions help cells stay...

cell-matrix's response to mechanical forces

cell-matrix-s-response-to-mechanical-forces

Focal Adhesions and Cell Mechanics

Focal adhesions help animal cells connect to the extracellular matrix and sense mechanical forces. The extracellular matrix, or ECM, sits outside cells and helps tissues withstand stress. It also sends signals from outside the cell to the inside. The ECM is large and its makeup changes from one tissue to another. In loose connective tissue, reticular fibers and ground substance form the ECM. In bone tissue, collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM. Anchoring junctions hold a cell to the...

key terms and concepts

Learn how the extracellular matrix supports tissues, anchors cells, and sends signals through integrins, collagen, fibronectin, and laminin.

ECM Proteins and Cell Signaling | JoVE K12

cell biology

JoVE Core Cell Biology illustrates complex cellular processes in easy-to-understand yet comprehensive animated video lessons. This collection focuses on the essential components and functions of cells, including organelles and membranes, cellular transport, and cell energetics. It is complemented by scientist-in-action videos that demonstrate the application of cell biology in real-world research experiments.

ECM Proteins and Cell Signaling

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