Name: wind turbine types and generator control
Uploaded: 2024-11-21T14:54:38.000Z
Duration: 1 min 24 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Earth Systems Science

112.49.c.12.

112.49.c.12.E.

Wind Turbine Machine Models

풍력 터빈에는 4가지 유형이 있습니다. 유형 1과 2는 인덕션 머신 모델로, 고정자 권선이 자기장과 로터 사이의 상대 운동을 통해 AC 로터 전류를 유도합니다.
단위당 동기 속도와 회전자 속도의 차이는 슬립으로 정량화됩니다.
이 모델에는 고정자 저항 및 과도 리액턴스 뒤에 동일한 전압이 포함됩니다.
과도 안정성 초기 조건은 두 개의 미분 방정식을 0으로 설정하고 전력 흐름, 실제 전력 주입 및 단자 전압을 입력으로 사용하여 결정됩니다.
생성된 음의 무효 전력은 인덕션 기계의 전력 소비를 나타냅니다.
Type 1 터빈은 저항이 고정된 농형 로터를 특징으로 하는 반면, Type 2는 로터 저항을 조정하기 위해 제어 시스템이 있는 권선 로터 유도 기계를 사용합니다.
Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Generators라고도 하는 Type 3 풍력 터빈은 권선 로터 유도 기계를 사용합니다.
회전자 권선은 AC-DC-AC 컨버터를 통해 AC 네트워크에 연결되어 실제 전력과 무효 전력을 별도로 제어할 수 있습니다.
유형 4 터빈은 기계의 출력이 AC-DC-AC 컨버터를 통해 AC 네트워크에 연결되는 완전 비동기 설계를 사용합니다.

과도 안정성 및 시스템 제어

성장하는 풍력 에너지 분야에서 풍력 터빈 모델을 과도 안정성 분석에 통합하는 것은 필수적입니다. 유도 및 동기 기계가 주로 사용되는 모델이며, 유도 기계는 단순성과 신뢰성으로 인해 널리 사용됩니다.

유도 기계는 고정자와 회전자가 생성하는 회전 자기장을 통해 상호 작용합니다. 핵심 매개변수는 슬립으로, 동기 속도와 동기 속도에 대한 회전자 속도의 차이입니다. 슬립은 동기 속도에서는 0이고, 모터링할 때는 양수이고, 발전할 때는 음수입니다. 기계적 동역학에는 관성 상수(H)와 토크 차이(T_m−T_e)가 포함됩니다.

단일 케이지 유도 기계의 단순화된 전기 모델은 스테이터 저항과 과도 리액턴스 뒤의 등가 전압을 나타냅니다. 주요 매개변수에는 로터의 개방 회로 시간 상수와 누설 리액턴스 및 자화 리액턴스에서 파생된 동기 리액턴스가 포함됩니다.

전기 토크와 터미널 실제 전력 주입은 기계의 내부 전압과 전류에 의해 결정됩니다. 유도 기계는 일반적으로 음의 값으로 표시되는 무효 전력을 소비합니다.

풍력 터빈 모델은 4가지 유형으로 나뉩니다.

유형 1 및 유형 2: 이 모델은 유도 발전기를 사용합니다. 유형 1은 고정 로터 저항을 갖는 반면, 유형 2는 더 나은 제어를 위해 가변 로터 저항을 사용하여 기계의 시간 상수와 전력 출력에 영향을 미칩니다.

유형 3 및 유형 4: 이러한 고급 모델(이중 공급 비동기 발전기 및 전체 컨버터 시스템)은 실제 및 무효 전력을 모두 제어할 수 있습니다. 유형 3은 로터 전류 제어를 위해 컨버터를 사용하여 광범위한 속도 범위를 제공합니다. 유형 4는 발전기를 그리드에서 분리하여 유연한 제어를 제공하고 터빈 역학과의 기계적 결합을 제거합니다.

풍력 터빈 기계 모델을 이해하려면 정확한 안정성 분석을 위해 전기 및 기계 구성 요소의 상호 작용을 분석해야 합니다.

풍력 터빈에는 4가지 유형이 있습니다. 유형 1과 2는 고정자 권선이 상대 운동을 통해 AC 회전자 전류를 유도하는 인덕션 머신 모델입니다.

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Electrical Engineering

전기공학

Unit 1

제1단원

Transient Stability and System Controls

과도 안정도 및 계통 제어

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

핵심 용어 및 개념

wind turbine types and generator control

Wind turbine machine models are used to study how wind turbines behave in transient stability analysis. In this setting, induction machines and synchronous machines are the main model types. Induction machines are common because they are simple and reliable.

Induction machines work through the rotating magnetic field made by the stator and rotor. A key term is slip, which is the difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed relative to synchronous speed. Slip is zero at synchronous speed, positive during motoring, and negative during generating.

The mechanical side of the model uses the inertia constant, H, and the torque difference between mechanical torque, Tm, and electrical torque, Te. A simplified single-cage induction machine model shows an equivalent voltage behind stator resistance and transient reactance. Other important parameters include the rotor open-circuit time constant and the synchronous reactance, which comes from leakage reactance and magnetizing reactance.

Electrical torque and terminal real power injection depend on the machine’s internal voltages and currents. Induction machines usually consume reactive power, so this value is negative. Wind turbine models are grouped into four types, and each type handles control in a different way.

Type 1 and Type 2 models use induction generators. Type 1 has fixed rotor resistance. Type 2 uses variable rotor resistance, which improves control and changes the machine time constant and power output. Type 3 and Type 4 are more advanced. Type 3 is a doubly-fed asynchronous generator that uses converters to control rotor current and supports a wide speed range. Type 4 is a full converter system that decouples the generator from the grid, gives flexible real and reactive power control, and removes the mechanical link to turbine dynamics.

Wind Turbine Types and Generator Control

the swing equation

Generator Rotor Motion and the Swing Equation

Generator rotor motion is described by the Swing Equation in power system dynamics. It is used to study generating units such as three-phase synchronous generators. The equation comes from Newton’s second law applied to the generator rotor. It links inertia, angular acceleration, and the balance between mechanical and electrical torques. In steady-state operation, the mechanical torque supplied to the generator is equal to the electrical torque produced by the generator. When these torques...

simplified synchronous machine model

Transient Stability in Synchronous Generators

The synchronous machine model helps students analyze transient stability in power systems. It represents a synchronous generator under balanced three-phase positive-sequence conditions. The model assumes constant excitation and ignores losses and saturation. These simplifications make it easier to study how a generator behaves during a disturbance. In this setup, the generator is connected to a network of transmission lines, transformers, loads, and other machines. That larger system is often...

multimachine stability

Power-System Stability in Multi-Machine Networks

Power-system stability in multi-machine networks focuses on how several synchronous machines behave as they stay connected to an N-bus power system. The analysis solves the swing equations for the machines and tracks how the network responds when conditions change. It is used to study transient stability, which is the system’s ability to stay in step after a disturbance. The network is written with nodal equations that link bus voltages, machine voltages, and machine currents. In this model, V...

wind turbine machine models

Wind turbine machine models are used to study how wind turbines behave in transient stability analysis. In this setting, induction machines and synchronous machines are the main model types. Induction machines are common because they are simple and reliable. Induction machines work through the rotating magnetic field made by the stator and rotor. A key term is slip, which is the difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed relative to synchronous speed. Slip is zero at synchronous...

generator voltage control

Voltage Regulation in Generators and Wind Turbines

Generator voltage regulation helps keep synchronous generators and wind turbines working stably. Older systems use a DC generator driven by the rotor to supply DC power to the rotor field winding. That power is passed through slip rings and brushes. Newer systems use static exciters or brushless exciters. A static exciter rectifies AC power from the generator terminals and sends DC power directly to the rotor. A brushless exciter uses an inverted synchronous generator, takes AC power from...

turbine-governor control

How Turbine Governors Stabilize Power Output

Turbine-governor control helps keep generator frequency and rotor speed stable when electrical load changes. It does this by matching turbine mechanical power with the power demand on the system. In a power grid, that balance is important for steady operation. Turbine-generator units also store kinetic energy because their parts are rotating. When load increases, that stored energy is released to help meet the demand. At first, electrical torque rises while mechanical torque stays nearly...

load-frequency control

Load-frequency control in power grids

Load-frequency control keeps a power grid stable when electrical demand changes. It helps keep system frequency and power flow within acceptable limits. Turbine-governor control reduces rotor speed changes after a load shift, but a steady-state frequency error can still remain when the turbine-governor reference setting does not change. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through tie-lines, which are the transmission lines that...

key terms and concepts

Learn how wind turbine models use induction and synchronous machines, slip, torque, and converter control to explain Types 1–4 and grid behavior.

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Wind Turbine Types and Generator Control

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