Name: gis mapping and spatial analysis
Uploaded: 2025-03-26T15:41:49.000Z
Duration: 1 min 28 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

ohios-learning-standards-and-model-curriculum

Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

9-12

Physical Geology

Plate Tectonics

Plate motion

Introduction to GIS

Geographic Information Systems or GIS are tools designed to store, analyze, and visualize spatial data and related attributes.&#160;GIS supports complex spatial queries and thematic mapping by integrating technologies such as cartography, computer-aided design or CAD, database management systems or DBMS, and remote sensing.GIS transforms raw data into actionable insights, assisting decision-makers in various fields.&#160;For example, housing data containing zip codes, housing types, and areas can be visualized as density maps, using gradients or shading to represent geographic distributions.GIS applications span industries such as urban planning, disaster management, environmental monitoring, and public health.&#160;Urban planners use it for zoning and resource allocation, while emergency responders rely on it for disaster response and routing.&#160;Environmental scientists track ecosystem changes, and epidemiologists analyze disease spread.It also optimizes transportation routes, locates new facilities, and manages infrastructure.As technology advances, GIS is becoming indispensable, providing efficient solutions for real-world problems across numerous disciplines. Its ability to link spatial and attribute data drives impactful decision-making.

introduzione al gis

I sistemi informativi geografici, conosciuti con l&#8217;acronimo GIS (Geographic Information Systems), sono strumenti per archiviare, analizzare e visualizzare dati spaziali insieme ad attributi correlati. A differenza dei sistemi informativi tradizionali che affrontano query generali, il GIS incorpora componenti spaziali, consentendo agli utenti di rispondere a domande come "dove" e "quanto lontano". Ad esempio, il GIS pu&#242; elaborare dati sugli alloggi collegati a posizioni geografiche come i codici postali, consentendo approfondimenti sulla densit&#224; della popolazione o sulla distribuzione degli alloggi tramite mappe tematiche.
Il GIS integra tecnologie come la progettazione assistita da computer, meglio nota come CAD, la cartografia, i sistemi di gestione dei database (DBMS) e il telerilevamento, per gestire efficacemente le query spaziali. Mentre queste tecnologie funzionano in modo indipendente, il GIS combina in modo unico le loro capacit&#224; di analizzare i dati spaziali. Ad esempio, pu&#242; collegare la posizione di una strada ad attributi come i limiti di velocit&#224; o il numero delle corsie, creando visualizzazioni descrittive e consentendo query spaziali complesse.
Le mappe tematiche, un classico prodotto del lavoro con il GIS, trasformano i dati grezzi in informazioni utili e facilmente interpretabili. Ad esempio, i dati sugli alloggi presenti su tutto il territorio della Basilicata possono essere visualizzati utilizzando gradienti di colore o ombreggiature per mostrare la densit&#224; delle abitazioni unifamiliari. Queste visualizzazioni aiutano i decisori a interpretare relazioni e tendenze geografiche in modo pi&#249; efficace rispetto ai soli dati numerici.
Il GIS &#232; ampiamente utilizzato in applicazioni quotidiane come i sistemi di navigazione (ad esempio, Google Maps), che combinano il GIS con il GPS per la navigazione e le indicazioni di viaggio. Oltre alla ci&#242;, il GIS &#232; un valido supporto per gli studi di pianificazione urbana, nella risposta alle emergenze, la gestione ambientale e la salute pubblica, aiutando ad ottimizzare le risorse, prevedere i risultati e risolvere problemi di gestione del territorio.
Il GIS &#232; diventato indispensabile per geometri, ingegneri, geografi e dipendenti pubblici, grazie alla sua capacit&#224; di analizzare e visualizzare informazioni geografiche. A seguito di una diminuzione dei costi dell'hardware e della crescita dei database geografici, il GIS &#232; diventato uno strumento sempre pi&#249; accessibile, cos&#236; da essere utilizzato in diversi settori. Poich&#233; permette di analizzare efficacemente le relazioni spaziali, il GIS &#232; un ottimo supporto nel processo decisionale e nella gestione delle risorse, offrendo soluzioni versatili a problemi concreti. Il suo impatto spazia dall'ottimizzazione dei percorsi degli scuolabus alla gestione dei disastri naturali e all'analisi della diffusione delle malattie.

Introduzione al GIS

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are tools for storing, analyzing, and displaying spatial data alongside related attributes. Unlike traditional ...

Education

Didattica

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

Ingegneria Civile

Unit 1

Unità 1

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Sistemi Informativi Geografici (GIS)

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMINI E CONCETTI CHIAVE

gis mapping and spatial analysis

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used to map, store, and analyze spatial data. Spatial data is information tied to a location. GIS also keeps related attributes, which are details about that location or feature. This lets users ask questions such as where something is and how far apart places are.

GIS can connect many kinds of information to a map. For example, housing data can be linked to zip codes to study population density and housing distribution. The results are often shown with thematic maps, which use colors or shading to display patterns in the data. A South Carolina housing map can, for instance, show the density of single-family dwellings.

GIS brings together several other technologies. These include computer-aided design (CAD), cartography, database management systems (DBMS), and remote sensing. Each tool can work on its own, but GIS combines them to handle spatial questions. It can also link a road’s location to attributes such as speed limits or lane numbers.

These linked data help create clear visualizations and support complex spatial queries. The maps can turn raw numbers into useful insights about geographic relationships and trends. This makes GIS helpful for decision-makers who need more than a table of data. It is also useful in daily life through navigation systems like Google Maps, which combine GIS with GPS for routing and travel directions.

GIS supports many fields beyond navigation. It is used in urban planning, emergency response, environmental management, and public health. It helps people optimize resources, forecast outcomes, and solve spatial problems. Surveyors, engineers, geographers, and public servants rely on GIS because it makes geographic information easier to analyze and explain.

As hardware costs drop and geographic databases grow, GIS has become more accessible. That wider access supports its use across many industries. GIS can help with tasks such as planning school bus routes, managing natural disasters, and studying disease spread. By revealing spatial relationships, it remains a key tool for decision-making and resource management.

GIS Mapping and Spatial Analysis

introduction to gis

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used to map, store, and analyze spatial data. Spatial data is information tied to a location. GIS also keeps related attributes, which are details about that location or feature. This lets users ask questions such as where something is and how far apart places are. GIS can connect many kinds of information to a map. For example, housing data can be linked to zip codes to study population density and housing distribution. The results are often shown with...

thematic layering in gis

GIS Maps for Site Planning

GIS maps help planners organize and compare geographic data for site planning. Before GIS, projects such as schools and public facilities required many separate data sources. Teams had to gather property boundaries, soil characteristics, road networks, zoning rules, and flood zones from courthouses, utility providers, and registry offices. Putting all of that information together often took several months. Geographic Information Systems, or GIS, changed that process. GIS is a computer-based...

levels of use of a gis

GIS for Data, Analysis, and Prediction

Geographic information systems, or GIS, support data management, analysis, and prediction. These three levels show how GIS becomes more powerful as it handles spatial data for different uses. The same system can store information, study patterns, and help estimate future outcomes. At the most basic level, GIS is used for data management. It can input, store, retrieve, and organize spatial data. This is common in infrastructure systems, such as sewer networks. GIS can also keep details like...

selected data about geographic locations

GIS Data Models for Mapping Places

Geographic Information Systems, or GIS, use spatial data and attribute data to map places and features. Spatial data gives the physical location of a feature in a coordinate system, often as latitude and longitude. It helps place roads, rivers, and buildings in the right spot. Attribute data adds details that describe those features. A road, for example, can be mapped by its start and end coordinates, then described by its name, type, surface material, and condition. Together, spatial and...

gis software, hardware, and sources of gis data

gis-software-hardware-and-sources-of-gis-data

GIS Tools, Devices, and Data Sources

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) use software, hardware, and data sources to manage and study spatial information. GIS software helps users move through the system, store spatial and attribute data, and find information quickly. It also includes tools for analysis and display, so users can turn raw data into useful maps and reports. Some GIS programs also add advanced features such as network analysis. Network analysis helps with tasks like routing and logistics. The best software choice...

manipulation and analysis

GIS Spatial Analysis for Planning

GIS spatial analysis supports planning and decision-making by turning map data into useful answers. It includes simple data retrieval, such as selecting records by specific criteria, and more advanced methods for solving spatial problems. These tools help users compare places, measure relationships, and present results clearly. Overlaying is one key GIS method. It combines multiple data layers so users can study how one feature affects another. For example, overlaying a river-dammed lake...

coordinates and map projections

Latitude, Longitude, and Flat Maps

Latitude, longitude, and map projections are the tools cartographers use to place Earth on a map. Latitude tells how far a point is north or south of the equator. Longitude tells how far it is east or west of the prime meridian. Together, they create a grid that can locate any place on Earth and support GPS and other global navigation systems. Map projections solve the problem of showing Earth’s curved surface on a flat page. That change always creates some distortion. Because of that,...

applications of gis: disaster management and emergency response

applications-of-gis-disaster-management-and-emergency-response

GIS for Flood Risk and Relief Planning

Geographic Information System (GIS) technology helps emergency teams plan for floods and other natural disasters. It combines spatial data, which shows where things are, with demographic data, which shows who lives there. This gives planners a clear way to identify risk, choose actions, and use resources well during critical events. GIS can build flood risk maps by layering rainfall intensity, topography, elevation profiles, and river levels. These layers help show areas that may flood because...

design example: alignment of a road line using gis

design-example-alignment-of-a-road-line-using-gis

Using GIS to Compare Road Route Options

GIS can help engineers compare road route options before a road is built. Geographic Information Systems use geospatial data, which is location-based information, to study the land and plan a safe and practical route. The route study starts with data on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. This information is often gathered from satellite imagery and GIS tools. Together, these layers show how the terrain changes across the project area. After the data is...

key terms and concepts

Learn how GIS connects maps, data, and spatial analysis to answer location-based questions. See real uses in mapping, planning, routing, and public health.

GIS Mapping and Spatial Analysis | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

civil engineering

Glacial Geology

Glaciers and glaciation

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

Earth Science

ES.7

ES.7.d

determining-spatial-orientation-rock-layers-with-brunton

Determining Spatial Orientation of Rock Layers with the Brunton Compass

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Most rock units exhibit some form of planar surfaces or linear features. Examples ...

Using GIS to Investigate Urban Forestry

Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University
Urban forests broadly include urban parks, street trees, landscaped ...

Dynamics of Structures

Source:&#160;Roberto Leon, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
It is rare nowadays that a whole year goes by ...

data-processing-methods-for-3d-seismic-imaging-subsurface-volcanoes

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

The morphology and structure of plumbing systems can provide key information on the eruption rate and style of basalt lava fields. The most powerful way ...

Igneous Volcanic Rock

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Igneous rocks are the products of cooling and crystallization of magma. Volcanic rocks ...

Making a Geologic Cross Section

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Geologic maps were first made and utilized in Europe, in the mid-to-late 18th century. ...

using-topographic-maps-to-generate-topographic-profiles

Using Topographic Maps to Generate Topographic Profiles

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Topographic maps are &#34;plan-view&#34; representations of Earth&#39;s ...

Energy and Power of a Wave

The total energy associated with a wavelength is the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy. The average rate of energy transfer associated ...

using-generative-art-to-convey-past-and-future-climate-transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

The ability to understand modern day climate relies on a foundational understanding of past climate variability and the ways in which the planet is ...

an-overview-of-alkenone-biomarker-analysis-for-paleothermometry

An Overview of Alkenone Biomarker Analysis for Paleothermometry

Source: Laboratory of Jeff Salacup&#160;- University of Massachusetts Amherst
Throughout this series of videos, natural samples were extracted and ...

Reflection of Waves

When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at ...

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second ...

Reflection and Refraction

Source: Derek Wilson,&#160;Asantha Cooray, PhD, Department of Physics &#38; Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA
...

Internal Earth
• Seismic waves
    ◦ S and P waves
    ◦ Velocities, reflection, refraction of waves

Content elaboration: This unit builds upon a variety of topics studied in middle school. In the Earth and Space Science strand, plate tectonics is studied in grade 8. Topics include plate motion (evidence and causes, characteristics of oceanic and continental plates), seismic waves, continental drift, seafloor spreading, the structure of Earth's surface and interior (including specific layers) and paleomagnetism. In the Life Science strand, fossils and depositional environments are included. In the Physical Science strand, density, convection, conductivity, motion, kinetic energy, radiometric dating, seismic waves, thermal energy, pressure and gravity are explored. In this course, Earth's interior and plate tectonics are investigated at greater depth using models, simulations, actual seismic data, real-time data, satellite data and remote sensing. Relationships between energy, tectonic activity levels and earthquake or volcano predictions, and calculations to obtain the magnitude, focus and epicenter of an earthquake are included. Evidence and data analysis are key in understanding this part of the Earth system. For example, GIS/GPS and/or satellite data provide evidence for moving plates and changing landscapes (due to tectonic activity). The causes for plate motion, the evidence of moving plates and the results of plate tectonics must be related to Earth's past, present and future. The use of evidence to support conclusions and predictions pertaining to plate motion is an important part of this unit.

Internal Earth

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions

Consider an external electric field propagating through a homogeneous medium. When the electric field crosses the surface boundary of the medium, it ...

Gravity between Spherical Bodies

Newton&#39;s law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, ...

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among ...

The Soil Ecosystem

Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not ...

Igneous Intrusive Rock

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Igneous rocks are products of the cooling and crystallization of high temperature ...

What are Biogeochemical Cycles?

The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited ...

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

Source: Ketron Mitchell-Wynne, PhD,&#160;Asantha Cooray, PhD, Department of Physics &#38; Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of ...

Newton's Law of Gravitation

Our everyday observation tells us that all objects close to the Earth naturally tend to fall to the ground. Early philosophers assumed that this downward ...

Structure of Earth (Note: specific layers were part of grade 8)
• Asthenosphere
• Lithosphere
• Mohorovicic boundary (Moho)
• Composition of each of the layers of Earth
• Gravity, magnetism and isostasy
• Thermal energy (geothermal gradient and heat flow)

Content elaboration: This unit builds upon a variety of topics studied in middle school. In the Earth and Space Science strand, plate tectonics is studied in grade 8. Topics include plate motion (evidence and causes, characteristics of oceanic and continental plates), seismic waves, continental drift, seafloor spreading, the structure of Earth's surface and interior (including specific layers) and paleomagnetism. In the Life Science strand, fossils and depositional environments are included. In the Physical Science strand, density, convection, conductivity, motion, kinetic energy, radiometric dating, seismic waves, thermal energy, pressure and gravity are explored. In this course, Earth's interior and plate tectonics are investigated at greater depth using models, simulations, actual seismic data, real-time data, satellite data and remote sensing. Relationships between energy, tectonic activity levels and earthquake or volcano predictions, and calculations to obtain the magnitude, focus and epicenter of an earthquake are included. Evidence and data analysis are key in understanding this part of the Earth system. For example, GIS/GPS and/or satellite data provide evidence for moving plates and changing landscapes (due to tectonic activity). The causes for plate motion, the evidence of moving plates and the results of plate tectonics must be related to Earth's past, present and future. The use of evidence to support conclusions and predictions pertaining to plate motion is an important part of this unit.

Structure of Earth

an-overview-of-bgdgt-biomarker-analysis-for-paleoclimatology

An Overview of bGDGT Biomarker Analysis for Paleoclimatology

sonication-extraction-of-lipid-biomarkers-from-sediment

Sonication Extraction of Lipid Biomarkers from Sediment

Source: Laboratory of Jeff Salacup&#160;- University of Massachusetts Amherst
The material comprising the living &#34;organic&#34; share of any ecosystem ...

soxhlet-extraction-of-lipid-biomarkers-from-sediment

Soxhlet Extraction of Lipid Biomarkers from Sediment

Source: Laboratory of Jeff Salacup&#160;- University of Massachusetts Amherst
Every lab needs standards that track the performance, accuracy, and ...

extraction-of-biomarkers-from-sediments-accelerated-solvent-extraction

Extraction of Biomarkers from Sediments - Accelerated Solvent Extraction

Source: Laboratory of Jeff Salacup&#160;- University of Massachusetts Amherst
The distribution of a group of organic biomarkers called glycerol-dialkyl ...

conversion-fatty-acid-methyl-esters-saponification-for-uk-37

Conversion of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Saponification for Uk'37 Paleothermometry

Source: Laboratory of Jeff Salacup&#160;- University of Massachusetts Amherst
The product of an organic solvent extraction, a total lipid extract (TLE), ...

Historical review (Note: this would include a review of continental drift and seafloor spreading found in grade 8)
• Paleomagnetism and magnetic anomalies
• Paleoclimatology

Content elaboration: This unit builds upon a variety of topics studied in middle school. In the Earth and Space Science strand, plate tectonics is studied in grade 8. Topics include plate motion (evidence and causes, characteristics of oceanic and continental plates), seismic waves, continental drift, seafloor spreading, the structure of Earth's surface and interior (including specific layers) and paleomagnetism. In the Life Science strand, fossils and depositional environments are included. In the Physical Science strand, density, convection, conductivity, motion, kinetic energy, radiometric dating, seismic waves, thermal energy, pressure and gravity are explored. In this course, Earth's interior and plate tectonics are investigated at greater depth using models, simulations, actual seismic data, real-time data, satellite data and remote sensing. Relationships between energy, tectonic activity levels and earthquake or volcano predictions, and calculations to obtain the magnitude, focus and epicenter of an earthquake are included. Evidence and data analysis are key in understanding this part of the Earth system. For example, GIS/GPS and/or satellite data provide evidence for moving plates and changing landscapes (due to tectonic activity). The causes for plate motion, the evidence of moving plates and the results of plate tectonics must be related to Earth's past, present and future. The use of evidence to support conclusions and predictions pertaining to plate motion is an important part of this unit.

Historical review

Selected Data About Geographic Locations

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical ...

introduction-to-global-positioning-system

Introduction to Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS) revolutionized positioning on Earth, providing precise location data through satellite ranging. The GPS system was ...

Plate motion (Note: introduced in grade 8)
• Causes and evidence of plate motion
• Measuring plate motion
• Characteristics of oceanic and continental plates
• Relationship of plate movement and geologic events
• Mantle plumes

Content elaboration: This unit builds upon a variety of topics studied in middle school. In the Earth and Space Science strand, plate tectonics is studied in grade 8. Topics include plate motion (evidence and causes, characteristics of oceanic and continental plates), seismic waves, continental drift, seafloor spreading, the structure of Earth's surface and interior (including specific layers) and paleomagnetism. In the Life Science strand, fossils and depositional environments are included. In the Physical Science strand, density, convection, conductivity, motion, kinetic energy, radiometric dating, seismic waves, thermal energy, pressure and gravity are explored. In this course, Earth's interior and plate tectonics are investigated at greater depth using models, simulations, actual seismic data, real-time data, satellite data and remote sensing. Relationships between energy, tectonic activity levels and earthquake or volcano predictions, and calculations to obtain the magnitude, focus and epicenter of an earthquake are included. Evidence and data analysis are key in understanding this part of the Earth system. For example, GIS/GPS and/or satellite data provide evidence for moving plates and changing landscapes (due to tectonic activity). The causes for plate motion, the evidence of moving plates and the results of plate tectonics must be related to Earth's past, present and future. The use of evidence to support conclusions and predictions pertaining to plate motion is an important part of this unit.

GIS Mapping and Spatial Analysis

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