Name: building joints for movement and stability
Uploaded: 2024-09-12T16:16:29.000Z
Duration: 1 min 23 s
Channel: JoVE

기하학적으로 복잡한 건물 구조를 가진 대형 쇼핑몰을 생각해 보십시오. 이 단지는 건물 분리 조인트를 사용하여 작고 기하학적으로 컴팩트하며 독립적인 단위로 세분화됩니다.
이러한 접합은 체적 변화 접합, 침하 접합 및 지진 분리 접합으로 분류됩니다.
체적 변화 조인트는 건물 단위의 확장 및 수축 영향을 완화하기 위해 건물의 수평 또는 수직 불연속성에 배치됩니다.
일반적으로 이러한 관절은 150-200피트 간격으로 위치합니다.
타워와 건물의 인접한 저층 건물은 제공되는 다양한 유형의 기초에 대해 예상되는 정착 비율이 다르기 때문에 고통을 피하도록 설계된 정착 조인트를 사용하여 분리되어 있습니다.
지진 분리 조인트는 지진 발생 시 개별 유닛이 독립적으로 이동할 수 있도록 건물 세그먼트 사이에 제공되어 서로의 손상을 방지합니다.
마지막으로, 건물 분리 조인트의 평면 양쪽에 존재하는 개별 유닛은 고유한 기초, 기둥 및 슬래브를 가질 수 있어 작용하는 힘에 반응하여 하나의 단위로 이동할 수 있는 독립적인 구조를 만들 수 있습니다.

건물 분리 이음새의 유형

건물 분리 이음새는 크거나 복잡한 건물 구조를 독립적으로 움직일 수 있는 작고 개별적인 단위로 나눕니다. 이러한 이음새는 체적 변화 이음새, 침하 이음새, 지진 분리 이음새의 세 가지 유형으로 분류됩니다.

체적 변화 이음새는 온도와 습도 변화로 인한 팽창 및 수축의 영향을 해결합니다. 균열이 발생할 가능성이 가장 높은 건물 덩어리의 불연속 부분에 전략적으로 배치되며 길쭉한 구조에서 약 45.72~ 60.96 m 간격으로 배치되는데, 간격은 재료 특성과 예상되는 치수 변화 범위에 맞게 조정됩니다.

침하 이음새는 건물의 다른 부분에서 차등 침하 속도로 인해 발생할 수 있는 구조적 손상을 방지하는 데 사용됩니다. 이러한 상황은 다양한 기초 유형이 있는 구조물이나 다른 토양 조건에 지어진 구조물에서 발생할 수 있습니다.

지진 분리 이음새는 지진 발생 가능성이 높은 지역의 건물을 위해 특별히 설계되었습니다. 이러한 이음새는 건물을 더 작은 마디로 나누어 지진 발생 시 각 부분이 독립적으로 움직일 수 있도록 하여 손상 위험을 최소화합니다.

전반적으로 건물 분리 이음새는 이음새 양쪽에 독립적인 구조물을 구성하여 구현되며, 때로는 완전히 분리된 기초와 구조적 요소가 있어 다양한 힘에 대응하여 관리 가능한 움직임을 보장합니다.

기하학적으로 복잡한 건물 구조를 가진 대형 쇼핑몰을 생각해 보십시오. 이 단지는 작고 기하학적으로 조밀하며 독립적 인 것으로 세분화됩니다.

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

토목공학

Unit 1

제1단원

Masonry

석공사

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

Types of Building Separation Joints

building joints for movement and stability

Building separation joints help large or complex buildings move in a controlled way. They split a structure into smaller, separate units. This reduces stress when the building shifts under different forces.

The joints are grouped into three main types: volume-change joints, settlement joints, and seismic separation joints. Volume-change joints handle expansion and contraction caused by temperature changes and moisture changes. They are placed where the building mass has discontinuities, because cracking is more likely there. In long buildings, they are often spaced about 150 to 200 feet apart. The exact spacing depends on the material and on how much size change is expected.

Settlement joints prevent structural distress caused by different parts of a building settling at different rates. This can happen when one section uses a different foundation type or when parts of the building sit on different soil conditions. Seismic separation joints are used in earthquake-prone areas. They divide a building into smaller segments so each part can move on its own during shaking.

In practice, these joints are created by building independent structures on each side of the joint. In some cases, the sides have separate foundations and separate structural elements. This design helps the building respond to movement without major damage.

Building Joints for Movement and Stability

building-joints-for-movement-and-stability

composite masonry walls

Bonding and Materials in Composite Masonry

Composite masonry walls use two or more wythes, or vertical layers, of masonry to form one unified wall. The wythes may use the same material or different masonry materials. They are joined to work together as a single structure. These wythes can be bonded in several ways. Builders may use mortar-filled collar joints, grouted spaces, or rigid metal ties with reinforcement. Masonry header units can also connect the layers, but this method is rare. Metal ties are often preferred because they...

masonry cavity walls

Masonry Cavity Walls and Moisture Control

Masonry cavity walls use two wythes, or layers, with a hollow space between them. The outer and inner wythes are linked only by corrosion-resistant metal ties. This design helps manage water and improve wall performance. When rainwater passes through the outer wythe, it moves down through the cavity. Flashing catches the water and directs it toward weep holes, where it can leave the wall. The inner wythe often has damp-proofing on the cavity side. This layer also works as an air barrier. The...

masonry loadbearing walls

How Masonry Walls Support Buildings

Masonry load-bearing walls support floors and roofs and carry those loads down to the foundation. They are built from brick, stone, or concrete masonry units. These walls rely on compressive strength, which means they can resist pushes from above very well. Masonry walls may be reinforced or unreinforced, depending on the building needs. They carry dead loads and live loads while using working stresses that stay below the materials' ultimate strength. That safety margin helps the structure...

masonry curtain walls

Masonry Curtain Walls and Support Systems

Masonry curtain walls use brick or stone veneer as an exterior cladding system. The veneer is supported by the building structure, so the wall can be both attractive and functional. Two main construction methods are used for these walls. One method builds the masonry units in place through traditional layering. The other uses prefabricated panels that are assembled on the ground and then lifted into position. In traditional construction, steel shelf angles attached to the spandrel beam carry...

posttensioned masonry walls

How Masonry Walls Gain Extra Strength

Post-tensioned masonry walls gain extra strength from high-strength steel rods or flexible tendons. These tensioning elements are anchored to the foundation and run vertically through the wall. In some walls, they sit inside the cores of the masonry units. In others, they are placed between the masonry wythes, or layers. The wall is built first with the tensioning elements already in place. After the mortar cures fully, the wall is tightened. Steel rods are tensioned by turning nuts against...

cavity drainage and flashings in masonry walls

cavity-drainage-and-flashings-in-masonry-walls

Moisture Control in Masonry Cavity Walls

Masonry cavity walls use a gap between two wythes, or wall layers, to help control moisture. The cavity is usually at least 2 inches wide, and it may contain insulation. Even with insulation, a clear space of at least 1 inch is kept so water can drain away. Some walls also use a continuous drainage mat to reduce the needed space while still moving moisture out. Weep holes are another key part of cavity drainage. These openings sit at the base of the cavity and let collected water escape. They...

thermal insulation in masonry walls

Masonry Wall Insulation Options

Masonry wall insulation can be placed on the outside, inside the wall, or on the interior surface. The best choice depends on the climate, the building design, and whether the wall is being built new or retrofitted. In hot, dry climates, masonry can help smooth indoor temperatures by absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night. In many other climates, extra insulation is needed to improve thermal resistance. One common exterior method is an Exterior Insulation and Finish System, or...

expansion and contraction in masonry walls

expansion-and-contraction-in-masonry-walls

Masonry Wall Joints for Temperature and Moisture

Masonry walls change size slightly as temperature and moisture change. Builders account for this movement so the wall does not crack or shift out of place. Thermal movement is usually easy to measure and plan for. Moisture movement is harder to predict. New clay masonry units often absorb water and expand over time in normal outdoor conditions. New concrete masonry units behave differently. They usually shrink as they lose extra moisture gained during production. These opposite changes make...

movement joints in buildings

How Buildings Handle Structural Movement

Buildings are designed to handle movement from temperature changes, moisture changes, and structural deflection. If these changes are ignored, they can cause visible damage or even unsafe conditions. Movement joints give building materials room to move without creating distress. Working joints are the simplest type. They are placed during construction and help materials cope with change as the building goes up. Shingled roofs and wood bevel siding are common examples because they can move with...

types of building separation joints

Building separation joints help large or complex buildings move in a controlled way. They split a structure into smaller, separate units. This reduces stress when the building shifts under different forces. The joints are grouped into three main types: volume-change joints, settlement joints, and seismic separation joints. Volume-change joints handle expansion and contraction caused by temperature changes and moisture changes. They are placed where the building mass has discontinuities,...

efflorescence in masonry

Stopping White Salt Crystals on Masonry

Efflorescence is the white, fluffy crystal layer that can form on masonry walls. It happens when water-soluble salts in brick, stone, concrete, or mortar are dissolved by water and carried to the surface. When the water evaporates, the salts are left behind as a powdery deposit. New efflorescence is often seen soon after construction. In many cases, it can be cleaned with water and a brush. It may also fade over time as rain leaches salts out of the masonry surface. If efflorescence appears...

mortar joint deterioration in masonry

Repairing Damaged Mortar Joints in Masonry

Mortar joints in masonry can break down when water collects in them and freezes. The repeated freezing and thawing makes the water expand and shrink. That process creates cracks in the joints and can spread damage over time. As the mortar worsens, pieces may spall, or break off from the joint surface. Loose masonry units can follow, and the wall becomes weaker. Damaged joints also let moisture move into the wall, which adds to the problem. Good construction helps protect mortar joints. Using...

masonry in cold and hot weather conditions

masonry-in-cold-and-hot-weather-conditions

Protecting Mortar During Weather Changes

Masonry work changes in cold and hot weather because mortar must stay at the right temperature and moisture level. If mortar freezes before it cures, its strength and watertightness can drop. For proper hydration and curing, mortar should stay between 60°F and 80°F. When the weather is below 40°F, the water used for mortar must be heated. The water should not exceed 120°F, because very hot water can reduce compressive strength and bond strength. Masonry units and sand should also stay dry and...

masonry paving

Masonry Paving Materials and Base Layers

Masonry paving uses bricks, stones, and concrete masonry units to create durable walking and driving surfaces. These materials are selected for their shape, color, strength, and resistance to abrasion and weathering. Masonry units can be used in different paving setups depending on the site and the load they must carry. Some paving systems are installed dry on a thin sand layer over a gravel base. Others are set in mortar or asphalt on a concrete slab. For areas with heavy vehicular loads, a...

key terms and concepts

Explore how building separation joints reduce cracking, settlement stress, and earthquake damage by letting large structures move in smaller independent sections.

Building Joints for Movement and Stability | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering offers a foundational exploration of essential construction materials such as bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete, along with fluid mechanics topics like flow over immersed bodies, open channel flow, and dimensional modeling. It also covers key surveying concepts, including leveling, traverse adjustments, curve design, topographic mapping, and geospatial technologies (GPS & GIS). Science-in-action videos showcase laboratory research on materials, fluids, and surveying practices in real-world engineering systems.

civil engineering

Building Joints for Movement and Stability

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