Name: manometers and gauges for fluid pressure
Uploaded: 2025-02-13T15:43:11.000Z
Duration: 1 min 16 s
Channel: JoVE

유체 압력은 튜브의 액체 컬럼을 사용하여 수직 또는 경사면에서 측정되며, 이를 압력계라고 합니다. 액체 컬럼의 높이는 압력 차이를 결정합니다.
가장 간단한 압력계는 압력을 측정하는 데 사용되는 피에조미터 튜브입니다. 상단이 열리고 컨테이너에 연결된 수직 튜브로, 동일한 유체를 사용하여 튜브의 압력을 나타냅니다.
일반적으로 사용되는 또 다른 압력계는 유체 공급원에 연결된 U자형 튜브로 구성된 U-튜브 압력계입니다. 여기에는 게이지 유체라고 하는 다른 유체가 포함되어 있으며, 이 유체는 압력이 측정되는 유체와 혼합되지 않습니다.
경사형 튜브 압력계는 측정된 유체와 혼합되지 않는 게이지 유체를 포함하는 한쪽 다리가 기울어져 있으며 감도를 높이기 위해 경사면을 따라 압력 차이를 읽습니다.
U-튜브 및 경사 튜브 압력계는 일반적으로 시스템 내의 두 용기 또는 지점 사이의 압력 차이를 측정하는 데 사용됩니다.
다른 압력 게이지에는 유체 또는 가스의 압력을 측정하는 부르동 게이지와 대기압을 측정하는 아네로이드 기압계가 있습니다.

유체 압력 측정

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

유체 압력은 일반적으로 압력 차이를 나타내는 액체 기둥에 의존하는 마노미터라는 장치를 사용하여 측정합니다. 마노미터의 액체 기둥 높이는 유체가 가하는 압력을 반영하여 간단하면서도 효과적인 측정 수단을 제공합니다. 다양한 유형의 마노미터는 구성과 관련 유체 유형에 따라 특정 목적을 달성합니다.

기본 형태의 마노미터는 피에조미터로, 상단이 열려 있고 압력이 측정되는 동일한 유체로 채워진 수직 관입니다. 유체 용기에 연결하면 관 내 유체의 높이는 용기 내부의 압력과 직접 상관 관계가 있습니다. 더 복잡한 응용 프로그램의 경우 U자형 관 마노미터는 측정되는 유체와 섞이지 않는 게이지 유체로 채워진 U자형 관을 사용합니다. 이 설정은 두 지점 간의 차압 측정을 허용합니다.

또 다른 변형은 한쪽 다리가 기울어진 경사 관 마노미터입니다. 이 경사 다리는 경사면을 따라 측정 눈금을 늘려 감도를 높여 작은 압력 차이에 대한 정확한 판독이 가능합니다.

압력계 외에도 유체 및 대기압을 측정하는 다른 도구가 있습니다. 예를 들어, 부르동 게이지는 다양한 산업 분야에서 가스 또는 액체 압력을 측정하는 데 널리 사용되는 반면, 아네로이드 기압계는 대기압을 측정하며 일반적으로 날씨 예보 및 고도 측정에 사용됩니다.

유체 압력은 튜브의 액체 컬럼을 사용하여 수직 또는 경사면에서 측정되며, 이를 압력계라고 합니다. 액체 기둥의 높이 ...

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

토목공학

Unit 1

제1단원

Fluid Statics

유체 정역학

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

manometers and gauges for fluid pressure

Fluid pressure is measured with manometers and related gauges. These tools use a liquid column to show pressure differences. The height of the column gives a simple reading of the force the fluid exerts.

A basic manometer is the piezometer. It is a vertical tube that is open at the top and filled with the same fluid being measured. When the tube connects to a container, the fluid height in the tube matches the pressure inside that container.

For more detailed measurements, the U-tube manometer is used. It has a U-shaped tube filled with a gauge fluid that does not mix with the fluid being measured. This setup is useful for measuring the pressure difference between two points.

The inclined-tube manometer is another form of manometer. One leg of the tube is tilted. This incline makes the scale stretch out, so it is easier to read very small pressure differences.

Other pressure tools are also used in practice. The Bourdon gauge measures gas or liquid pressure in many industrial settings. The aneroid barometer measures atmospheric pressure and is used in weather forecasting and altitude measurements.

Manometers and Gauges for Fluid Pressure

concept of pressure at a point

Fluid Pressure at One Point

Fluid pressure at one point is the focus of this lesson. It shows that pressure in a fluid is the same in every direction at a single location. This happens because fluid molecules move randomly and collide with nearby molecules in a balanced way. At a given point, the pressure depends on the surrounding fluid molecules. It is affected by depth and density, not by the shape of the container or the way the fluid is oriented. In a fluid at rest, the pressure acts equally in all directions...

basic equation for pressure field

Pressure Balance in a Fluid Element

The pressure field equation describes how forces stay balanced inside a small fluid element. In fluid mechanics, this balance helps explain how pressure changes from one place to another within a fluid. Two main force types act on a fluid segment: surface forces and body forces. Surface forces come from pressure differences across nearby points in the fluid, so they depend on the local pressure gradient, which is the rate of pressure change with position. Body forces are spread through the...

pressure variation in a fluid at rest

Hydrostatic Pressure and Fluid Depth

Hydrostatic pressure describes how pressure changes with depth in a fluid at rest. In a stationary fluid, the fluid acceleration is zero, so the forces inside the fluid balance. That means pressure at a point below the surface depends on depth, not on the container’s shape or size. Only vertical forces affect the pressure change in this situation. These forces come from the weight of the fluid above a point. When pressure is compared at two different levels, the difference in pressure equals...

measurement of fluid pressure

Fluid pressure is measured with manometers and related gauges. These tools use a liquid column to show pressure differences. The height of the column gives a simple reading of the force the fluid exerts. A basic manometer is the piezometer. It is a vertical tube that is open at the top and filled with the same fluid being measured. When the tube connects to a container, the fluid height in the tube matches the pressure inside that container. For more detailed measurements, the U-tube...

hydrostatic pressure force on a plane surface

hydrostatic-pressure-force-on-a-plane-surface

Hydrostatic Pressure on Submerged Surfaces

Hydrostatic pressure creates force on submerged plane surfaces. The force depends on the fluid pressure and the area of the surface. The way that force acts changes with the surface position. For a horizontal surface, the depth stays the same across the whole area. That means the pressure is uniform. The resultant force equals the pressure at that depth multiplied by the surface area, and it acts through the centroid of the surface. For a vertical surface, pressure increases as depth...

hydrostatic pressure force on a curved surface

hydrostatic-pressure-force-on-a-curved-surface

Finding the Force on Curved Fluid Surfaces

Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is an important idea in fluid mechanics. It helps explain how water pushes on curved structures in civil engineering. Examples include reservoirs, dams, and storage tanks. The pressure changes in both size and direction along the curve. To find the total hydrostatic force on a curved surface, engineers isolate the fluid volume next to that surface. They then study the forces on imaginary horizontal and vertical planes that cut through the volume. The...

buoyancy and stability for submerged and floating bodies

buoyancy-and-stability-for-submerged-and-floating-bodies

How Buoyancy Keeps Bodies Stable in Water

Buoyancy and stability explain how submerged and floating bodies behave in a fluid. When a body is fully or partly under water and stays still, the fluid pushes upward on it. That upward push is called the buoyant force. The buoyant force acts through the center of buoyancy. This is the center of the displaced fluid volume. Archimedes’ principle says the buoyant force equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. Stability describes whether a body can return to its original position...

design example: application of archimedes' principle

design-example-application-of-archimedes-principle

Floating Block Buoyancy and Center of Buoyancy

Archimedes' principle is used to analyze the buoyant force on a wooden block that floats in seawater. The block has a rectangular section, and its dimensions, specific gravity, and the specific weight of seawater are used in the calculation. This setup shows how floating bodies stay in equilibrium. The first step is to find the weight of the block from its volume and specific gravity. Then Archimedes' principle is applied. The weight of the displaced water must equal the weight of the block.

key terms and concepts

Learn how piezometers, U-tube and inclined manometers, Bourdon gauges, and aneroid barometers measure fluid and atmospheric pressure in practical settings.

Manometers and Gauges for Fluid Pressure | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering offers a foundational exploration of essential construction materials such as bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete, along with fluid mechanics topics like flow over immersed bodies, open channel flow, and dimensional modeling. It also covers key surveying concepts, including leveling, traverse adjustments, curve design, topographic mapping, and geospatial technologies (GPS & GIS). Science-in-action videos showcase laboratory research on materials, fluids, and surveying practices in real-world engineering systems.

civil engineering

Manometers and Gauges for Fluid Pressure

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