Name: wood drying for stronger construction
Uploaded: 2024-09-12T16:16:32.000Z
Duration: 1 min 15 s
Channel: JoVE

바닥재로 사용되는 양념되지 않은 목재를 생각해 보십시오—수분이 증발할 때 목재가 수축하여 바닥의 접합부에 틈이 생깁니다.
나무는 수분을 흡수할 때 부풀어 오르고 건조되면 수축합니다.
주변 공기와 일치하는 목재 내 수분의 양을 평형 수분 함량이라고 합니다.
조미료는 시공 후 목재가 수축하는 것을 막아 건축 구조물의 구조적 손상과 미적 손상을 방지합니다.
공기 건조는 목재를 느슨하게 쌓고, 지면에서 적절하게 높이고, 적절한 환기를 위해 거리를 두고, 구부러지지 않도록 정렬하는 조미료 방법입니다. 각 말뚝은 방수 지붕 아래 비와 눈으로부터 보호됩니다.
조미료는 또한 가마 건조에 의해 이루어지며, 목재는 공기 건조와 같이 가마에 배치하여 양념합니다.
표준 골조 목재는 안정성을 위해 수분을 19%로 건조합니다. 수축 제어를 위해 구조용 목재는 15%까지 건조됩니다.
노련한 목재에서 왜곡이 관찰되며, 이는 나무 내 나무 조각의 원래 위치에 따라 달라집니다.

목재건조법

목재건조법은 목재가 건설에 사용된 후 수축, 구조적 손상 또는 미적 문제를 방지하기 위해 목재의 수분 함량을 줄이고 안정화하는 것을 목표로 하는 중요한 공정입니다. 목재가 수분을 흡수하면 자연스럽게 팽창하고, 건조되면 수축합니다.

목재건조법의 목표는 균형수분함량에 도달하는 것입니다. 이는 목재의 수분 함량이 주변 환경의 습도와 일치하여 안정화되는 지점을 말합니다. 적절하게 건조된 목재는 건축에서 사용된 후 수축하지 않으며, 구조적 무결성과 외관을 유지합니다.

목재건조법으로는 자연건조와 인공건조의 두 가지 방법이 있습니다. 자연건조는 목재를 느슨한 층으로 쌓고, 공기 순환이 잘되도록 적절한 간격으로 지면에서 일정 높이로 올린 후, 방수 지붕으로, 습기로부터 보호하는 방법입니다. 이 방법으로, 목재는 건조되면서 뒤틀리지 않고, 일정한 상태를 유지합니다.

반면, 인조건조는 통제된 환경에서 건조 과정을 가속합니다. 가마 내에서 일반건조와 비슷하게 목재를 배열합니다. 표준 골조 목재는 일반적으로 안정성을 보장하기 위해 수분 함량이 19%가 되도록 건조하고, 구조용 목재는 수축을 효과적으로 제어하기 위해 수분 함량이 15%가 되도록 건조할 수 있습니다.

건조된 목재는 나무의 원래 위치에 따라 변형이 발생할 수 있습니다. 이러한 건조법은 내구성과 수명을 보장하여 목재가 다양한 건축 용도로 사용할 수 있도록 합니다.

바닥재로 사용되는 양념되지 않은 목재를 생각해 보십시오—수분이 증발할 때 목재가 수축하여 바닥의 접합부에 틈이 생깁니다.
나무...

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

토목공학

Unit 1

제1단원

Wood

나무

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

Seasoning of Wood

wood drying for stronger construction

Seasoning of wood is the drying process used to lower and stabilize moisture content before wood is used in construction. Fresh wood can swell when it takes in moisture and contract as it dries. Seasoning helps reduce that movement so the wood stays more stable after it is built into a structure.

The main goal is to reach equilibrium moisture content. This is the point where the wood’s moisture level matches the moisture in the surrounding environment. When wood is seasoned properly, it is less likely to shrink after construction and cause structural damage or changes in appearance.

There are two common methods of seasoning wood: air drying and kiln drying. In air drying, lumber is stacked loosely in layers, raised off the ground, and spaced to allow good air circulation. A waterproof roof protects the stack from moisture, and the arrangement helps the wood dry without warping.

Kiln drying speeds up the process in a controlled setting called a kiln. The wood is arranged in a similar way to air drying, but the environment is managed more closely. Standard framing lumber is often dried to about 19 percent moisture content, while structural lumber may be dried to about 15 percent to better control shrinkage.

Seasoned lumber can still show some distortions. These changes depend on the wood’s original position in the tree. Seasoning prepares lumber for use in construction and helps improve durability and long-term performance.

Wood Drying for Stronger Construction

introduction to wood

Wood Structure and Uses in Building

Wood is a construction material made from trees. A tree trunk has several layers. The outside is a protective layer of dead bark. Under that is living bark, then the cambium, then sapwood. As sapwood matures, it becomes heartwood. The pith sits at the center of the trunk. The age of a tree can be read from its growth rings. These rings are concentric bands seen in a trunk cross-section. Wood strength also depends on grain. Grain refers to elongated, tubular cells that run along the length of...

softwoods and hardwoods

Wood Grain in Softwoods and Hardwoods

Softwoods and hardwoods come from different kinds of trees, and their leaf structures and cell makeup help explain how they are used. Softwoods come from cone-bearing trees with needle-like leaves. Hardwoods usually come from trees that shed broad leaves seasonally. Softwoods are made mostly of long cells called tracheids and a smaller number of rays, which are radial cells. This simpler structure gives softwoods a rougher grain. Because of this, they are often used in construction for...

lumber

Lumber Cutting Methods

Lumber is made from logs that are harvested, debarked, and processed into long pieces with a rectangular cross-section. The process starts when an automated saw slices a log into slabs. Those slabs then move on a conveyor belt to smaller saws, where they are cut into square-edged pieces of specific widths. Freshly cut lumber usually has rough surfaces. Its dimensions may also vary slightly from one end to the other. The way wood is cut affects both the lumber’s appearance and how it is used. <br...

structural properties and dimensions of lumber

structural-properties-and-dimensions-of-lumber

Wood Strength Tests and Lumber Sizes

Wood strength depends on how its fibers are aligned along the length of the tree. This alignment gives wood much greater tensile strength along the grain than across it, sometimes up to twenty times higher. Wood also tends to perform better under compression than under tension. Fiber length varies by wood type. Hardwoods have fibers about one twenty-fifth of an inch long. Softwoods have longer fibers that range from one-eighth to one-third of an inch. Laboratory tests help measure how wood...

seasoning of wood

Seasoning of wood is the drying process used to lower and stabilize moisture content before wood is used in construction. Fresh wood can swell when it takes in moisture and contract as it dries. Seasoning helps reduce that movement so the wood stays more stable after it is built into a structure. The main goal is to reach equilibrium moisture content. This is the point where the wood’s moisture level matches the moisture in the surrounding environment. When wood is seasoned properly, it is...

wood surfacing

Wood Surfacing for Smooth, Safe Lumber

Wood surfacing smooths lumber, improves its size accuracy, and makes it safer to handle. It is a key finishing step in woodworking and construction. The process also helps correct small distortions that can form as wood dries. Before surfacing, the wood may be sized slightly larger to account for shrinkage during seasoning, which is the drying stage. A plane, a tool with rotating blades, is used to remove material and smooth the surface. The same tool can also round the edges a little, which...

lumber defects

Common Wood Flaws in Lumber

Lumber defects are flaws in wood that can change both its appearance and its strength. These defects come from tree growth and from the way lumber is processed. Knowing the main defects helps explain why some boards are better for construction and manufacturing than others. Some defects begin in the tree itself. Knots form where branches were once attached to the trunk, and knotholes appear when those knots fall out. Decay and insect damage are also natural defects that can weaken wood and...

wood fasteners

Wood Fastener Types and Uses

Wood fasteners connect parts of a wood structure and help keep members in place. The strength of the connection depends mainly on direct bearing between the wood members. Different fasteners are chosen for different jobs and structural needs. Nails are the most common wood fasteners. They are sharp-pointed metal pins that are driven into wood with a hammer or a mechanical nail gun. Nails come in many diameters, head styles, and lengths. Nailing methods also matter. Face nailing places the...

veneer

How Veneer Is Cut and Used

Veneer is a thin sheet of wood that is usually about one-eighth of an inch thick or less. It is made to show the look of wood while using timber more efficiently. Veneer is common in furniture and other finished wood products. One common way to make veneer is rotary cutting. In this method, a log is mounted in a large lathe and spun against a knife edge. As the knife moves deeper into the turning log, it peels off a continuous strip of wood. This creates rotary-cut veneer. Other veneer...

wood products

Engineered Wood Products in Construction

Engineered wood products are made from wood strands, veneers, lumber, and even waste wood shreds. They are used in both structural and nonstructural building applications. These materials are designed to improve strength, durability, and versatility in modern construction. Glue-laminated wood, or glulam, is made by bonding several smaller pieces of dimensional lumber with adhesive. Cross-laminated timber uses solid lumber panels with layers placed so the grain direction alternates. This layer...

wood panel products

Types of Wood Panels in Construction

Wood panels are common construction materials used for flooring, siding, and roofing. They usually come in standard 4-foot by 8-foot sheets. Their thickness can range from one-quarter of an inch to one and one-eighth inches. Plywood is one of the most familiar wood panels. It is made by gluing thin wood veneers, or layers, under pressure. The outer veneer grain runs lengthwise, while the inner layers run widthwise. Plywood also has an odd number of layers, which helps keep the panel...

key terms and concepts

Learn how seasoning reduces wood moisture, limits shrinkage, and prepares lumber for construction with air drying and kiln drying methods.

Wood Drying for Stronger Construction | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering offers a foundational exploration of essential construction materials such as bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete, along with fluid mechanics topics like flow over immersed bodies, open channel flow, and dimensional modeling. It also covers key surveying concepts, including leveling, traverse adjustments, curve design, topographic mapping, and geospatial technologies (GPS & GIS). Science-in-action videos showcase laboratory research on materials, fluids, and surveying practices in real-world engineering systems.

civil engineering

Wood Drying for Stronger Construction

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