Name: how ready-mixed concrete is delivered
Uploaded: 2024-11-07T14:48:34.000Z
Duration: 1 min 26 s
Channel: JoVE

Il calcestruzzo che viene preparato in una struttura centralizzata e poi consegnato in cantiere in camion, pronto per il posizionamento, è noto come calcestruzzo preconfezionato o premiscelato. È disponibile in tre tipi: calcestruzzo miscelato centralmente, calcestruzzo miscelato per camion o transito e calcestruzzo termoretraibile.
Il calcestruzzo miscelato centralmente viene sottoposto a dosaggio e miscelazione completa degli ingredienti presso l'impianto. Viene quindi trasportato sul sito in un camion agitatore che ruota tra 2 e 6 giri/min.
Nel calcestruzzo autotrasportato o transitato, gli ingredienti vengono dosati nell'impianto e miscelati nel camion, ruotando tra 4 e 16 giri/min, durante il trasporto o appena prima dello scarico del calcestruzzo in loco.
Il calcestruzzo termoretraibile viene parzialmente miscelato nell'impianto e completamente miscelato nel camion, ruotando tra 4 e 16 giri/min durante il tragitto verso il cantiere.
Il calcestruzzo preconfezionato garantisce una qualità uniforme attraverso il dosaggio controllato, utilizza carrelli agitatori per evitare la segregazione ed è adattabile per l'uso in siti congestionati o quando il calcestruzzo è necessario in modo intermittente.
Secondo le linee guida ASTM, la betoniera del camion non deve superare i 300 giri per evitare la segregazione e il calcestruzzo deve essere posizionato entro 90 minuti dall'inizio della miscelazione.

calcestruzzo preconfezionato

Ready Mixed Concrete

Il calcestruzzo preconfezionato, noto anche come calcestruzzo premiscelato, viene preparato in un impianto centralizzato e poi trasportato in camion nei cantieri edili dove è pronto per la posa. Questo tipo di calcestruzzo è classificato in calcestruzzo pre-miscelato in centrale, miscelato in autobetoniera (o miscelato in transito) e pre-miscelato parzialmente. Il calcestruzzo pre-miscelato in centrale viene preparato interamente in un impianto e trasportato nel sito in camion agitatori che ruotano a una velocità di 2-6 giri al minuto. Il calcestruzzo miscelato in autobetoniera, d'altro canto, ha gli ingredienti dosati nell'impianto ma miscelati nella betoniera a una velocità di 4-16 giri al minuto, durante il trasporto o appena prima dello scarico del calcestruzzo. Il calcestruzzo pre-miscelato parzialmente viene preparato dosando gli ingredienti e mescolandoli parzialmente nell'impianto, quindi mescolandoli completamente nel camion che ruota a 4-16 giri al minuto durante il trasporto verso il sito.


 Il calcestruzzo preconfezionato è ampiamente utilizzato rispetto alla miscelazione in loco in quanto è presenta diversi vantaggi, come una maggiore uniformità dovuta al dosaggio controllato, la capacità di evitare la segregazione durante il trasporto in camion agitatori, l'idoneità per siti congestionati e progetti che richiedono piccole e intermittenti colate di calcestruzzo. Le linee guida della norma UNI EN 206 stabiliscono che il calcestruzzo deve essere scaricato entro 90 minuti dall'inizio della miscelazione, o secondo specifiche condizioni, per garantire la qualità del calcestruzzo e la sua conformità agli standard.

Calcestruzzo preconfezionato

Il calcestruzzo che viene preparato in una struttura centralizzata e poi consegnato al cantiere in camion, pronto per il posizionamento, è noto come calcestruzzo preconfezionato o ...

Education

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JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

Ingegneria Civile

Unit 1

Unità 1

Mixing, Placing and Curing Concrete 

Miscelazione, posa e stagionatura del calcestruzzo

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMINI E CONCETTI CHIAVE

how ready-mixed concrete is delivered

Ready-mixed concrete is prepared at a centralized plant and then delivered by truck to a construction site. It arrives ready for placement, which makes it different from concrete mixed entirely on site.

Ready-mixed concrete includes three main forms: central-mixed, truck-mixed, and shrink-mixed. Central-mixed concrete is fully mixed at the plant and carried to the site in agitator trucks. These trucks rotate at 2 to 6 rpm, which helps keep the concrete in motion during transport.

Truck-mixed concrete is batched at the plant but mixed inside the truck. The mixing can happen during transit or just before the concrete is discharged. In this type, the truck rotates at 4 to 16 rpm.

Shrink-mixed concrete is also batched at the plant, but it is only partly mixed there. The truck finishes the mixing while traveling to the site, and it also rotates at 4 to 16 rpm. Ready-mixed concrete is often chosen instead of on-site mixing because controlled batching improves uniformity, agitator trucks help prevent segregation during transport, and it works well for congested sites and for small, intermittent pours.

ASTM C 94-05 gives a time limit for handling this material. The concrete must be discharged before the truck mixer completes 300 revolutions or within 90 minutes from the start of mixing. These limits help protect concrete quality.

How Ready-Mixed Concrete Is Delivered

mixing concrete

Concrete Mixer Types and Capacity

Concrete mixing creates a uniform blend of cement, aggregates, and paste. The goal is to coat the aggregates evenly with cement paste. Mixers used for this job are usually grouped into two main types: batch mixers and continuous mixers. Batch mixers handle one load at a time. They mix the materials thoroughly, discharge the batch, and then receive the next one. Continuous mixers work differently. They take in a steady flow of ingredients, mix them at a constant rate, and discharge the concrete...

mixing time

Concrete Mixer Charging and Timing

Concrete mixer charging and timing are key to making a uniform concrete mix with the needed strength. Mixing begins only after all ingredients are inside the mixer. The usual charging order starts with 10% of the water, then the solid materials are added steadily, followed by 80% of the water. The last portion of water is added later, within the first quarter of the total mixing period. The minimum mixing time depends on mixer capacity. Mixers with up to 1 cubic yard of capacity need at least...

ready mixed concrete

Ready-mixed concrete is prepared at a centralized plant and then delivered by truck to a construction site. It arrives ready for placement, which makes it different from concrete mixed entirely on site. Ready-mixed concrete includes three main forms: central-mixed, truck-mixed, and shrink-mixed. Central-mixed concrete is fully mixed at the plant and carried to the site in agitator trucks. These trucks rotate at 2 to 6 rpm, which helps keep the concrete in motion during transport. Truck-mixed...

pumped concrete

Concrete Pumping for Hard-to-Reach Sites

Concrete pumping moves large amounts of concrete through pipes to places that are hard to reach. It is used for sites such as deep foundation pits and other inaccessible locations. The system includes a hopper, a pump, and pipelines that carry the concrete to the placement point. Direct-acting pumps use a piston to move the concrete. Concrete enters the pump through the inlet valve by gravity and by suction created as the piston moves. The forward movement of the piston then pushes the...

placing concrete

Concrete Placement Methods and Compaction

Concrete placement methods focus on keeping the mix in a uniform shape and position. The concrete is placed as close as possible to its final location to reduce segregation, which is the separation of ingredients. It is then fully compacted to remove trapped air. The next layer is added while the layer below is still plastic, or soft enough to shape. The rate of placing and compacting concrete is kept equal. Concrete is laid in uniform layers, and hand shoveling is avoided. Moving concrete...

vibrating concrete

Concrete Compaction with Vibrators

Concrete compaction with vibrators helps newly poured concrete settle inside formwork and around reinforcement bars. The goal is to remove trapped air pockets and create a dense concrete mass. Mechanical vibration is a key part of that process. One common method uses an internal vibrator, also called a poker vibrator or immersion vibrator. It is quickly inserted through the full depth of the fresh concrete and slightly into the layer below, which is still in a plastic state. The vibrator is...

shotcrete

Shotcrete for Vertical and Overhead Surfaces

Shotcrete is a concrete spraying method used on vertical and overhead surfaces. It uses mortar or small aggregate concrete with a high cement content. The material is sprayed at high velocity, and the impact helps compact it so it can cling without sagging. Builders place shotcrete in layers until it reaches about 4 inches thick. The quality depends strongly on the operator’s skill in managing the nozzle. Careful nozzle control helps the material land evenly and build up properly. Shotcrete...

preplaced aggregate concrete

Concrete Placement for Tight Spaces

Preplaced aggregate concrete is used when a construction site is hard to reach. The process starts by wetting gap-graded coarse aggregates. This helps remove dirt from the stones. The aggregates are then placed in the form and compacted. Next, a mortar mix is pumped under pressure through slotted pipes to fill the spaces between the aggregates. The mortar usually contains Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan reduces bleeding and segregation and...

finishing concrete

Concrete Surface Finishing Steps

Concrete surface finishing begins right after the concrete has been placed and consolidated. The first step is screeding, which levels the surface by removing extra material until it is even with the top of the formwork. A screed is a straight edge used for this leveling step. After screeding, a bull float or darby is used to smooth the surface further. These tools help lower high spots, fill low areas, and push larger aggregate particles deeper into the concrete. This preparation should...

curing of concrete

How Curing Improves Concrete Strength

Curing helps concrete gain strength after it has set. It keeps the concrete moist and at the right temperature so cement hydration can continue. Hydration is the process where cement reacts with water in the water-filled capillary pores and forms the products that fill spaces in the paste. Dry air can interrupt this process by pulling water from the concrete surface. Concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 can also lose water through self-desiccation, which means internal water is used up...

curing methods

Concrete Curing for Moisture Retention

Concrete curing for moisture retention helps fresh concrete keep the water it needs as it hardens. For members with a small surface-to-volume ratio, the forms are often oiled and moistened before the concrete is placed. These forms may stay in place for a long time to reduce moisture loss. If the form material can be wetted, it can also be kept damp. When forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and then covered with polythene sheets. Large horizontal concrete surfaces in dry...

accelerated curing of concrete

How Concrete Gains Strength Faster

Concrete can gain strength faster when heat and extra moisture speed up cement hydration. This faster hydration helps the concrete build early strength sooner than normal curing. The process is used when quicker hardening is needed after casting. One common method is steam curing. Concrete products may move through a chamber on a conveyor belt, or they may be encased in plastic so steam at atmospheric pressure can circulate around them. Steam curing starts with moist curing for about 3 to 5...

key terms and concepts

Learn how ready-mixed concrete is batched, mixed, and transported in trucks, plus the three types and the time limits used to protect quality.

How Ready-Mixed Concrete Is Delivered | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

civil engineering

How Ready-Mixed Concrete Is Delivered

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