Name: beam types and support conditions
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T11:49:26.000Z
Duration: 1 min 30 s
Channel: JoVE

빔은 부재를 따라 다양한 점에 가해지는 하중을 지지하도록 설계된 직선의 긴 구조 부재입니다.
빔은 형상, 단면, 지지 유형 및 평형 상태에 따라 분류할 수 있습니다.
형상에 따라 빔은 직선, 테이퍼 또는 곡선이 될 수 있습니다.
I-빔, T-빔, L-빔, C-빔 또는 직사각형 빔과 같은 다양한 단면 모양을 가질 수 있습니다.
지지부에 따라 빔은 단순 지지, 돌출, 연속, 캔틸레버 또는 고정으로 분류될 수 있습니다. 지지대 사이의 거리를 빔의 스팬이라고 합니다.
단순하게 지지되는 빔은 양쪽 끝에서 지지되는 반면, 돌출된 빔은 지지대 중 하나를 넘어 확장됩니다.
캔틸레버 빔은 한쪽 끝에 고정되고 고정 끝에서 확장됩니다.
연속 빔은 두 개 이상의 지점에서 지지되는 반면, 고정 빔은 양쪽 끝에 고정되거나 한쪽 끝에서 지지될 수 있습니다.
빔 지지부에서의 반응은 지지부가 3개의 미지수만 포함하는 경우 정적으로 결정될 수 있습니다. 추가 미지수가 있는 경우 빔은 정적으로 불확정됩니다.

<ol>
	<li>맥주, F.P.; 존스턴, ER; 마주렉, D.F; 크롬웰, PJ 및 Self, BP(2019). 엔지니어를 위한 벡터 역학 \u2012 Statics and Dynamics. 뉴욕 : McGraw-Hill. 378-379쪽</li>
</ol>

보는 길이를 따라 다양한 지점에서 가해지는 하중을 지지하도록 설계된 구조공학 및 건설의 필수 구성요소입니다. 이러한 길고 직선인 부재는 기하학, 단면, 지지 유형 및 평형 상태에 따라 분류될 수 있습니다.
보는 기하학적 구조에 따라 직선형, 테이퍼형, 곡선형이 있습니다. 직선형은 가장 일반적인 형태이며 길이 전체에 걸쳐 일정한 단면을 가지고 있습니다. 그러나 테이퍼형 보는 길이에 따라 다양한 단면을 가지고 있으며 곡선 보는 곡선형입니다.
빔은 또한 I-빔, T-빔, L-빔, C-빔 또는 직사각형 빔과 같은 다양한 단면 형상을 가질 수 있습니다. 각 형상은 용도와 빔이 지지해야 하는 하중에 따라 고유한 하중 지지 기능을 제공하도록 특별히 설계되었습니다.
보의 설계와 성능에 있어서 지지 유형은 중요한 역할을 합니다. 보는 지지물에 기초하여 단순 지지, 돌출 지지, 연속 지지, 캔틸레버 또는 고정 지지로 분류될 수 있습니다. 지지물 사이의 거리는 보의 스팬(범위)로 알려져 있습니다.
단순히 지지되는 보는 양쪽 끝에 지지대가 있고, 돌출된 보는 양쪽 끝에 지지대가 있습니다. 캔틸레버 보는 고정 지점에서 연장되어 한쪽 끝에 고정되어 있습니다. 연속적인 보는 길이를 따라 두 개 이상의 지점에 지지대가 있으며, 고정된 보는 양쪽 끝에 고정되거나 한쪽 끝에 지지되어 다른 쪽 끝에 고정될 수 있습니다.
보 지지대의 반응은 지지대가 3개의 미지수만 포함하는 경우 정적으로 결정될 수 있습니다. 그러나 추가적인 미지수가 있는 경우 보는 정적으로 불확정됩니다.

빔은 구조 엔지니어링 및 건설의 필수 구성 요소로, 길이를 따라 다양한 지점에 가해지는 하중을 지지하도록 설계되었습니다. 이러한...

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

기계공학

Unit 1

제1단원

Internal Forces

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KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

Beams

beam types and support conditions

Beams are key parts of structural engineering and construction. They support loads that act at different points along their length. Engineers use beam shape and support conditions to understand how a beam will perform.

Beams can be classified by geometry. Straight beams are the most common and have a constant cross-section along their length. Tapered beams change in cross-section from one end to the other, while curved beams have a curved shape.

Beam cross-section also matters. Common shapes include I-beams, T-beams, L-beams, C-beams, and rectangular beams. Each shape is designed to handle load-bearing needs in a different way, depending on where and how the beam is used.

Supports create another major way to classify beams. A simply supported beam has supports at both ends. An overhanging beam extends beyond one of its supports, while a cantilever beam is fixed at one end and extends outward from that fixed point.

Some beams have more than two supports. A continuous beam has support at more than two points along its length. A fixed beam may be fixed at both ends, or supported at one end and fixed at the other end. The span of a beam is the distance between its supports.

Beam reactions can also be described by equilibrium. A beam is statically determinate if its supports create only three unknowns. If there are more unknowns, the beam is statically indeterminate. This difference is important when analyzing how the beam carries load.

Beam Types and Support Conditions

sign convention

Beam Forces: Tension, Shear, and Bending

Beam analysis depends on the internal forces and moments inside a structure. These include normal force, shear force, and bending moment. Engineers use the method of sections to cut the beam and find these values. A sign convention helps show whether each result is positive or negative. Normal force acts perpendicular to the beam’s cross-section. It can pull the material in tension or push it in compression. Tension is taken as positive, while compression is taken as negative. This makes it...

normal and shear force

Beam Loads and Internal Forces

Beam loads create internal forces inside a structure. Weight, pressure, and other external forces can all act on a beam. These internal forces affect the beam’s stability and strength. Engineers study these forces to find their size and direction. A common approach is the method of sections. In this method, an imaginary cut is made at a chosen point on the beam, and the forces at that section are analyzed. One internal force is the normal force, also called the axial force. It acts...

bending and torsional moments

Forces That Bend and Twist Materials

Bending and torsional moments describe how materials respond to force. These ideas are important in structural engineering because they help explain how beams, rulers, and screws change shape under load. A moment depends on both the size of the force and the distance from the point of interest to the force’s line of action. A bending moment forms when an external force makes a structural element bend. If the element bends upward, the top side is in compression and the bottom side is in tension.

internal loadings in structural members: problem solving

internal-loadings-in-structural-members-problem-solving

Beam Internal Force Analysis at Point A

Beam internal force analysis shows how normal force, shear force, and bending moment act inside a structural member. These internal loadings help engineers check whether a beam can support the external forces applied to it. The example uses a beam OC that weighs 5 kN and is inclined at 53.13° with the horizontal. The beam is supported at both ends. The goal is to find the internal loadings at point A. The first step is to find the reaction force at point C. This is done by taking the moment...

beams

Beams are key parts of structural engineering and construction. They support loads that act at different points along their length. Engineers use beam shape and support conditions to understand how a beam will perform. Beams can be classified by geometry. Straight beams are the most common and have a constant cross-section along their length. Tapered beams change in cross-section from one end to the other, while curved beams have a curved shape. Beam cross-section also matters. Common shapes...

shear diagram

Beam Shear Force Diagram

Beam shear force diagrams show how shear changes along the length of a supported beam. In beam mechanics, they help students track the internal shear force caused by perpendicular loads. The beam AB in this example is supported at both ends, so the first step is to draw a free-body diagram that shows the external forces and internal reactions. The reaction forces at supports A and B are found with equilibrium equations for force and moment. For the beam shown, the vertical reaction at A is 24...

bending moment diagram

Beam Load Analysis with Moment Diagrams

Beam load analysis uses a bending moment diagram to show how bending changes along the length of a beam. This diagram helps engineers and designers check whether a structure can handle applied forces. It is also useful for parts such as shelving arms, which must resist forces and moments from a load. To build the diagram, start by finding the reactive forces and any couple moments on the beam. In some cases, especially when a beam is inclined, these forces must be resolved into components that...

relation between the distributed load and shear

relation-between-the-distributed-load-and-shear

Shear Change Under Distributed Loading

Shear force changes along a beam under a distributed load. In structural analysis, this relationship helps explain how beams respond to loading conditions that also include concentrated loads and a couple moment. To study the link, consider a small beam section that has no concentrated load or couple moment on it. Draw a free-body diagram for that elemental section. It includes the distributed load along the beam, the shear force V(x) on the right-hand side of the cut, and a small added shear...

relation between the shear and bending moment

relation-between-the-shear-and-bending-moment

Shear and Moment Diagrams in Beam Loads

Shear and moment diagrams help show how a beam responds to loads. A beam can carry a distributed load, concentrated loads, and a couple moment. These loads create internal shear forces and bending moments. The beam is examined by isolating a small elemental section and drawing a free-body diagram. For that section to stay in equilibrium, the moment on the right side must be slightly larger than the moment on the left side. The distributed load also has a resultant force that acts at a...

shear and bending moment diagram: problem solving

shear-and-bending-moment-diagram-problem-solving

Beam Load Analysis with Shear Diagrams

Beam load analysis uses shear and bending moment diagrams to track the internal forces in a beam. These diagrams are important when a beam carries concentrated loads and a distributed load. They help show how the beam responds so structures can be designed safely and efficiently. The first step is to draw a free-body diagram of the whole beam. A free-body diagram shows the concentrated loads, the distributed load, and the reaction forces at the supports. Use the equilibrium equations, where...

cable subjected to concentrated loads

Finding Tension in a Loaded Cable

Flexible cables can carry vertical point loads between two fixed supports. The cable is treated as flexible, inextensible, and nearly weightless. Under these conditions, it changes shape to form straight-line segments, and each segment carries a constant tensile force. To analyze the cable, a free-body diagram is drawn for the whole cable. This helps identify the reaction forces at the supports. In many cases, the number of unknown reaction components is greater than the available equilibrium...

cable subjected to a distributed load

Finding Cable Shape Under Distributed Load

Cable shape under a distributed load is found by analyzing the forces along a small piece of the cable. This method is important in suspension bridge design because the main cables must carry changing loads safely. The load causes the tensile force in the cable to change, and it also creates cable deformation. The analysis starts with a free-body diagram of a short cable segment. The diagram shows the distributed load and the change in tensile force across that segment. Equilibrium equations...

cable subjected to its own weight

Cable Sag Under Its Own Weight

Overhead power transmission cables sag under their own weight, and that shape affects how they carry electricity across long distances. To study this behavior, the cable is analyzed with a generalized loading function. This function treats the load along the cable's arc length instead of its projected length, which gives a more accurate picture of the cable's response. The analysis then focuses on a small cable segment. A free-body diagram is drawn to show the forces acting on that segment.

cable: problem solving

Cable Tension Under Uniform Loading

Cable tension under uniform loading is found by analyzing a cable fixed between two supports. The problem starts with the support conditions and the load on the cable. From there, the cable’s shape must be described with an equation that matches the curve formed by the load. The next step is to integrate the shape equation to get the cable’s shape function. This makes it possible to solve for constants in the equation. The boundary condition at the origin gives one constant. The slope, which...

key terms and concepts

Learn how beams are classified by shape, cross-section, supports, span, and equilibrium. Explore simply supported, cantilever, continuous, and fixed beams.

Beam Types and Support Conditions | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Mechanical Engineering offers concise, easy-to-understand animated videos covering key topics such as equilibrium, forces, truss analysis, and structural mechanics. Explore their real-world applications, and witness these concepts in action through scientist-led experiments.

mechanical engineering

Beam Types and Support Conditions

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