Name: wood structure and uses in building
Uploaded: 2024-09-12T16:16:32.000Z
Duration: 1 min 19 s
Channel: JoVE

나무의 근원인 나무는 몸통이 죽은 껍질의 차폐층으로 둘러싸여 있습니다.
죽은 바깥쪽 껍질 아래에는 살아있는 나무껍질이 있습니다. 다음은 형성층이고, 그 다음에는 두꺼운 변재가 있는데, 나이가 들면서 심재가 됩니다. 속은 트렁크의 핵심에 있습니다.
나무의 나이는 나무 줄기에 있는 나이테라고 하는 동심원의 띠를 세어 결정할 수 있습니다.
줄기의 길이에 맞춰 정렬된 길쭉한 관 모양의 세포가 나무의 결을 정의합니다. 나무는 곡물에 수직 인 방향보다 곡물 방향으로 더 큰 하중을 견딜 수 있습니다.
목재는 긴 원통형 통나무 형태로 나무에서 조달되어 절단을 위해 공장으로 운반됩니다.
통나무는 일반적으로 공장에서 보드와 슬래브로 자르고 사용하기 전에 양념합니다.
목재, 특히 목재 및 목재 형태의 목재는 가장 친숙한 건축 자재 중 하나입니다.
문, 창문, 바닥, 기둥, 기둥 및 계단 난간은 목재를 사용하여 구성됩니다.
또한 목재는 합판, 파티클보드 및 하드보드를 제조하는 데 사용됩니다.

목재 소개

Introduction to Wood

나무에서 추출한 목재는 다재다능하고 널리 사용되는 건축 자재입니다. 나무는 죽은 나무껍질의 보호층으로 둘러싸인 줄기를 특징으로 합니다. 이 바깥층 아래에는 살아있는 나무껍질이 있고, 그 다음에 형성층이 있고, 그 다음에 변재가 있으며, 변재는 성숙하면서 심재로 전환됩니다. 줄기의 중앙에는 수심이 있습니다. 나무의 나이는 줄기의 횡단면에서 볼 수 있는 동심원 띠인 성장 고리를 조사하여 알 수 있습니다.

목재의 구조적 안정성은 나무결에 영향을 받습니다. 나무결은 길쭉한 관 모양의 세포가 줄기의 길이에 맞춰 정렬된 것인데, 결에 수직인 방향보다 결 방향으로 더 큰 하중을 견딜 수 있습니다.

목재는 큰 원통형 통나무 형태로 제공되며 제재소로 운반되어 판자와 슬랩으로 변형됩니다. 건설에 사용되기 전에 목재는 일반적으로 수분 함량을 줄이고 내구성을 높이기 위해 건조합니다.

목재는 건축에서 목재 또는 제재 되기 전의 목재 상태로 사용되며 문, 창문, 바닥, 지붕, 기둥, 보, 계단 난간을 포함한 다양한 구조적 요소와 고정물을 만드는 데 필수적입니다. 또한 가구와 비계를 만드는 데 사용됩니다. 단단한 목재 외에도 합판, 파티클보드, 하드보드를 제조하는 기본 재료로도 사용됩니다.

나무의 근원인 나무는 몸통이 죽은 껍질의 차폐층으로 둘러싸여 있습니다.
죽은 바깥쪽 껍질 아래에는 살아있는 나무껍질이 있습니다. 다음은 형성층이고, 그 다음에는 ...

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

토목공학

Unit 1

제1단원

Wood

나무

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

wood structure and uses in building

Wood is a construction material made from trees. A tree trunk has several layers. The outside is a protective layer of dead bark. Under that is living bark, then the cambium, then sapwood. As sapwood matures, it becomes heartwood. The pith sits at the center of the trunk.

The age of a tree can be read from its growth rings. These rings are concentric bands seen in a trunk cross-section. Wood strength also depends on grain. Grain refers to elongated, tubular cells that run along the length of the trunk. Wood can carry greater loads along the grain than across it.

Wood is usually cut as large cylindrical logs and sent to mills. There, it is turned into boards and slabs. Before construction use, wood is often seasoned. Seasoning lowers moisture content and helps improve durability.

In building, wood is used as lumber or timber. It is important for doors, windows, flooring, roofing, columns, beams, and stair railings. It is also used to make furniture and scaffolding. Wood is also a base material for plywood, particleboard, and hardboard.

Wood Structure and Uses in Building

introduction to wood

Wood is a construction material made from trees. A tree trunk has several layers. The outside is a protective layer of dead bark. Under that is living bark, then the cambium, then sapwood. As sapwood matures, it becomes heartwood. The pith sits at the center of the trunk. The age of a tree can be read from its growth rings. These rings are concentric bands seen in a trunk cross-section. Wood strength also depends on grain. Grain refers to elongated, tubular cells that run along the length of...

softwoods and hardwoods

Wood Grain in Softwoods and Hardwoods

Softwoods and hardwoods come from different kinds of trees, and their leaf structures and cell makeup help explain how they are used. Softwoods come from cone-bearing trees with needle-like leaves. Hardwoods usually come from trees that shed broad leaves seasonally. Softwoods are made mostly of long cells called tracheids and a smaller number of rays, which are radial cells. This simpler structure gives softwoods a rougher grain. Because of this, they are often used in construction for...

lumber

Lumber Cutting Methods

Lumber is made from logs that are harvested, debarked, and processed into long pieces with a rectangular cross-section. The process starts when an automated saw slices a log into slabs. Those slabs then move on a conveyor belt to smaller saws, where they are cut into square-edged pieces of specific widths. Freshly cut lumber usually has rough surfaces. Its dimensions may also vary slightly from one end to the other. The way wood is cut affects both the lumber’s appearance and how it is used. <br...

structural properties and dimensions of lumber

structural-properties-and-dimensions-of-lumber

Wood Strength Tests and Lumber Sizes

Wood strength depends on how its fibers are aligned along the length of the tree. This alignment gives wood much greater tensile strength along the grain than across it, sometimes up to twenty times higher. Wood also tends to perform better under compression than under tension. Fiber length varies by wood type. Hardwoods have fibers about one twenty-fifth of an inch long. Softwoods have longer fibers that range from one-eighth to one-third of an inch. Laboratory tests help measure how wood...

seasoning of wood

Wood Drying for Stronger Construction

Seasoning of wood is the drying process used to lower and stabilize moisture content before wood is used in construction. Fresh wood can swell when it takes in moisture and contract as it dries. Seasoning helps reduce that movement so the wood stays more stable after it is built into a structure. The main goal is to reach equilibrium moisture content. This is the point where the wood’s moisture level matches the moisture in the surrounding environment. When wood is seasoned properly, it is...

wood surfacing

Wood Surfacing for Smooth, Safe Lumber

Wood surfacing smooths lumber, improves its size accuracy, and makes it safer to handle. It is a key finishing step in woodworking and construction. The process also helps correct small distortions that can form as wood dries. Before surfacing, the wood may be sized slightly larger to account for shrinkage during seasoning, which is the drying stage. A plane, a tool with rotating blades, is used to remove material and smooth the surface. The same tool can also round the edges a little, which...

lumber defects

Common Wood Flaws in Lumber

Lumber defects are flaws in wood that can change both its appearance and its strength. These defects come from tree growth and from the way lumber is processed. Knowing the main defects helps explain why some boards are better for construction and manufacturing than others. Some defects begin in the tree itself. Knots form where branches were once attached to the trunk, and knotholes appear when those knots fall out. Decay and insect damage are also natural defects that can weaken wood and...

wood fasteners

Wood Fastener Types and Uses

Wood fasteners connect parts of a wood structure and help keep members in place. The strength of the connection depends mainly on direct bearing between the wood members. Different fasteners are chosen for different jobs and structural needs. Nails are the most common wood fasteners. They are sharp-pointed metal pins that are driven into wood with a hammer or a mechanical nail gun. Nails come in many diameters, head styles, and lengths. Nailing methods also matter. Face nailing places the...

veneer

How Veneer Is Cut and Used

Veneer is a thin sheet of wood that is usually about one-eighth of an inch thick or less. It is made to show the look of wood while using timber more efficiently. Veneer is common in furniture and other finished wood products. One common way to make veneer is rotary cutting. In this method, a log is mounted in a large lathe and spun against a knife edge. As the knife moves deeper into the turning log, it peels off a continuous strip of wood. This creates rotary-cut veneer. Other veneer...

wood products

Engineered Wood Products in Construction

Engineered wood products are made from wood strands, veneers, lumber, and even waste wood shreds. They are used in both structural and nonstructural building applications. These materials are designed to improve strength, durability, and versatility in modern construction. Glue-laminated wood, or glulam, is made by bonding several smaller pieces of dimensional lumber with adhesive. Cross-laminated timber uses solid lumber panels with layers placed so the grain direction alternates. This layer...

wood panel products

Types of Wood Panels in Construction

Wood panels are common construction materials used for flooring, siding, and roofing. They usually come in standard 4-foot by 8-foot sheets. Their thickness can range from one-quarter of an inch to one and one-eighth inches. Plywood is one of the most familiar wood panels. It is made by gluing thin wood veneers, or layers, under pressure. The outer veneer grain runs lengthwise, while the inner layers run widthwise. Plywood also has an odd number of layers, which helps keep the panel...

key terms and concepts

Explore how tree layers, growth rings, grain, and seasoning affect wood. Learn how logs become lumber used in buildings, furniture, and panels.

Wood Structure and Uses in Building | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering offers a foundational exploration of essential construction materials such as bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete, along with fluid mechanics topics like flow over immersed bodies, open channel flow, and dimensional modeling. It also covers key surveying concepts, including leveling, traverse adjustments, curve design, topographic mapping, and geospatial technologies (GPS & GIS). Science-in-action videos showcase laboratory research on materials, fluids, and surveying practices in real-world engineering systems.

civil engineering

Wood Structure and Uses in Building

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