Name: integrins in cell adhesion
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T11:54:12.000Z
Duration: 1 min 10 s
Channel: JoVE

인테그린(Integrin)은 세포-접착 수용체(cell-adhesion receptor)의 일종으로, 세포외 기질(extracellular matrix) 또는 ECM의 리간드(ligand)에 결합하여 세포-기질 접착을 매개합니다.
활성 상태와 비활성 상태 사이를 전환합니다. 활성 형태에서는 세포골격을 세포외 기질에 연결하는 기계적 링커 역할을 합니다.
인테그린은 비공유 결합 알파 및 베타 당단백질 소단위로 구성되어 막관통 이질이량체를 형성합니다.
베타 소단위체(beta subunit)의 세포 내 C-말단 꼬리(intracellular C-terminal tail)는 탈린(talin) 및 팍실린(paxillin)과 같은 어댑터 단백질을 통해 세포질의 액틴 필라멘트와 상호 작용합니다. 인테그린의 큰 N-말단 세포외 도메인은 피브로넥틴의 RGD 서열과 같은 ECM 단백질의 특정 아미노산 서열 모티프에 결합합니다.
형성된 접착 복합체는 효과기 단백질의 도움으로 원형질막을 가로질러 양방향으로 신호를 전달하여 세포 운동성, 성장 및 생존을 촉진합니다.

<ol>
	<li>David G. Menter, Raymond N. DuBois, "Prostaglandins in Cancer Cell Adhesion, Migration, and Invasion", International Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 2012, Article ID 723419, 21 pages, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/723419</li>
	<li>Humphries, J. D., Byron, A., & Humphries, M. J. (2006). Integrin 리간드를 한 눈에 볼 수 있습니다. 세포 과학 저널, 119(19), 3901-3903.</li>
	<li>험프리스, MJ (2000). 인테그린 구조. 생화학 학회 거래, 28(4), 311-340.</li>
</ol>

인테그린

Integrins

동물과 원생동물 세포에는 모양을 유지하고 구조적 안정성을 제공하는 데 도움이 되는 세포벽이 없습니다. 대신, 이 진핵 세포는 끈적끈적한 덩어리의 탄수화물과 단백질을 인접한 세포 사이의 공간으로 분비합니다. 이러한 단백질과 분자 네트워크를 세포외 기질 또는 ECM이라고 합니다.

일부 ECM 단백질은 나머지 구성 요소가 부착되는 기저막으로 조립됩니다. 프로테오글리칸은 일반적으로 ECM의 대부분을 형성하는 반면 콜라겐과 같은 섬유질 단백질은 강도를 제공합니다. 프로테오글리칸과 콜라겐은 모두 피브로넥틴 단백질에 부착되고, 이는 차례로 인테그린이라는 통합막 단백질에 부착됩니다.

포유류 인테그린은 α 및 β 당단백질 하위 단위로 구성된 이종이합체 막횡단 접착 수용체입니다. 18개의 서로 다른 α-사슬 유전자와 8개의 서로 다른 β-사슬 유전자가 다양한 조합으로 이량체화되어 척추동물에 특이적인 24가지 유형의 인테그린이 생성됩니다. 이는 막에 걸쳐 있으며 세포질과 ECM의 단백질과 상호 작용합니다. α 소단위에는 7개의 블레이드가 있는 β-프로펠러 헤드 도메인이 포함되어 있고 β 소단위에는 I형 헤드 도메인이 있습니다. 함께 이는 리간드를 묶습니다. 리간드 결합 헤드는 각 하위 단위에서 하나씩 두 개의 다리 모양 구조에 연결됩니다. β 소단위는 세포골격 단백질과 상호작용하여 세포 안팎으로 신호를 전달하는 데 도움을 줍니다.

동물과 원생동물 세포에는 형태를 유지하고 구조적 안정성을 제공하는 데 도움이 되는 세포벽이 없습니다. 대신, 이러한 진핵 세포는 ...

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Cell Biology

세포생물학

Unit 1

제1단원

Cell-Matrix Interactions

세포-기질 상호작용

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

integrins in cell adhesion

Integrins help animal and protozoan cells attach to the extracellular matrix, or ECM. These cells do not have cell walls, so the ECM helps maintain shape and provide structural stability. The ECM is a sticky network of carbohydrates and proteins found between adjacent cells.

Some ECM proteins form a basement membrane, and other ECM parts adhere to it. Proteoglycans make up much of the ECM, while fibrous proteins such as collagen give it strength. Fibronectin connects proteoglycans and collagen to integral membrane proteins called integrins.

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane adhesion receptors in mammals. That means each receptor has two different glycoprotein subunits, an alpha subunit and a beta subunit. Eighteen alpha-chain genes and eight beta-chain genes can pair in different ways to make 24 vertebrate integrins.

These receptors span the cell membrane and link the ECM to the cytosol. The alpha subunit has a seven-bladed beta-propeller head domain, and the beta subunit has an I-like head domain. Together, these head domains bind ligand, and the two leg-like parts connect the head to the membrane.

The beta subunit also interacts with a cytoskeletal protein. This helps integrins transmit signals into and out of the cell. Their structure and connections make them important for adhesion and communication in cells that rely on the ECM.

Integrins in Cell Adhesion

overview of cell-matrix interactions

ECM Proteins and Cell Signaling

The extracellular matrix, or ECM, is the material that helps hold cells together in a tissue. It also lets cells in that tissue communicate with one another. The ECM contains proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, and laminin. Collagen is the most abundant protein in this space. Collagen fibers are woven together with proteoglycans, which are protein molecules with carbohydrates attached. This mix gives the ECM its structure. It also supports cell migration and provides a scaffold for cell...

integrins

Integrins help animal and protozoan cells attach to the extracellular matrix, or ECM. These cells do not have cell walls, so the ECM helps maintain shape and provide structural stability. The ECM is a sticky network of carbohydrates and proteins found between adjacent cells. Some ECM proteins form a basement membrane, and other ECM parts adhere to it. Proteoglycans make up much of the ECM, while fibrous proteins such as collagen give it strength. Fibronectin connects proteoglycans and collagen...

activation of integrins

How Integrins Link Cells to Their Environment

Integrins help cells connect with their environment and send signals across the cell membrane. They can carry information from outside the cell to the inside, or from inside the cell to the outside. These two paths are called outside-in signaling and inside-out signaling. In outside-in signaling, molecules in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand-binding sites on integrins. A ligand is a molecule that binds to a protein. This binding makes the inactive integrin change shape and become...

intracellular signaling affects focal adhesions

intracellular-signaling-affects-focal-adhesions

Integrins Trigger Focal Adhesion Signaling

Integrins trigger focal adhesion signaling at the cell membrane. These membrane receptors sit in the phospholipid bilayer with hydrophobic regions that match the membrane interior. They provide attachment sites for outside signals such as hormones and growth factors. When these effectors bind and become active, integrins can start response pathways inside the cell. Some integrin-driven pathways support cell growth and help cells survive. The signal begins at the membrane, but G-proteins and...

anchoring junctions

Cell Adhesion in Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and to the extracellular matrix. They sit on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells. These junctions create strong, flexible links that help maintain tissue stability and integrity. Focal adhesions often form when cells interact with the extracellular matrix, or ECM, substrata. These contacts can start signal transduction through kinase cascades and other pathways. Together, these junctions help cells stay...

cell-matrix's response to mechanical forces

cell-matrix-s-response-to-mechanical-forces

Focal Adhesions and Cell Mechanics

Focal adhesions help animal cells connect to the extracellular matrix and sense mechanical forces. The extracellular matrix, or ECM, sits outside cells and helps tissues withstand stress. It also sends signals from outside the cell to the inside. The ECM is large and its makeup changes from one tissue to another. In loose connective tissue, reticular fibers and ground substance form the ECM. In bone tissue, collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM. Anchoring junctions hold a cell to the...

key terms and concepts

Learn how integrins connect the extracellular matrix to the cell membrane, support cell shape, and help transmit signals in animal and protozoan cells.

Integrins in Cell Adhesion | JoVE K12

cell biology

JoVE Core Cell Biology illustrates complex cellular processes in easy-to-understand yet comprehensive animated video lessons. This collection focuses on the essential components and functions of cells, including organelles and membranes, cellular transport, and cell energetics. It is complemented by scientist-in-action videos that demonstrate the application of cell biology in real-world research experiments.

Integrins in Cell Adhesion

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