Name: focal adhesions and cell mechanics
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T11:54:43.000Z
Duration: 1 min 13 s
Channel: JoVE

국소 유착(focal adhesion)과 같은 세포-기질 접합(cell-matrix junction)은 액틴(actin) 및 미오신 (myosin)과 같은 수축 단백질의 네트워크에 직접 연결됩니다.
기계적 힘이 단단한 세포외 기질에서 접합부를 끌어당기면 세포는 장력을 견디기 위해 추가적인 국소 접착을 형성합니다.
더 부드러운 ECM은 저항을 덜 생성하여 세포가 다른 조직에서 ECM의 강성에 따라 반응할 수 있도록 합니다.
이러한 메카노센싱은 탈린(talin)과 피브로넥틴(fibronectin)과 같은 접합 단백질(junctional protein)에 의존하는데, 이 단백질은 접합부가 늘어날 때 형태를 변화시킵니다.
액틴 필라멘트가 미오신 (myosin)에 의해 당겨지면서 탈린이 펼쳐져 빈큘린 결합 부위가 드러납니다. Vinculin은 접합을 강화하기 위해 추가 액틴 필라멘트를 모집합니다.
ECM 면에서, 피브릴 매트릭스 조립 중 피브로넥틴의 길이에 걸쳐 가해지는 장력은 콜라겐에 대한 숨겨진 결합 부위를 드러냅니다.
콜라겐 결합은 접합부를 강화하여 세포가 환경의 기계적 힘에 반응할 수 있도록 합니다.

<ol>
	<li>Liu Z, Tan JL, Cohen DM, Yang MT, Sniadecki NJ, Ruiz SA, Nelson CM, Chen CS. 기계적 당기는 힘은 세포-세포 접합의 크기를 조절합니다. 미국 국립과학원(National Academy of Sciences) 회보. 2010 년 6 월 1 일; 107(22):9944-9.</li>
	<li>David G. Menter, Raymond N. DuBois, "Prostaglandins in Cancer Cell Adhesion, Migration, and Invasion," International Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 2012, Article ID 723419, 21 pages, 2012. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/723419">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/723419</a></li>
	<li>Angulo-Urarte, A., van der Wal, T., & Huveneers, S. (2020). 기계적 힘의 센서 및 변환기로서의 세포-세포 접합부. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes, 1862(9), 183316.</li>
</ol>

기계적 힘에 대한 세포 바탕질의 반응

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

동물세포에서 세포외 기질은 조직 내의 세포가 외부 스트레스를 견딜 수 있도록 하고 세포 외부에서 내부로 신호를 전달합니다. 세포외 기질은 광범위하며 그 구성은 조직 유형에 따라 다릅니다. 예를 들어, 망상 섬유와 기저 물질은 느슨한 결합 조직의 ECM을 구성하는 반면 콜라겐과 뼈 미네랄은 뼈 조직의 ECM을 구성합니다.

고정연접은 세포를 세포외 기질이나 다른 세포에 기계적으로 부착합니다. 고정연접 클러스터는 초점 유착 또는 FA라고 불리는 거대분자 복합체를 형성합니다. FA는 세포 접착과 기계적 신호를 세포 내 화학적 신호로 변환하는 기계적 변환을 조절합니다. FA는 일반적으로 세포의 측면 및 기저 표면에서 발생하여 강력하고 유연한 연결을 제공합니다. 이는 Rous 육종 바이러스로 형질전환된 쥐의 신장 세포에서 항종양 혈청을 사용하여 처음 인식되었습니다. 세 가지 단백질인 탈린, 빈쿨린, 텐신과 이것의 동형이 인테그린을 세포골격에 연결하여 연접부를 강화합니다. 장력에 따른 구조적 변화는 탈린과 빈쿨린을 활성화시켜 환경으로부터 기계 감지 신호에 관여함을 시사합니다.

4.2절 상피 조직-해부학 및 생리학 2e, Openstax에서 발췌

동물 세포에서 세포외 기질은 조직 내의 세포가 외부 스트레스를 견딜 수 있도록 하고 세포 외부에서 ...

cell-matrix-s-response-to-mechanical-forces

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Cell Biology

세포생물학

Unit 1

제1단원

Cell-Matrix Interactions

세포-기질 상호작용

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

focal adhesions and cell mechanics

Focal adhesions help animal cells connect to the extracellular matrix and sense mechanical forces. The extracellular matrix, or ECM, sits outside cells and helps tissues withstand stress. It also sends signals from outside the cell to the inside.

The ECM is large and its makeup changes from one tissue to another. In loose connective tissue, reticular fibers and ground substance form the ECM. In bone tissue, collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM.

Anchoring junctions hold a cell to the extracellular matrix or to other cells. When many of these junctions cluster together, they form focal adhesions, or FAs. These structures support cell adhesion and mechanotransduction, which is the conversion of mechanical signals into chemical signals inside the cell.

Focal adhesions are often found on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells. This location gives cells strong but flexible connections. They were first recognized with an antitumor serum in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed rat kidney cells.

Several proteins connect integrins to the cytoskeleton and strengthen the junction. These proteins include talin, vinculin, and tensin, along with their isoforms. Tension can change the shape of talin and vinculin, which suggests that they help cells sense forces from their environment.

Focal Adhesions and Cell Mechanics

overview of cell-matrix interactions

ECM Proteins and Cell Signaling

The extracellular matrix, or ECM, is the material that helps hold cells together in a tissue. It also lets cells in that tissue communicate with one another. The ECM contains proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, and laminin. Collagen is the most abundant protein in this space. Collagen fibers are woven together with proteoglycans, which are protein molecules with carbohydrates attached. This mix gives the ECM its structure. It also supports cell migration and provides a scaffold for cell...

integrins

Integrins in Cell Adhesion

Integrins help animal and protozoan cells attach to the extracellular matrix, or ECM. These cells do not have cell walls, so the ECM helps maintain shape and provide structural stability. The ECM is a sticky network of carbohydrates and proteins found between adjacent cells. Some ECM proteins form a basement membrane, and other ECM parts adhere to it. Proteoglycans make up much of the ECM, while fibrous proteins such as collagen give it strength. Fibronectin connects proteoglycans and collagen...

activation of integrins

How Integrins Link Cells to Their Environment

Integrins help cells connect with their environment and send signals across the cell membrane. They can carry information from outside the cell to the inside, or from inside the cell to the outside. These two paths are called outside-in signaling and inside-out signaling. In outside-in signaling, molecules in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand-binding sites on integrins. A ligand is a molecule that binds to a protein. This binding makes the inactive integrin change shape and become...

intracellular signaling affects focal adhesions

intracellular-signaling-affects-focal-adhesions

Integrins Trigger Focal Adhesion Signaling

Integrins trigger focal adhesion signaling at the cell membrane. These membrane receptors sit in the phospholipid bilayer with hydrophobic regions that match the membrane interior. They provide attachment sites for outside signals such as hormones and growth factors. When these effectors bind and become active, integrins can start response pathways inside the cell. Some integrin-driven pathways support cell growth and help cells survive. The signal begins at the membrane, but G-proteins and...

anchoring junctions

Cell Adhesion in Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and to the extracellular matrix. They sit on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells. These junctions create strong, flexible links that help maintain tissue stability and integrity. Focal adhesions often form when cells interact with the extracellular matrix, or ECM, substrata. These contacts can start signal transduction through kinase cascades and other pathways. Together, these junctions help cells stay...

cell-matrix's response to mechanical forces

Focal adhesions help animal cells connect to the extracellular matrix and sense mechanical forces. The extracellular matrix, or ECM, sits outside cells and helps tissues withstand stress. It also sends signals from outside the cell to the inside. The ECM is large and its makeup changes from one tissue to another. In loose connective tissue, reticular fibers and ground substance form the ECM. In bone tissue, collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM. Anchoring junctions hold a cell to the...

key terms and concepts

Learn how focal adhesions connect animal cells to the extracellular matrix, support adhesion, and convert mechanical signals into chemical signals.

Focal Adhesions and Cell Mechanics | JoVE K12

cell biology

JoVE Core Cell Biology illustrates complex cellular processes in easy-to-understand yet comprehensive animated video lessons. This collection focuses on the essential components and functions of cells, including organelles and membranes, cellular transport, and cell energetics. It is complemented by scientist-in-action videos that demonstrate the application of cell biology in real-world research experiments.

Focal Adhesions and Cell Mechanics

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