Name: masonry wall joints for temperature and moisture
Uploaded: 2024-09-12T16:16:29.000Z
Duration: 1 min 19 s
Channel: JoVE

지속적인 비에 노출된 벽돌 벽을 생각해 보십시오. 벽돌은 수분을 흡수하고 약간 팽창하는 경향이 있습니다. 팽창할 공간이 없으면 벽에 압축 응력이 발생하여 벽에 균열이 형성됩니다.
확장 조인트라고 하는 벽의 연속적인 개구부는 벽돌의 확장을 허용하기 위해 제공되어야 합니다. 
새로 건설된 콘크리트 석조 벽의 경우 모르타르가 건조됨에 따라 벽이 수축되어 인장 응력이 유발됩니다.
이러한 응력이 벽의 인장 강도를 초과하면 수축 균열이 나타납니다.
이러한 무작위 균열은 벽을 따라 연속적으로 실행되는 의도적으로 생성된 약한 조인트인 제어 조인트를 따라 제한될 수 있습니다.
확장 및 제어 접합은 벽이 기둥 또는 개구부와 교차하는 위치와 벽이 방향, 높이 및 두께를 변경하는 위치에 제공됩니다.
수직 조인트는 벽돌을 놓을 때 벽에 내장되어 있습니다. 이러한 조인트는 종종 지지대 막대로 채워지고 탄성 조인트 씰러로 밀봉되어 습기와 공기가 실내로 들어오는 것을 방지합니다.

석조 벽의 팽창과 수축

Expansion and Contraction in Masonry Walls

석조 벽은 온도와 습도의 변화로 인해 약간의 팽창과 수축이 발생합니다. 석조의 열적 변화는 측정하고 계획하기가 비교적 간단합니다. 반면에 수분의 변화에 있어 문제에 직면합니다. 새로운 점토 석조 유닛은 일반적으로 물을 흡수하고 정상적인 환경 조건에서 시간이 지남에 따라 팽창합니다. 반대로 새로운 콘크리트 석조 유닛은 생산 과정에서 얻은 여분의 수분을 잃으면서 수축하는 경향이 있습니다.

구조물을 손상시키지 않고 이러한 움직임을 수용하려면 건물에 특정 유형의 이음새를 통합해야 합니다. 신축 이음은 열리거나 닫히도록 설계되어 재료 공간이 습도와 온도의 변화에 ​​따라 팽창하거나 수축할 수 있으므로 매우 중요합니다. 이러한 이음새는 종종 공기와 물의 침투를 방지하기 위해 유연한 재료로 씌워집니다. 또 다른 필수 특징인 조절줄눈은 석조 내의 약한 층으로 의도적으로 통합됩니다. 이러한 이음새는 특히 석조의 초기 경화 단계에서 수축을 개방하여 관리하도록 설계되었습니다.

신축 이음과 조절줄눈은 모두 구조물에 전략적으로 배치해야 합니다. 일반적인 위치에는 모서리와 같은 기하학적 불연속 지점, 벽의 높이나 너비의 변화, 개구부 근처가 포함됩니다.

계속되는 비에 노출된 벽돌 벽을 생각해 보십시오. 벽돌은 수분을 흡수하고 약간 팽창하는 경향이 있습니다. 확장 할 공간이 없으면 압축됩니다 ...

expansion-and-contraction-in-masonry-walls

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

토목공학

Unit 1

제1단원

Masonry

석공사

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

masonry wall joints for temperature and moisture

Masonry walls change size slightly as temperature and moisture change. Builders account for this movement so the wall does not crack or shift out of place. Thermal movement is usually easy to measure and plan for. Moisture movement is harder to predict.

New clay masonry units often absorb water and expand over time in normal outdoor conditions. New concrete masonry units behave differently. They usually shrink as they lose extra moisture gained during production. These opposite changes make joint design an important part of masonry construction.

Expansion joints give masonry room to open or close as the material expands or contracts. These joints are often sealed with flexible materials so air and water cannot get in. Control joints are another key feature. A control joint is a planned line of weakness in the masonry. It helps manage shrinkage, especially during the early curing stage.

Both expansion joints and control joints must be placed carefully. Common locations include corners, changes in wall height or width, and areas near openings. These points are called geometric discontinuities because the wall shape changes there. Proper joint placement helps protect the structure as the masonry moves.

Masonry Wall Joints for Temperature and Moisture

masonry-wall-joints-for-temperature-and-moisture

composite masonry walls

Bonding and Materials in Composite Masonry

Composite masonry walls use two or more wythes, or vertical layers, of masonry to form one unified wall. The wythes may use the same material or different masonry materials. They are joined to work together as a single structure. These wythes can be bonded in several ways. Builders may use mortar-filled collar joints, grouted spaces, or rigid metal ties with reinforcement. Masonry header units can also connect the layers, but this method is rare. Metal ties are often preferred because they...

masonry cavity walls

Masonry Cavity Walls and Moisture Control

Masonry cavity walls use two wythes, or layers, with a hollow space between them. The outer and inner wythes are linked only by corrosion-resistant metal ties. This design helps manage water and improve wall performance. When rainwater passes through the outer wythe, it moves down through the cavity. Flashing catches the water and directs it toward weep holes, where it can leave the wall. The inner wythe often has damp-proofing on the cavity side. This layer also works as an air barrier. The...

masonry loadbearing walls

How Masonry Walls Support Buildings

Masonry load-bearing walls support floors and roofs and carry those loads down to the foundation. They are built from brick, stone, or concrete masonry units. These walls rely on compressive strength, which means they can resist pushes from above very well. Masonry walls may be reinforced or unreinforced, depending on the building needs. They carry dead loads and live loads while using working stresses that stay below the materials' ultimate strength. That safety margin helps the structure...

masonry curtain walls

Masonry Curtain Walls and Support Systems

Masonry curtain walls use brick or stone veneer as an exterior cladding system. The veneer is supported by the building structure, so the wall can be both attractive and functional. Two main construction methods are used for these walls. One method builds the masonry units in place through traditional layering. The other uses prefabricated panels that are assembled on the ground and then lifted into position. In traditional construction, steel shelf angles attached to the spandrel beam carry...

posttensioned masonry walls

How Masonry Walls Gain Extra Strength

Post-tensioned masonry walls gain extra strength from high-strength steel rods or flexible tendons. These tensioning elements are anchored to the foundation and run vertically through the wall. In some walls, they sit inside the cores of the masonry units. In others, they are placed between the masonry wythes, or layers. The wall is built first with the tensioning elements already in place. After the mortar cures fully, the wall is tightened. Steel rods are tensioned by turning nuts against...

cavity drainage and flashings in masonry walls

cavity-drainage-and-flashings-in-masonry-walls

Moisture Control in Masonry Cavity Walls

Masonry cavity walls use a gap between two wythes, or wall layers, to help control moisture. The cavity is usually at least 2 inches wide, and it may contain insulation. Even with insulation, a clear space of at least 1 inch is kept so water can drain away. Some walls also use a continuous drainage mat to reduce the needed space while still moving moisture out. Weep holes are another key part of cavity drainage. These openings sit at the base of the cavity and let collected water escape. They...

thermal insulation in masonry walls

Masonry Wall Insulation Options

Masonry wall insulation can be placed on the outside, inside the wall, or on the interior surface. The best choice depends on the climate, the building design, and whether the wall is being built new or retrofitted. In hot, dry climates, masonry can help smooth indoor temperatures by absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night. In many other climates, extra insulation is needed to improve thermal resistance. One common exterior method is an Exterior Insulation and Finish System, or...

expansion and contraction in masonry walls

Masonry walls change size slightly as temperature and moisture change. Builders account for this movement so the wall does not crack or shift out of place. Thermal movement is usually easy to measure and plan for. Moisture movement is harder to predict. New clay masonry units often absorb water and expand over time in normal outdoor conditions. New concrete masonry units behave differently. They usually shrink as they lose extra moisture gained during production. These opposite changes make...

movement joints in buildings

How Buildings Handle Structural Movement

Buildings are designed to handle movement from temperature changes, moisture changes, and structural deflection. If these changes are ignored, they can cause visible damage or even unsafe conditions. Movement joints give building materials room to move without creating distress. Working joints are the simplest type. They are placed during construction and help materials cope with change as the building goes up. Shingled roofs and wood bevel siding are common examples because they can move with...

types of building separation joints

Building Joints for Movement and Stability

Building separation joints help large or complex buildings move in a controlled way. They split a structure into smaller, separate units. This reduces stress when the building shifts under different forces. The joints are grouped into three main types: volume-change joints, settlement joints, and seismic separation joints. Volume-change joints handle expansion and contraction caused by temperature changes and moisture changes. They are placed where the building mass has discontinuities,...

efflorescence in masonry

Stopping White Salt Crystals on Masonry

Efflorescence is the white, fluffy crystal layer that can form on masonry walls. It happens when water-soluble salts in brick, stone, concrete, or mortar are dissolved by water and carried to the surface. When the water evaporates, the salts are left behind as a powdery deposit. New efflorescence is often seen soon after construction. In many cases, it can be cleaned with water and a brush. It may also fade over time as rain leaches salts out of the masonry surface. If efflorescence appears...

mortar joint deterioration in masonry

Repairing Damaged Mortar Joints in Masonry

Mortar joints in masonry can break down when water collects in them and freezes. The repeated freezing and thawing makes the water expand and shrink. That process creates cracks in the joints and can spread damage over time. As the mortar worsens, pieces may spall, or break off from the joint surface. Loose masonry units can follow, and the wall becomes weaker. Damaged joints also let moisture move into the wall, which adds to the problem. Good construction helps protect mortar joints. Using...

masonry in cold and hot weather conditions

masonry-in-cold-and-hot-weather-conditions

Protecting Mortar During Weather Changes

Masonry work changes in cold and hot weather because mortar must stay at the right temperature and moisture level. If mortar freezes before it cures, its strength and watertightness can drop. For proper hydration and curing, mortar should stay between 60°F and 80°F. When the weather is below 40°F, the water used for mortar must be heated. The water should not exceed 120°F, because very hot water can reduce compressive strength and bond strength. Masonry units and sand should also stay dry and...

masonry paving

Masonry Paving Materials and Base Layers

Masonry paving uses bricks, stones, and concrete masonry units to create durable walking and driving surfaces. These materials are selected for their shape, color, strength, and resistance to abrasion and weathering. Masonry units can be used in different paving setups depending on the site and the load they must carry. Some paving systems are installed dry on a thin sand layer over a gravel base. Others are set in mortar or asphalt on a concrete slab. For areas with heavy vehicular loads, a...

key terms and concepts

Learn how expansion joints and control joints help masonry walls handle temperature and moisture changes, including clay and concrete unit movement.

Masonry Wall Joints for Temperature and Moisture | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering offers a foundational exploration of essential construction materials such as bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete, along with fluid mechanics topics like flow over immersed bodies, open channel flow, and dimensional modeling. It also covers key surveying concepts, including leveling, traverse adjustments, curve design, topographic mapping, and geospatial technologies (GPS & GIS). Science-in-action videos showcase laboratory research on materials, fluids, and surveying practices in real-world engineering systems.

civil engineering

Masonry Wall Joints for Temperature and Moisture

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