Name: shotcrete for vertical and overhead surfaces
Uploaded: 2024-11-07T14:48:35.000Z
Duration: 1 min 18 s
Channel: JoVE

숏크리트는 모르타르가 풍부한 모르타르 또는 작은 골재 콘크리트를 호스를 통해 일반적으로 보강된 표면에 고속으로 분사하는 것을 포함합니다.
표면에 대한 고속 제트의 충격은 재료를 압축하여 수직 또는 머리 위 표면에 대한 접착을 용이하게 합니다.
숏크리트는 약 4인치의 두께에 도달하기 위해 점진적으로 분사되고 층을 이룹니다. 노즐 관리에 대한 작업자의 기술은 숏크리트의 품질을 보장하는 데 매우 중요합니다. 
드라이 믹스 방법을 사용하여 숏크리트를 적용하려면 처음에 시멘트와 습한 골재를 혼합한 다음 혼합물을 피더에 공급하고 압축 공기 흐름을 사용하여 호스를 통해 추진하는 것이 포함됩니다.
전달 노즐에 도달하면 압력이 가해진 물이 건조 혼합물에 주입되어 분무 준비가 된 젖은 콘크리트로 바뀝니다.
습식 믹스 숏크리트 공정에서는 건조 재료와 물을 혼합하여 납품 장비에 적재합니다.
그런 다음 이 습식 혼합물은 호스를 통해 공압식으로 전달되고 전달 노즐에서 압축 공기가 주입되어 혼합물이 투영되는 속도를 높입니다.

숏크리트

숏크리트는 시멘트 함량이 높은 모르타르 또는 작은 골재 콘크리트를 고속으로 표면에 분사하는 특수 기술입니다. 충격력은 재료를 압축하여 처짐 없이 수직 또는 머리 위 영역에 달라붙을 수 있게 합니다. 이 기술은 숏크리트를 단계적으로 겹치게 쌓아 두께가 약 10.16cm가 될 때까지 진행합니다. 노즐 관리에 대한 작업자의 기술은 숏크리트의 품질을 결정하는 데 중요합니다. 숏크리트는 터널 라이닝, 쉘 및 평평한 지붕, 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 탱크, 경사면 안정화, 수영장 건설 및 노후화된 콘크리트 구조물 복원에 사용됩니다.


 숏크리트를 적용하는 데는 건식 혼합과 습식 혼합의 두 가지 주요 방법이 있습니다. 건식 혼합 방법은 시멘트와 습한 골재를 결합하는 것으로 시작합니다. 그런 다음 이 혼합물을 공급기에 넣고 압축 공기로 호스를 통해 추진합니다. 공급 노즐에 도착하면 가압된 물이 건식 혼합물에 추가되어 습식 콘크리트로 변환된 다음 구조물에 분사됩니다. 반대로 습식 혼합 공정은 공급 시스템에 적재하기 전에 물을 포함한 모든 성분을 사전 혼합하는 것을 포함합니다. 이 사전 혼합된 습식 콘크리트는 호스를 통해 노즐로 공압으로 전달되고, 압축 공기가 주입되어 숏크리트가 표면에 적용되는 힘을 강화합니다.

숏크리트는 모르타르가 풍부한 모르타르 또는 작은 골재 콘크리트를 호스를 통해 일반적으로 표면에 고속으로 분사하는 것을 포함합니다 
...

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

토목공학

Unit 1

제1단원

Mixing, Placing and Curing Concrete 

콘크리트의 배합, 타설 및 양생

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

Shotcrete

shotcrete for vertical and overhead surfaces

Shotcrete is a concrete spraying method used on vertical and overhead surfaces. It uses mortar or small aggregate concrete with a high cement content. The material is sprayed at high velocity, and the impact helps compact it so it can cling without sagging.

Builders place shotcrete in layers until it reaches about 4 inches thick. The quality depends strongly on the operator’s skill in managing the nozzle. Careful nozzle control helps the material land evenly and build up properly.

Shotcrete is used for tunnel linings, shell and flat roofs, pre-stressed concrete tanks, slope stabilization, swimming pools, and repairing damaged concrete structures. These uses show why the method is useful for both new construction and restoration.

There are two main application methods: dry mix and wet mix. In dry mix, cement is first combined with moist aggregate, then sent through a hose by compressed air. Water is added at the nozzle, which turns the mix into wet concrete just before it is sprayed.

In wet mix, all ingredients, including water, are blended before they enter the delivery system. The pre-mixed wet concrete is moved pneumatically through a hose to the nozzle. There, compressed air is injected to increase the force of application onto the surface.

Shotcrete for Vertical and Overhead Surfaces

shotcrete-for-vertical-and-overhead-surfaces

mixing concrete

Concrete Mixer Types and Capacity

Concrete mixing creates a uniform blend of cement, aggregates, and paste. The goal is to coat the aggregates evenly with cement paste. Mixers used for this job are usually grouped into two main types: batch mixers and continuous mixers. Batch mixers handle one load at a time. They mix the materials thoroughly, discharge the batch, and then receive the next one. Continuous mixers work differently. They take in a steady flow of ingredients, mix them at a constant rate, and discharge the concrete...

mixing time

Concrete Mixer Charging and Timing

Concrete mixer charging and timing are key to making a uniform concrete mix with the needed strength. Mixing begins only after all ingredients are inside the mixer. The usual charging order starts with 10% of the water, then the solid materials are added steadily, followed by 80% of the water. The last portion of water is added later, within the first quarter of the total mixing period. The minimum mixing time depends on mixer capacity. Mixers with up to 1 cubic yard of capacity need at least...

ready mixed concrete

How Ready-Mixed Concrete Is Delivered

Ready-mixed concrete is prepared at a centralized plant and then delivered by truck to a construction site. It arrives ready for placement, which makes it different from concrete mixed entirely on site. Ready-mixed concrete includes three main forms: central-mixed, truck-mixed, and shrink-mixed. Central-mixed concrete is fully mixed at the plant and carried to the site in agitator trucks. These trucks rotate at 2 to 6 rpm, which helps keep the concrete in motion during transport. Truck-mixed...

pumped concrete

Concrete Pumping for Hard-to-Reach Sites

Concrete pumping moves large amounts of concrete through pipes to places that are hard to reach. It is used for sites such as deep foundation pits and other inaccessible locations. The system includes a hopper, a pump, and pipelines that carry the concrete to the placement point. Direct-acting pumps use a piston to move the concrete. Concrete enters the pump through the inlet valve by gravity and by suction created as the piston moves. The forward movement of the piston then pushes the...

placing concrete

Concrete Placement Methods and Compaction

Concrete placement methods focus on keeping the mix in a uniform shape and position. The concrete is placed as close as possible to its final location to reduce segregation, which is the separation of ingredients. It is then fully compacted to remove trapped air. The next layer is added while the layer below is still plastic, or soft enough to shape. The rate of placing and compacting concrete is kept equal. Concrete is laid in uniform layers, and hand shoveling is avoided. Moving concrete...

vibrating concrete

Concrete Compaction with Vibrators

Concrete compaction with vibrators helps newly poured concrete settle inside formwork and around reinforcement bars. The goal is to remove trapped air pockets and create a dense concrete mass. Mechanical vibration is a key part of that process. One common method uses an internal vibrator, also called a poker vibrator or immersion vibrator. It is quickly inserted through the full depth of the fresh concrete and slightly into the layer below, which is still in a plastic state. The vibrator is...

shotcrete

Shotcrete is a concrete spraying method used on vertical and overhead surfaces. It uses mortar or small aggregate concrete with a high cement content. The material is sprayed at high velocity, and the impact helps compact it so it can cling without sagging. Builders place shotcrete in layers until it reaches about 4 inches thick. The quality depends strongly on the operator’s skill in managing the nozzle. Careful nozzle control helps the material land evenly and build up properly. Shotcrete...

preplaced aggregate concrete

Concrete Placement for Tight Spaces

Preplaced aggregate concrete is used when a construction site is hard to reach. The process starts by wetting gap-graded coarse aggregates. This helps remove dirt from the stones. The aggregates are then placed in the form and compacted. Next, a mortar mix is pumped under pressure through slotted pipes to fill the spaces between the aggregates. The mortar usually contains Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan reduces bleeding and segregation and...

finishing concrete

Concrete Surface Finishing Steps

Concrete surface finishing begins right after the concrete has been placed and consolidated. The first step is screeding, which levels the surface by removing extra material until it is even with the top of the formwork. A screed is a straight edge used for this leveling step. After screeding, a bull float or darby is used to smooth the surface further. These tools help lower high spots, fill low areas, and push larger aggregate particles deeper into the concrete. This preparation should...

curing of concrete

How Curing Improves Concrete Strength

Curing helps concrete gain strength after it has set. It keeps the concrete moist and at the right temperature so cement hydration can continue. Hydration is the process where cement reacts with water in the water-filled capillary pores and forms the products that fill spaces in the paste. Dry air can interrupt this process by pulling water from the concrete surface. Concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 can also lose water through self-desiccation, which means internal water is used up...

curing methods

Concrete Curing for Moisture Retention

Concrete curing for moisture retention helps fresh concrete keep the water it needs as it hardens. For members with a small surface-to-volume ratio, the forms are often oiled and moistened before the concrete is placed. These forms may stay in place for a long time to reduce moisture loss. If the form material can be wetted, it can also be kept damp. When forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and then covered with polythene sheets. Large horizontal concrete surfaces in dry...

accelerated curing of concrete

How Concrete Gains Strength Faster

Concrete can gain strength faster when heat and extra moisture speed up cement hydration. This faster hydration helps the concrete build early strength sooner than normal curing. The process is used when quicker hardening is needed after casting. One common method is steam curing. Concrete products may move through a chamber on a conveyor belt, or they may be encased in plastic so steam at atmospheric pressure can circulate around them. Steam curing starts with moist curing for about 3 to 5...

key terms and concepts

Learn how shotcrete is sprayed onto vertical and overhead surfaces, how dry mix and wet mix methods work, and where this concrete technique is used.

Shotcrete for Vertical and Overhead Surfaces | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering offers a foundational exploration of essential construction materials such as bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete, along with fluid mechanics topics like flow over immersed bodies, open channel flow, and dimensional modeling. It also covers key surveying concepts, including leveling, traverse adjustments, curve design, topographic mapping, and geospatial technologies (GPS & GIS). Science-in-action videos showcase laboratory research on materials, fluids, and surveying practices in real-world engineering systems.

civil engineering

Shotcrete for Vertical and Overhead Surfaces

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