Name: lumber cutting methods
Uploaded: 2024-09-12T16:16:32.000Z
Duration: 1 min 19 s
Channel: JoVE

건축에 사용되는 길고 직사각형의 나무 조각을 목재라고합니다.
나무에서 수확한 통나무는 껍질을 벗기고 자동 톱을 통해 반복적으로 공급됩니다.
통나무를 자를 때마다 슬래브는 컨베이어 벨트를 통해 더 작은 톱으로 운반됩니다. 여기에서 슬래브는 필요한 너비의 정사각형 모서리 목재로 절단됩니다.
이 단계에서 절단 조각의 표면은 거칠고 치수는 한쪽 끝에서 다른 쪽 끝까지 약간 다를 수 있습니다.
목재는 플레인 톱 또는 쿼터 톱으로 얻습니다. Plainsawn 목재는 보드의 넓은면에 평평하게 나무의 성장 고리를 묘사하며 일반적으로 구조용 목재로 사용됩니다.
쿼터톱 목재에서 성장 고리는 침엽수에서 대략 45도 이상, 활엽수에서는 60도 이상으로 보드의 넓은 면에 정렬됩니다. 쿼터톱 침엽수는 바닥재, 트림 및 사이딩에 사용됩니다.
Riftsawing은 활엽수에도 사용되며, riftsawn 활엽수의 성장 고리는 보드의 넓은면에 30-60도 각도로 정렬되어 외관과 내구성이 필수적인 곳에 사용됩니다.

목재

목재는 수확된 통나무의 껍질을 제거한 후 직사각형 조각으로 가공하여 만들어집니다. 통나무를 목재로 변환하기 위해서는 여러 단계를 거치며, 자동화된 톱으로 통나무의 판으로 자르는 것으로 시작합니다. 그런 다음, 이 판은 컨베이어 벨트를 따라 이동한 후에, 소형 톱으로 절단되어 특정 너비의 정사각형 조각으로 가공됩니다.

처음에 이러한 목재 조각의 표면은 거칠고 한쪽 끝과 다른 쪽 끝의 치수도 약간 다를 수 있습니다. 목재를 절단하는 방법은 목재의 특성과 용도에 상당한 영향을 미칩니다. 목재는 판목제재(Plain sawing), 정목제재(Quarter sawing) 또는 경사결제재(Rift sawing), 세 가지 방법으로 나뉩니다.

판목제재 목재는 보드의 더 넓은 면을 따라 성장 고리가 거의 평평하게 나타나며, 생산 효율성과 비용 효율성으로 인해 구조적 응용 분야에 일반적으로 사용됩니다. 정목제재의 목재는 연목의 성장 고리가 보드의 넓은 면에 대해 약 45도, 경목의 경우 약 60도로 정렬되어 안정성과 외관이 향상되며, 바닥재, 트림, 외장재와 같은 제품에 선호됩니다. 경사결제재는 주로 경목에 적용되는데, 성장 고리를 30~60도 각도로 정렬하여 미적 매력과 내구성을 최적화하여 고품질 가구 및 장식용 제품에 이상적입니다. 각 절단 기술은 건설 및 목공 산업의 다양한 요구를 충족하며 뚜렷한 장점을 제공합니다.

건축에 사용되는 길고 직사각형의 나무 조각을 목재라고합니다.
나무에서 수확 한 통나무는 껍질을 벗기고 자동화 된 통나무를 통해 반복적으로 공급됩니다.

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

토목공학

Unit 1

제1단원

Wood

나무

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

Lumber

lumber cutting methods

Lumber is made from logs that are harvested, debarked, and processed into long pieces with a rectangular cross-section. The process starts when an automated saw slices a log into slabs. Those slabs then move on a conveyor belt to smaller saws, where they are cut into square-edged pieces of specific widths.

Freshly cut lumber usually has rough surfaces. Its dimensions may also vary slightly from one end to the other. The way wood is cut affects both the lumber’s appearance and how it is used.

Lumber is cut in three main ways: plainsawing, quartersawing, and riftsawing. Plainsawn lumber has growth rings that lie nearly flat on the board’s wider face. It is often used for structural applications because it is efficient to produce and cost-effective.

Quartersawn lumber places the growth rings at about 45 degrees in softwoods and 60 degrees in hardwoods to the wider face of the board. It is often chosen for flooring, trim, and siding because it is more stable and has a better appearance. Riftsawing is used mainly for hardwoods. It sets the growth rings at a 30 to 60-degree angle and is well suited for high-quality furnishings and decorative uses because it improves durability and visual appeal.

Lumber Cutting Methods

introduction to wood

Wood Structure and Uses in Building

Wood is a construction material made from trees. A tree trunk has several layers. The outside is a protective layer of dead bark. Under that is living bark, then the cambium, then sapwood. As sapwood matures, it becomes heartwood. The pith sits at the center of the trunk. The age of a tree can be read from its growth rings. These rings are concentric bands seen in a trunk cross-section. Wood strength also depends on grain. Grain refers to elongated, tubular cells that run along the length of...

softwoods and hardwoods

Wood Grain in Softwoods and Hardwoods

Softwoods and hardwoods come from different kinds of trees, and their leaf structures and cell makeup help explain how they are used. Softwoods come from cone-bearing trees with needle-like leaves. Hardwoods usually come from trees that shed broad leaves seasonally. Softwoods are made mostly of long cells called tracheids and a smaller number of rays, which are radial cells. This simpler structure gives softwoods a rougher grain. Because of this, they are often used in construction for...

lumber

Lumber is made from logs that are harvested, debarked, and processed into long pieces with a rectangular cross-section. The process starts when an automated saw slices a log into slabs. Those slabs then move on a conveyor belt to smaller saws, where they are cut into square-edged pieces of specific widths. Freshly cut lumber usually has rough surfaces. Its dimensions may also vary slightly from one end to the other. The way wood is cut affects both the lumber’s appearance and how it is used. <br...

structural properties and dimensions of lumber

structural-properties-and-dimensions-of-lumber

Wood Strength Tests and Lumber Sizes

Wood strength depends on how its fibers are aligned along the length of the tree. This alignment gives wood much greater tensile strength along the grain than across it, sometimes up to twenty times higher. Wood also tends to perform better under compression than under tension. Fiber length varies by wood type. Hardwoods have fibers about one twenty-fifth of an inch long. Softwoods have longer fibers that range from one-eighth to one-third of an inch. Laboratory tests help measure how wood...

seasoning of wood

Wood Drying for Stronger Construction

Seasoning of wood is the drying process used to lower and stabilize moisture content before wood is used in construction. Fresh wood can swell when it takes in moisture and contract as it dries. Seasoning helps reduce that movement so the wood stays more stable after it is built into a structure. The main goal is to reach equilibrium moisture content. This is the point where the wood’s moisture level matches the moisture in the surrounding environment. When wood is seasoned properly, it is...

wood surfacing

Wood Surfacing for Smooth, Safe Lumber

Wood surfacing smooths lumber, improves its size accuracy, and makes it safer to handle. It is a key finishing step in woodworking and construction. The process also helps correct small distortions that can form as wood dries. Before surfacing, the wood may be sized slightly larger to account for shrinkage during seasoning, which is the drying stage. A plane, a tool with rotating blades, is used to remove material and smooth the surface. The same tool can also round the edges a little, which...

lumber defects

Common Wood Flaws in Lumber

Lumber defects are flaws in wood that can change both its appearance and its strength. These defects come from tree growth and from the way lumber is processed. Knowing the main defects helps explain why some boards are better for construction and manufacturing than others. Some defects begin in the tree itself. Knots form where branches were once attached to the trunk, and knotholes appear when those knots fall out. Decay and insect damage are also natural defects that can weaken wood and...

wood fasteners

Wood Fastener Types and Uses

Wood fasteners connect parts of a wood structure and help keep members in place. The strength of the connection depends mainly on direct bearing between the wood members. Different fasteners are chosen for different jobs and structural needs. Nails are the most common wood fasteners. They are sharp-pointed metal pins that are driven into wood with a hammer or a mechanical nail gun. Nails come in many diameters, head styles, and lengths. Nailing methods also matter. Face nailing places the...

veneer

How Veneer Is Cut and Used

Veneer is a thin sheet of wood that is usually about one-eighth of an inch thick or less. It is made to show the look of wood while using timber more efficiently. Veneer is common in furniture and other finished wood products. One common way to make veneer is rotary cutting. In this method, a log is mounted in a large lathe and spun against a knife edge. As the knife moves deeper into the turning log, it peels off a continuous strip of wood. This creates rotary-cut veneer. Other veneer...

wood products

Engineered Wood Products in Construction

Engineered wood products are made from wood strands, veneers, lumber, and even waste wood shreds. They are used in both structural and nonstructural building applications. These materials are designed to improve strength, durability, and versatility in modern construction. Glue-laminated wood, or glulam, is made by bonding several smaller pieces of dimensional lumber with adhesive. Cross-laminated timber uses solid lumber panels with layers placed so the grain direction alternates. This layer...

wood panel products

Types of Wood Panels in Construction

Wood panels are common construction materials used for flooring, siding, and roofing. They usually come in standard 4-foot by 8-foot sheets. Their thickness can range from one-quarter of an inch to one and one-eighth inches. Plywood is one of the most familiar wood panels. It is made by gluing thin wood veneers, or layers, under pressure. The outer veneer grain runs lengthwise, while the inner layers run widthwise. Plywood also has an odd number of layers, which helps keep the panel...

key terms and concepts

Learn how logs become lumber and how plainsawing, quartersawing, and riftsawing change the wood’s look, stability, and uses in construction and furniture.

Lumber Cutting Methods | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering offers a foundational exploration of essential construction materials such as bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete, along with fluid mechanics topics like flow over immersed bodies, open channel flow, and dimensional modeling. It also covers key surveying concepts, including leveling, traverse adjustments, curve design, topographic mapping, and geospatial technologies (GPS & GIS). Science-in-action videos showcase laboratory research on materials, fluids, and surveying practices in real-world engineering systems.

civil engineering

Lumber Cutting Methods

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