Name: wind turbine types and generator control
Uploaded: 2024-11-21T14:54:38.000Z
Duration: 1 min 24 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Earth Systems Science

112.49.c.12.

112.49.c.12.E.

Wind Turbine Machine Models

風力タービンには4つのタイプがあります。タイプ1および2は誘導機モデルで、固定子巻線が磁場と回転子の間の相対運動を介してAC回転子電流を誘導します。
単位あたりの同期速度とローター速度の差は、スリップとして定量化されます。
このモデルには、固定子抵抗と過渡リアクタンスの背後にある等価電圧が含まれています。
過渡安定性の初期条件は、2つの微分方程式をゼロに設定し、電力潮流の有効電力注入と端子電圧を入力として使用することによって決定されます。
生成される負の無効電力は、誘導機による消費電力を示しています。
タイプ1のタービンは抵抗が固定されたかご形ローターを、タイプ2はローターの抵抗を調整するための制御システムを備えた巻線ローター誘導機を採用しています。
タイプ3風力タービンは、Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Generatorsとも呼ばれ、巻線型ローター誘導機を使用しています。
ローター巻線は、AC-DC-ACコンバーターを介してACネットワークに接続され、実際の電力と無効電力を別々に制御できます。
タイプ4タービンは、機械の出力がAC-DC-ACコンバータを介してACネットワークに接続する完全非同期設計を採用しています。

過渡安定性とシステム制御

成長を続ける風力エネルギーの分野では、過渡安定性解析に風力タービンモデルを組み込むことが不可欠です。誘導機と同期機が主に使用されるモデルで、誘導機はシンプルさと信頼性から広く使用されています。 
誘導機は、固定子と回転子によって生成される回転磁界を介して相互作用します。重要なパラメータはスリップです。これは、同期速度と同期速度に対する回転子速度の差です。スリップは同期速度ではゼロ、モータ駆動時は正、発電時は負です。機械力学には、慣性定数 (H) とトルク差 (T_m−T_e) が関係します。 
シングルケージ誘導機の簡略化された電気モデルは、固定子抵抗と過渡リアクタンスの背後の等価電圧を表します。主要なパラメータには、回転子の開回路時定数と、漏れリアクタンスと磁化リアクタンスから得られる同期リアクタンスが含まれます。 
電気トルクと端子実効電力注入は、機械の内部電圧と電流によって決まります。誘導機は通常、無効電力を消費し、負の値で示されます。 
風力タービンモデルには 4 つの型があります。 
1 型と 2型: これらのモデルは誘導発電機を使用します。1 型は固定ローター抵抗を持ちますが、2 型は可変ローター抵抗を使用して制御を向上させ、機械の時定数と出力に影響を及ぼします。 
3 型および 4 型: これらの高度なモデル (二重給電非同期発電機およびフルコンバータシステム) では、有効電力と無効電力の両方を制御できます。3 型では、コンバータを使用してローター電流を制御し、広い速度範囲を実現します。4 型では、発電機をグリッドから切り離し、柔軟な制御を提供し、タービンのダイナミクスとの機械的結合を排除します。 
風力タービン機械モデルを理解するには、正確な安定性分析のために電気部品と機械部品の相互作用を分析する必要があります。

風力タービンには4つのタイプがあります。タイプ1および2は誘導機モデルで、固定子巻線が相対運動を介してAC回転子電流を誘導します...

Education

JoVE Core

Electrical Engineering

電気工学

Unit 1

ユニット1

Transient Stability and System Controls

過渡安定度とシステム制御

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

主要用語と概念

wind turbine types and generator control

Wind turbine machine models are used to study how wind turbines behave in transient stability analysis. In this setting, induction machines and synchronous machines are the main model types. Induction machines are common because they are simple and reliable.

Induction machines work through the rotating magnetic field made by the stator and rotor. A key term is slip, which is the difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed relative to synchronous speed. Slip is zero at synchronous speed, positive during motoring, and negative during generating.

The mechanical side of the model uses the inertia constant, H, and the torque difference between mechanical torque, Tm, and electrical torque, Te. A simplified single-cage induction machine model shows an equivalent voltage behind stator resistance and transient reactance. Other important parameters include the rotor open-circuit time constant and the synchronous reactance, which comes from leakage reactance and magnetizing reactance.

Electrical torque and terminal real power injection depend on the machine’s internal voltages and currents. Induction machines usually consume reactive power, so this value is negative. Wind turbine models are grouped into four types, and each type handles control in a different way.

Type 1 and Type 2 models use induction generators. Type 1 has fixed rotor resistance. Type 2 uses variable rotor resistance, which improves control and changes the machine time constant and power output. Type 3 and Type 4 are more advanced. Type 3 is a doubly-fed asynchronous generator that uses converters to control rotor current and supports a wide speed range. Type 4 is a full converter system that decouples the generator from the grid, gives flexible real and reactive power control, and removes the mechanical link to turbine dynamics.

Wind Turbine Types and Generator Control

the swing equation

Generator Rotor Motion and the Swing Equation

Generator rotor motion is described by the Swing Equation in power system dynamics. It is used to study generating units such as three-phase synchronous generators. The equation comes from Newton’s second law applied to the generator rotor. It links inertia, angular acceleration, and the balance between mechanical and electrical torques. In steady-state operation, the mechanical torque supplied to the generator is equal to the electrical torque produced by the generator. When these torques...

simplified synchronous machine model

Transient Stability in Synchronous Generators

The synchronous machine model helps students analyze transient stability in power systems. It represents a synchronous generator under balanced three-phase positive-sequence conditions. The model assumes constant excitation and ignores losses and saturation. These simplifications make it easier to study how a generator behaves during a disturbance. In this setup, the generator is connected to a network of transmission lines, transformers, loads, and other machines. That larger system is often...

multimachine stability

Power-System Stability in Multi-Machine Networks

Power-system stability in multi-machine networks focuses on how several synchronous machines behave as they stay connected to an N-bus power system. The analysis solves the swing equations for the machines and tracks how the network responds when conditions change. It is used to study transient stability, which is the system’s ability to stay in step after a disturbance. The network is written with nodal equations that link bus voltages, machine voltages, and machine currents. In this model, V...

wind turbine machine models

Wind turbine machine models are used to study how wind turbines behave in transient stability analysis. In this setting, induction machines and synchronous machines are the main model types. Induction machines are common because they are simple and reliable. Induction machines work through the rotating magnetic field made by the stator and rotor. A key term is slip, which is the difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed relative to synchronous speed. Slip is zero at synchronous...

generator voltage control

Voltage Regulation in Generators and Wind Turbines

Generator voltage regulation helps keep synchronous generators and wind turbines working stably. Older systems use a DC generator driven by the rotor to supply DC power to the rotor field winding. That power is passed through slip rings and brushes. Newer systems use static exciters or brushless exciters. A static exciter rectifies AC power from the generator terminals and sends DC power directly to the rotor. A brushless exciter uses an inverted synchronous generator, takes AC power from...

turbine-governor control

How Turbine Governors Stabilize Power Output

Turbine-governor control helps keep generator frequency and rotor speed stable when electrical load changes. It does this by matching turbine mechanical power with the power demand on the system. In a power grid, that balance is important for steady operation. Turbine-generator units also store kinetic energy because their parts are rotating. When load increases, that stored energy is released to help meet the demand. At first, electrical torque rises while mechanical torque stays nearly...

load-frequency control

Load-frequency control in power grids

Load-frequency control keeps a power grid stable when electrical demand changes. It helps keep system frequency and power flow within acceptable limits. Turbine-governor control reduces rotor speed changes after a load shift, but a steady-state frequency error can still remain when the turbine-governor reference setting does not change. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through tie-lines, which are the transmission lines that...

key terms and concepts

Learn how wind turbine models use induction and synchronous machines, slip, torque, and converter control to explain Types 1–4 and grid behavior.

Wind Turbine Types and Generator Control | JoVE K12

JoVE Core 電気工学 は、電気回路の基本概念と回路解析テクニックを網羅したアニメーションビデオシリーズです。オペアンプと回路変換および 1 次・ 2 次回路の概念を網羅しています。実験を撮影した実写動画では、設計例や現代社会での応用が含まれており、複雑な概念も分かりやすく学習いただけます。

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Wind Turbine Types and Generator Control

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