Name: principal and shear strains on mohr’s circle
Uploaded: 2025-05-22T09:06:18.000Z
Duration: 1 min 18 s
Channel: JoVE

Il cerchio di Mohr analizza la deformazione piana tracciando punti con l'ascissa uguale alla deformazione normale e l'ordinata uguale alla metà della deformazione di taglio.
Il centro O del cerchio di Mohr è definito, con l'ascissa di O e il raggio uguali rispettivamente alla deformazione media e all'equazione del raggio.
Il senso di rotazione dei lati associati ai componenti di deformazione indica dove sono tracciati i punti corrispondenti sul cerchio di Mohr.
Le intersezioni del cerchio di Mohr con l'asse orizzontale corrispondono alle deformazioni principali massime e minime, calcolate rispettivamente come somma e differenza della deformazione media e del raggio.
Durante la deformazione elastica in materiali omogenei e isotropi, gli assi di deformazione principali coincidono con gli assi di sollecitazione in seguito all'applicazione della legge di Hooke per lo sforzo di taglio e la deformazione.
La massima deformazione di taglio nel piano è uguale al diametro del cerchio di Mohr. Le componenti della deformazione corrispondenti ad una rotazione degli assi delle coordinate attraverso un angolo θ si ottengono ruotando il diametro del cerchio di Mohr di un angolo di 2θ.

cerchio di mohr per la deformazione piana

Mohr&#39;s Circle for Plane Strain

Il cerchio di Mohr è un metodo grafico fondamentale utilizzato per analizzare la deformazione piana tracciando la deformazione su un insieme di coordinate cartesiane, dove l'ascissa è la deformazione normale ε e l'ordinata è la deformazione di taglio γ. Analogamente al cerchio di Mohr per lo stress piano, vengono tracciati due punti X e Y. Le loro coordinate sono(ε_x, -γ_XY) e (ε_Y, γ_XY). 
  Il cerchio di Mohr rappresenta visivamente gli stati di deformazione in varie condizioni, il che è essenziale per comprendere il comportamento dei materiali. Il centro del cerchio di Mohr, etichettato O, corrisponde alla deformazione normale media, con il raggio del cerchio derivato dalla relazione tra deformazioni normali e di taglio. Ciò aiuta a visualizzare come le deformazioni si trasformano in diverse condizioni di carico descrivendo le rotazioni e gli spostamenti nel cerchio mentre ruotano gli assi delle coordinate.

Particolarmente significativi sono i punti in cui il cerchio di Mohr interseca l'asse orizzontale, poiché rappresentano le deformazioni principali massime e minime. Queste deformazioni principali sono calcolate rispettivamente dalla deformazione media più e meno il raggio del cerchio e indicano i limiti di deformazione che un materiale può sostenere sotto un dato carico. Nei materiali omogenei e isotropi sottoposti a deformazione elastica, gli assi di deformazione principali si allineano con gli assi di stress, una correlazione stabilita dalla legge di Hooke per lo stress di taglio e la deformazione. Questo allineamento aiuta a prevedere le risposte materiali sotto stress.

Inoltre, il diametro del cerchio di Mohr rappresenta la massima deformazione di taglio nel piano. Per l'analisi che coinvolge assi di coordinate ruotati, la rotazione del diametro XY del cerchio di Mohr di un angolo 2θ determina effettivamente le componenti di deformazione in quell'orientamento per gli assi di coordinate ruotati di un angolo θ.

Cerchio di Mohr per la deformazione piana

Il cerchio di Mohr analizza la deformazione piana tracciando punti con l'ascissa uguale alla deformazione normale e l'ordinata uguale alla metà del taglio ...

Education

Didattica

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

Ingegneria Meccanica

Unit 1

Unità 1

Transformations of Stress and Strain

Trasformazioni di tensione e deformazione

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMINI E CONCETTI CHIAVE

principal and shear strains on mohr’s circle

Mohr’s circle for plane strain shows how normal strain and shear strain change on a graph. The horizontal axis is normal strain, written as ε, and the vertical axis is shear strain, written as γ. It uses two plotted points, X and Y, to represent the strain state.

Point X has coordinates (εx, -γXY), and point Y has coordinates (εY, γXY). The center of the circle, O, gives the average normal strain. The radius comes from the relationship between normal strain and shear strain, so the circle summarizes the full strain state in one picture.

As the coordinate axes rotate, the circle shifts and rotates with them. This makes it easier to see how strain changes under different loading conditions. For a new axis orientation, rotating the diameter XY by 2θ gives the strain components for axes rotated by θ.

The points where the circle crosses the horizontal axis are important because they show the maximum and minimum principal strains. These principal strains equal the average strain plus or minus the circle’s radius. They mark the strain limits a material can sustain under a given load.

For homogeneous, isotropic materials in elastic deformation, the principal strain axes line up with the stress axes. This link follows from Hooke’s law for shear stress and shear strain. It helps predict how the material will respond under stress.

The diameter of Mohr’s circle also shows the maximum in-plane shearing strain. Together, the circle’s center, radius, and axis intersections give a clear way to read strain values. This graphical method is especially useful for understanding material behavior in plane strain.

Principal and Shear Strains on Mohr’s Circle

principal-and-shear-strains-on-mohrs-circle

transformation of plane stress

Plane Stress Changes with Rotation

Plane stress changes with rotation in a material element. The analysis looks at a prismatic element inside a cube under plane stress. As the element turns, the normal stress and shearing stress on its faces change in both size and direction. These changes are described with trigonometric functions of the rotation angle. The forces on the rotated faces are compared with the forces on the original faces that are perpendicular to each principal axis. The equilibrium equations use only the forces...

principal stresses

Stress Circle for Principal and Shear Stress

The stress circle shows how normal stress and shearing stress change with angle on a transformed plane. Its center, C, lies on the vertical axis and represents the average normal stress. The radius shows the amount of stress variation as the plane rotates. Points A and B, where the circle crosses the horizontal axis, mark the maximum and minimum normal stresses. At these points, shearing stress is zero. These points define the principal stress planes, where only normal stress, called principal...

principal stresses: problem solving

Finding Principal Planes and Stress Limits

Principal planes and principal stresses are found by analyzing two planes that meet at right angles under shearing, tensile, and compressive stresses. The goal is to use the given stress values to describe how the material is loaded and to locate the planes where the stress state changes. To find the principal planes, use the formula that relates the plane angle to twice the shearing stress divided by the difference between tensile and compressive stresses. After substituting the known stress...

mohr&#39;s circle for plane stress

Reading Stress Components with Mohr's Circle

Mohr's circle is a graphical way to read the stress state at a point in a material under plane stress. It turns normal stress and shearing stress into a two-dimensional picture. This makes stress transformation easier to analyze. The method uses Cartesian coordinates. The horizontal axis shows normal stress, written as σ, and the vertical axis shows shearing stress, written as τ. Two points, A and B, are plotted from the stresses on the element. Point A is at (σx, -τxy), and point B is at (σx,...

general state of stress

Stress Tensor and Principal Stresses

The stress tensor describes the internal forces inside a material. It is used when a material is under external force or deformation. At a point such as O, the tensor can show the stress components on any plane through that point. A tetrahedral element helps show how these forces act. One face, XYZ, is perpendicular to the line OA. The other faces line up with the coordinate axes, and point O is the origin. The stress on the tetrahedron is split into normal and shear components on each face. <br...

yield criteria for ductile materials under plane stress

yield-criteria-for-ductile-materials-under-plane-stress

Tresca and Von Mises Yield Criteria

Ductile materials can yield when they are loaded beyond a safe stress level. Engineers use yield criteria to check whether structural elements and machine parts can handle the expected load without permanent deformation. The yield point is first found with a tensile test, which measures how the material responds to uniaxial stress. A tensile test is not enough when a part faces biaxial or plane stress conditions. In those cases, more advanced criteria are needed to predict failure. One common...

transformation of plane strain

Plane Strain Under Rotated Axes

Plane strain changes when the coordinate axes are rotated. This matters for long bars and similar elongated structures that are loaded uniformly on their sides. In these members, one dimension is much larger than the others, so deformation is mainly studied in a single plane. At a point such as O, the key strain components lie along the x and y axes. The strain along the z-axis is negligible in plane strain. Together, the x and y strain components describe the deformation state in the xy-plane.

mohr&#39;s circle for plane strain

Mohr’s circle for plane strain shows how normal strain and shear strain change on a graph. The horizontal axis is normal strain, written as ε, and the vertical axis is shear strain, written as γ. It uses two plotted points, X and Y, to represent the strain state. Point X has coordinates (εx, -γXY), and point Y has coordinates (εY, γXY). The center of the circle, O, gives the average normal strain. The radius comes from the relationship between normal strain and shear strain, so the circle...

three-dimensional analysis of strain

Principal Strain Directions in 3D

Three-dimensional strain analysis shows how a material changes shape when it is loaded. It is especially useful for elastic, homogeneous materials. A small cubic element inside the material can expand or contract along principal stress axes. That change turns the cube into a rectangular parallelepiped, which makes the deformation easier to picture. The principal stress axes are orthogonal, or at right angles to each other. Along these directions, the stress does not create shear inside the...

measurements of strain

How Strain Gauges Measure Deformation

Strain describes how a material deforms when a force is applied. Normal strain compares the change in length with the original length. Engineers use this measure to track stretching or compression in materials. For higher accuracy, they often use electrical strain gauges. A strain gauge has a conductive wire on a paper backing that sticks to the surface of the material. It works through the piezoresistive effect, which means the wire’s electrical resistance changes when the material is bent,...

key terms and concepts

Learn how Mohr’s circle shows normal strain, shear strain, principal strains, and maximum in-plane shear for plane strain in a clear graphical form.

Principal and Shear Strains on Mohr’s Circle | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Mechanical Engineering offers concise, easy-to-understand animated videos covering key topics such as equilibrium, forces, truss analysis, and structural mechanics. Explore their real-world applications, and witness these concepts in action through scientist-led experiments.

mechanical engineering

Principal and Shear Strains on Mohr’s Circle

Description

Transcript

Tags