Name: constant-acceleration kinematics formulas
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T10:50:43.000Z
Duration: 1 min 18 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Physics

motion-and-stability-forces-and-interactions

Motion and Stability- Forces and Interactions

PS.Phy.1.1

Kinematic Equations - III

1 番目と 2 番目の運動方程式はどちらも変数として時間を持ちます。
3 番目の方程式は時間に依存せず、変数 displacement、x velocity、constant x acceleration の関係が含まれています。
運動学の最初の方程式は、時間の式を得るために再配置されます。さらに、この時間式は、運動学の 2 番目の方程式に代入されます。項 x0 を左辺にシフトし、両側に 2ax を掛けます。さらに単純化すると、最終速度の 2 乗に初速度の 2 乗を加算した値に加速度の 2 倍を加算した値に、最終距離と初期距離の差を掛けた値に等しくなる式が得られます。これが3番目の運動方程式です。
4 番目の運動方程式は一定の x 加速度を伴わず、前に導入した平均 x 速度の 2 つの式を同等にすることで取得できます。次に、両側に時間tが乗算されます。これにより、最終距離と初期距離の差は、初期時間と最終時間での x 速度に時間 t を掛けた平均に等しいという関係が得られます。

運動方程式 - iii

最初の 2 つの運動方程式は変数として時間を持ちますが、3 番目の運動方程式は時間に依存しません。 この方程式は、最終速度を加速度および移動距離の関数として表します。 4 番目の運動方程式には加速度項がなく、 時間 t における物体の最終位置を、初速度と最終速度の関数として求めます。この方程式は、一定の加速度の値が不明な場合に役立ちます。

運動方程式を使用すると、物体の動きに関する記述情報を取得できます。 また、運動学の発展過程を通じて、正しい答えを導くだけでなく、物理的な関係に対する洞察を深めるための一般的な問題解決のアプローチを学ぶことができます。 これらの方程式とそれに関連する問題解決戦略は、加速度が一定である場合にのみ適用可能です。 物体の加速度が一定でない場合、物体のダイナミクスを解決するには別のアプローチが必要です。

運動方程式の適用可能性は 1 次元の動きに限定されません。 物体の加速度が一定であれば、これらの方程式をより高次元の運動へと一般化することが可能です。同様に、物体の角加速度が一定である場合、適切な物理量を用いることで回転運動にも一般化できます。

このテキストは <a href="https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-1/pages/3-4-motion-with-constant-acceleration">Openstax, University Physics Volume 1, Section 3.4: Motion with Constant Acceleration.</a> から編集されたものです。

運動方程式 - III

最初の 2 つの運動方程式には変数として時間がありますが、3 番目の運動方程式は時間に依存しません。この方程式は最終速度を表します...

Education

JoVE Core

物理学

Unit 1

ユニット1

Motion Along a Straight Line

直線運動

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

主要用語と概念

constant-acceleration kinematics formulas

Constant-acceleration kinematics formulas connect an object’s motion when acceleration stays the same. They help describe how velocity and position change over time. These equations are useful for solving motion problems and for understanding the relationships among distance, time, velocity, and acceleration.

The third kinematic equation does not use time as a variable. Instead, it gives final velocity in terms of acceleration and the distance over which that acceleration acts. The fourth kinematic equation does not include acceleration. It gives the final position of an object at time t in terms of the initial and final velocities, so it is useful when the value of the constant acceleration is unknown.

These kinematic equations also show a general problem-solving method in physics. That method can lead to correct answers and to a better understanding of how physical quantities are related. The equations work only when acceleration is constant. If acceleration changes, a different approach is needed.

The same equations are not limited to motion in one straight line. They can be extended to motion in higher dimensions as long as acceleration remains constant. They can also be adapted for rotational motion by using quantities that describe rotation, provided the angular acceleration is constant.

Constant-Acceleration Kinematics Formulas

constant-acceleration-kinematics-formulas

position and displacement

Reference Frames and Motion in a Line

Position in straight-line motion depends on a frame of reference. A frame of reference is an arbitrary set of axes used to describe an object’s position and motion. It gives meaning to where something is located at a particular time. Earth is often used as the reference frame. In that case, we describe an object’s position relative to stationary objects on Earth. A rocket launch can be described this way. A cyclist’s position can also be described relative to the buildings they pass. <br...

average velocity

Average Velocity and Average Speed

Average velocity and average speed help describe motion in kinematics. To compare motion over time, we use the time variable. Time lets us track an object’s position and how fast that position changes. For motion between two points, each position x_i is paired with a time t_i. When the details of motion at each instant are not important, we use average velocity. Average velocity is a vector quantity, so it includes direction. It is found by dividing total displacement, Δx, by the time...

instantaneous velocity - i

Instantaneous Speed and Direction

Instantaneous velocity describes how fast an object is moving at a specific instant. It gives the motion of a particle at one point in time or at one point along its path. Average velocity over a time interval cannot show this level of detail. Instantaneous velocity, often written as v x , is the limit of average velocity as the elapsed time approaches zero. It can also be found as the derivative of x with respect to t . Like average velocity, it is a vector with dimensions of length per unit...

instantaneous velocity - ii

Instantaneous Velocity from Position Graphs

Instantaneous velocity describes how fast an object is moving at a specific moment along its path. It is the limit of average velocity as the elapsed time approaches zero. It can also be written as the derivative of displacement with respect to time. Like average velocity, instantaneous velocity is a vector, so it has both size and direction. Its units are length per unit time. Instantaneous velocity can be positive or negative. A position-time graph can show it at any point on the motion...

average acceleration

Average Acceleration and Velocity Change

Average acceleration describes how velocity changes over time. In physics, acceleration is not just about speeding up. It also includes slowing down and changing direction. Since velocity is a vector, it has both magnitude and direction. A change in velocity can come from a change in speed, a change in direction, or both. For example, a runner may travel at 10 km/h due east, stop, reverse direction, and then continue at 10 km/h due west. Even though the speed is the same, the velocity has...

instantaneous acceleration

Negative Acceleration and Instant Speed Change

Acceleration shows how velocity changes, and it does not always point in the same direction as motion. When an object slows down, its acceleration points opposite to its motion. This is often called deceleration, but that term can cause confusion because deceleration is not a vector and does not point in a specific direction in a coordinate system. A subway train is a simple example. When the train slows down, it is still accelerating, but the acceleration points opposite to the direction it...

kinematic equations - i

Velocity from Constant Acceleration

Velocity from constant acceleration shows how an object’s speed and direction change when the acceleration stays the same. The first kinematic equation connects initial velocity, acceleration, and time for motion with constant acceleration. It helps describe how velocity changes at a steady rate throughout the motion. The equation matches common sense in several cases. If acceleration is zero, the final velocity is the same as the initial velocity, so the object keeps a constant velocity. If...

kinematic equations - ii

Using the Second Kinematic Equation

The second kinematic equation relates an object’s final position to its initial position, its starting velocity, and the extra distance gained as velocity changes. It is used only when acceleration stays constant during the motion. That makes it useful for straight-line motion problems with a steady rate of acceleration. A car merging onto a 200 m freeway ramp is a good example. In the example, the car starts at 10 m/s and accelerates at 2 m/s². The known values are the distance, the initial...

kinematic equations - iii

Constant-acceleration kinematics formulas connect an object’s motion when acceleration stays the same. They help describe how velocity and position change over time. These equations are useful for solving motion problems and for understanding the relationships among distance, time, velocity, and acceleration. The third kinematic equation does not use time as a variable. Instead, it gives final velocity in terms of acceleration and the distance over which that acceleration acts. The fourth...

kinematic equations: problem solving

Solving Constant Acceleration Motion Problems

Solving one-dimensional motion problems with constant acceleration starts with identifying the known quantities and choosing the right kinematic equation. A kinematic equation is a motion formula that relates displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time. Depending on what is known and unknown, you may need one equation or two equations to find the answer. In many problems, the number of equations needed matches the number of unknowns. Two-body pursuit problems are different. They always...

free-falling bodies: introduction

Gravity and Free-Fall Motion

Gravity and free-fall motion explain how objects move when only Earth’s gravity acts on them. In free-fall, the motion is caused by gravitational force, and air resistance is neglected. This means the object accelerates toward Earth’s center. This result is surprising because everyday experience includes friction and air resistance. We often expect lighter objects to fall more slowly than heavier ones. People held that idea until Galileo Galilei proved that mass does not change the...

free-falling bodies: example

Gravity-Driven Free Fall Motion

Gravity-driven free fall motion is the motion of an object when gravity is the only force acting on it and air resistance is absent. In this case, the object is in free-fall. The acceleration due to gravity stays constant, no matter how much the object weighs. Free-fall is not limited to objects moving straight down. It also includes motion that is affected only by gravity. Because the acceleration is constant, the motion can be described with kinematic equations. Objects dropped from the...

velocity and position by graphical method

velocity-and-position-by-graphical-method

Acceleration Graphs for Motion Prediction

Acceleration graphs can be used to find velocity and position over time. The area under an acceleration-time graph gives the change in velocity. The area under a velocity-time graph gives the change in position, or displacement. A real example is an airplane using an inertial navigation system. Before takeoff, the pilot enters the airplane’s initial position and velocity. The system then uses acceleration data to calculate the airplane’s velocity and position during flight. When acceleration...

velocity and position by integral method

Finding Motion from Acceleration Data

Velocity and position can be found from acceleration using integral calculus. When acceleration is known as a function of time, the velocity function comes from integrating acceleration. The position function then comes from integrating velocity. For constant acceleration, these integral steps match the first and second kinematic equations for velocity and position. The example in this lesson uses a motorboat that is moving at 5.0 m/s and then begins to slow down as it approaches the dock. Its...

key terms and concepts

Explore kinematic equations for constant acceleration, including time-free formulas, final velocity, final position, and extensions to higher and rotational motion.

Constant-Acceleration Kinematics Formulas | JoVE K12

physics

JoVE Core 物理学は、運動学、力学、流体力学、静力学、波動、音響などの基礎的な物理学の理論と応用を、簡潔でわかりやすいアニメーション ビデオで紹介します。さらに、科学者の実際のビデオでは、世界中の今日の研究所で行われている古典的および独自の研究実験における関連概念の適用を示しています。

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Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

Motion

Problem Solving

Tennessee Academic Standards

High School

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

PHYS.PS2.2

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

Physical Science

PS.8

PS.8.a

PH.2

PH.2.b

Alabama Course of Study Science

9-12.P.1.1.b

9-12.P.1.1.d

Florida Department of Education

SC.912.P.12

SC.912.P.12.2

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

PHYS.5

PHYS.5.C

Georgia Standards of Excellence

SP1.

kinematic-equations-for-one-dimensional-motion

Kinematic Equations for One-Dimensional Motion

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To calculate the other physical quantities in kinematics, we must introduce the time variable. The time variable allows us not only to state the position ...

Instantaneous Velocity - I

The average velocity during a time interval cannot tell us how fast or in what direction a particle is moving at any given time during the interval. To ...

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Instantaneous velocity is the quantity that measures how fast an object is moving along its path. In other words, the instantaneous velocity of an object ...

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Instantaneous Acceleration

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Kinematic Equations - I

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Kinematic Equations - II

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average-and-instantaneous-velocity-vectors

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PS.Phy.1.2

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Use free body models to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze systems of forces in one dimension and two dimensions.

PS.Phy.2.1

Newton's First Law: Introduction

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Newton's First Law: Application

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Internal and External Forces

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Newton's Second Law

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Weightlessness

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first-law-particles-in-one-dimensional-equilibrium

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first-law-particles-in-two-dimensional-equilibrium

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Tension

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Carry out investigations to explain the interactions of forces on an object according to Newton's Laws of Motion.

PS.Phy.2.2

Analyze the motion of objects using time, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration.

Constant-Acceleration Kinematics Formulas

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