Name: cell adhesion in anchoring junctions
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T11:54:35.000Z
Duration: 1 min 3 s
Channel: JoVE

세포는 서로 다른 접착 복합체를 통해 ECM 및 다른 세포와 연결되며, 이를 통칭하여 앵커링 접합(anchoring junction)이라고 합니다.
상피 세포에서 국소 접착 및 헤미데스모좀은 액틴 필라멘트와 중간 필라멘트를 기저 층(basal lamina)이라고 하는 특수한 형태의 ECM에 연결합니다.
헤미데스모좀(hemidesmosome)은 사이토링커(cytolinker) 단백질 플렉틴(plectin)에 의해 형성된 원형질막(plasma membrane)의 세포질(cytosolic side)에 조밀한 플라크(plaque)를 함유하고 있습니다.
케라틴을 함유한 중간 필라멘트는 알파 6, 베타 4 인테그린 및 BP230 및 BP180과 같은 기타 단백질을 통해 이 플라크에 연결됩니다.
ECM 표면에서 인테그린(integrin)은 기저층(basal lamina)의 주요 구성 요소인 당단백질(glycoprotein)인 라미닌(laminin)과 결합합니다.
생성된 헤미데스모좀은 ECM 신호를 전달하여 세포가 기계적 힘에 반응하고 모양, 극성 및 이동 방향을 변경하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.

<ol>
	<li>Wei, Qi 및 Hayden Huang. "생리학 및 질병에서 세포-세포 접합부의 역할에 대한 통찰력." 세포 및 분자 생물학에 대한 국제 검토 306 (2013) : 187-221.</li>
	<li>Seetharaman, Shailaja 및 Sandrine Etienne-Manneville. "세포 이동에서 세포골격 누화." 세포 생물학 동향 30, no. 9 (2020): 720-735.</li>
	<li>https://www.mechanobio.info/what-is-mechanosignaling/what-are-cell-cell-adhesions/what-are-anchoring-junctions/</li>
</ol>

고정연접

Anchoring Junctions

고정연접은 세포가 다른 세포 및 세포외 기질과 연결되도록 돕는 다중단백질 복합체입니다. 고정연접은 세포의 측면과 기저 표면에 존재하여 강력하고 유연한 연결을 제공합니다. 국소 유착은 종종 ECM 기질과의 세포 상호작용으로 인해 형성되며, 이는 키나제 캐스케이드 및 기타 메커니즘을 통해 신호 전달을 시작합니다. 함께, 이는 안정성과 조직 무결성을 제공합니다. 고정연접에는 부착반점, 반결합체, 부착체의 세 가지 유형이 있습니다.

부착반점은 세포막에 조밀하고 대칭적인 디스크 모양의 플라크로 나타납니다. 카드헤린이라고 불리는 접착 단백질은 플라크 형성에 관여합니다. 독특한 모양은 세포막 내부 표면의 구조 단백질 때문입니다.

반결합체는 부착반점의 절반처럼 보이며 세포를 기저판에 연결합니다. 부착반점과 외관상 유사하지만 카드헤린보다는 인테그린이라는 접착 단백질을 포함합니다. 이러한 연결은 세포를 하나로 묶는 데 필수적입니다.

부착연접은 다른 세포 또는 바탕질에 연결되는지 여부에 따라 카드헤린 또는 인테그린을 사용합니다. 연접은 세포막의 세포질 표면에 위치한 수축성 단백질 액틴의 존재를 특징으로 합니다. 액틴은 분리된 패치를 연결하거나 세포 내부에 벨트 같은 구조를 형성할 수 있습니다.

세 개의 고정연접은 상피 조직의 모양과 접힘에 영향을 미칩니다.

4.2절 상피 조직-해부학 및 생리학 2e, Openstax에서 발췌

앵커링 연접(anchoring junction)은 세포가 다른 세포 및 세포외 기질에 연결하는 데 도움이 되는 다단백질 복합체입니다. 앵커링 접합부는 ...

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Cell Biology

세포생물학

Unit 1

제1단원

Cell-Matrix Interactions

세포-기질 상호작용

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

cell adhesion in anchoring junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and to the extracellular matrix. They sit on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells. These junctions create strong, flexible links that help maintain tissue stability and integrity.

Focal adhesions often form when cells interact with the extracellular matrix, or ECM, substrata. These contacts can start signal transduction through kinase cascades and other pathways. Together, these junctions help cells stay attached and support the structure of tissues.

There are three main types of anchoring junctions: desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and adherens junctions. Desmosomes appear as dense, symmetrical, disc-shaped plaques on the cell membrane. Adhesion proteins called cadherins help form these plaques, and structural proteins on the inner surface of the membrane give them their distinct look.

Hemidesmosomes look like half a desmosome. They link cells to the basal lamina. Unlike desmosomes, hemidesmosomes use integrins instead of cadherins.

Adherens junctions can use cadherins or integrins, depending on whether they connect cells to other cells or to the matrix. These junctions are marked by actin, a contractile protein on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane. Actin may form isolated patches or a belt-like structure inside the cell.

Together, these three anchoring junctions help shape epithelial tissue and influence how it folds. They are essential for holding cells together and preserving tissue form.

Cell Adhesion in Anchoring Junctions

overview of cell-matrix interactions

ECM Proteins and Cell Signaling

The extracellular matrix, or ECM, is the material that helps hold cells together in a tissue. It also lets cells in that tissue communicate with one another. The ECM contains proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, and laminin. Collagen is the most abundant protein in this space. Collagen fibers are woven together with proteoglycans, which are protein molecules with carbohydrates attached. This mix gives the ECM its structure. It also supports cell migration and provides a scaffold for cell...

integrins

Integrins in Cell Adhesion

Integrins help animal and protozoan cells attach to the extracellular matrix, or ECM. These cells do not have cell walls, so the ECM helps maintain shape and provide structural stability. The ECM is a sticky network of carbohydrates and proteins found between adjacent cells. Some ECM proteins form a basement membrane, and other ECM parts adhere to it. Proteoglycans make up much of the ECM, while fibrous proteins such as collagen give it strength. Fibronectin connects proteoglycans and collagen...

activation of integrins

How Integrins Link Cells to Their Environment

Integrins help cells connect with their environment and send signals across the cell membrane. They can carry information from outside the cell to the inside, or from inside the cell to the outside. These two paths are called outside-in signaling and inside-out signaling. In outside-in signaling, molecules in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand-binding sites on integrins. A ligand is a molecule that binds to a protein. This binding makes the inactive integrin change shape and become...

intracellular signaling affects focal adhesions

intracellular-signaling-affects-focal-adhesions

Integrins Trigger Focal Adhesion Signaling

Integrins trigger focal adhesion signaling at the cell membrane. These membrane receptors sit in the phospholipid bilayer with hydrophobic regions that match the membrane interior. They provide attachment sites for outside signals such as hormones and growth factors. When these effectors bind and become active, integrins can start response pathways inside the cell. Some integrin-driven pathways support cell growth and help cells survive. The signal begins at the membrane, but G-proteins and...

anchoring junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and to the extracellular matrix. They sit on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells. These junctions create strong, flexible links that help maintain tissue stability and integrity. Focal adhesions often form when cells interact with the extracellular matrix, or ECM, substrata. These contacts can start signal transduction through kinase cascades and other pathways. Together, these junctions help cells stay...

cell-matrix's response to mechanical forces

cell-matrix-s-response-to-mechanical-forces

Focal Adhesions and Cell Mechanics

Focal adhesions help animal cells connect to the extracellular matrix and sense mechanical forces. The extracellular matrix, or ECM, sits outside cells and helps tissues withstand stress. It also sends signals from outside the cell to the inside. The ECM is large and its makeup changes from one tissue to another. In loose connective tissue, reticular fibers and ground substance form the ECM. In bone tissue, collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM. Anchoring junctions hold a cell to the...

key terms and concepts

Explore how desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and adherens junctions connect cells to each other and the ECM to support tissue strength and shape.

Cell Adhesion in Anchoring Junctions | JoVE K12

cell biology

JoVE Core Cell Biology illustrates complex cellular processes in easy-to-understand yet comprehensive animated video lessons. This collection focuses on the essential components and functions of cells, including organelles and membranes, cellular transport, and cell energetics. It is complemented by scientist-in-action videos that demonstrate the application of cell biology in real-world research experiments.

Cell Adhesion in Anchoring Junctions

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