Name: pitot-static measurement in bernoulli flow
Uploaded: 2026-01-30T03:08:30.000Z
Duration: 1 min 24 s
Channel: JoVE

베르누이의 원리에 따르면 총 압력은 유체 시스템의 유선을 따라 일정하게 유지되며 정적 에너지 압력, 동적 에너지 압력, 위치 에너지 압력의 합입니다.
정압은 정지 상태에서 유체가 가하는 힘으로, 파이프라인 및 급수 시스템에서 일반적으로 관찰됩니다.
이는 유체의 높이와 밀도에 따라 달라지며 유체와 접촉하는 표면에 수직으로 작용합니다.
동적 압력은 유체의 속도와 관련이 있으며 운동으로 인한 에너지를 나타냅니다.
빗물 배수 또는 고속 강 수로와 같이 빠르게 움직이는 유체와 관련된 시스템을 설계하는 데 중요합니다.
정체 압력은 유체가 정지 상태일 때 발생하며 정적 압력과 동적 압력이 결합됩니다.
댐 표면이나 터빈 블레이드와 같은 정체 지점에서 측정되며, 여기서 유체의 속도가 0으로 감소합니다.
정적, 동적 및 정체 압력의 균형을 이해하면 유체 시스템의 압력 변화와 에너지를 관리하는 데 도움이 됩니다.
이러한 압력은 다양한 토목 공학 응용 분야에서 대기 속도 및 유체 흐름 계산에 중요한 피토 정적 튜브와 같은 장치를 사용하여 측정됩니다.

정적, 정체, 동적 및 총 압력

정적, 정체, 동적 및 총 압력의 개념은 유체 역학에서 기본이며, 종종 베르누이 방정식을 사용하여 설명합니다.

<img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/18036/18036_Equation_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 26px;">

여기서 p는 정압, 1/2⍴V^2는 동압, γz는 정수압 또는 위치 에너지 압력, p_T는 비압축성 흐름에 대한 유선을 따라 일정한 총 압력입니다.

1. 정압(p): 정지 상태의 유체 또는 흐르는 유체가 운동 방향으로 정지한 것처럼 가해지는 압력입니다. 흐름에 삽입된 프로브나 피에조미터 관을 사용하여 측정합니다.

2. 동압(1/2⍴V^2): 유체의 속도로 인한 압력 상승을 나타냅니다. 유체의 단위 부피당 운동 에너지로 해석할 수 있습니다.

3. 정체 압력(p_s): 정체 지점에서 정적 및 동적 압력의 합으로, 유체의 속도가 0이 됩니다.

<img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/18036/18036_Equation_2.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 26px;">

4. 총 압력(p_T): 정적, 동적 및 정수압의 합입니다. 유선을 따라:

피토 정압관은 정체 압력(p_s)과 정압(p)을 측정합니다. 차이를 계산하여 유체의 속도를 결정할 수 있습니다.

<img alt="Equation 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/18036/18036_Equation_3.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 34px;">

항공기에서 대기 속도를 측정하는 것과 같은 응용 분야에서는 피토 정압관의 정확한 정렬 및 배치를 보장하는 것이 중요합니다. 정렬 오류 또는 막힘은 잘못된 판독으로 이어져 운영 안전에 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다.

베르누이의 원리에 따르면 총 압력은 유체 시스템의 유선을 따라 일정하게 유지되며 정적, 동적 및 ...

static-stagnation-dynamic-and-total-pressure

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

토목공학

Unit 1

제1단원

Fluid Dynamics

유체역학

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

Static, Stagnation, Dynamic and Total Pressure

pitot-static measurement in bernoulli flow

Static pressure, dynamic pressure, stagnation pressure, and total pressure are key ideas in fluid dynamics. They are often explained with Bernoulli's equation. In that equation, p is static pressure, 1/2ρV^2 is dynamic pressure, γz is hydrostatic pressure or potential energy pressure, and pT is total pressure. For incompressible flow, the total pressure stays constant along a streamline.

Static pressure is the pressure a fluid exerts when it is at rest, or when flowing fluid is brought to rest in the direction of motion. It can be measured with a probe placed in the flow or with a piezometer tube. Dynamic pressure comes from the fluid's speed. It represents the pressure rise due to motion, and it can also be viewed as the kinetic energy per unit volume of the fluid.

Stagnation pressure is the pressure at a stagnation point, where the fluid velocity becomes zero. It equals the sum of static pressure and dynamic pressure. Total pressure includes static, dynamic, and hydrostatic pressure. Along a streamline, this total remains constant for incompressible flow.

A Pitot-static tube measures stagnation pressure and static pressure. The difference between these two readings can be used to determine fluid velocity. This measurement is important in applications such as airspeed sensing in aviation. For accurate results, the Pitot-static tube must be aligned and placed correctly, because misalignment or blockage can produce incorrect readings and affect safety.

Pitot-Static Measurement in Bernoulli Flow

pitot-static-measurement-in-bernoulli-flow

bernoulli's equation for flow along a streamline

bernoulli-s-equation-for-flow-along-a-streamline

Pressure and Speed in Bernoulli's Equation

Bernoulli's equation links pressure, speed, and height in a moving fluid along a streamline. It is used for incompressible, inviscid fluids under steady flow. The idea comes from applying Newton's second law to a small fluid element. That element feels forces from pressure differences, gravity, and changes in velocity. The resulting equation shows how fluid energy is shared. In the equation, P is pressure, ρ is fluid density, v is velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is...

bernoulli's equation for flow normal to a streamline

bernoulli-s-equation-for-flow-normal-to-a-streamline

Pressure Changes Across Curved Streamlines

Bernoulli's equation for flow normal to a streamline describes how pressure changes across curved streamlines. When a fluid follows a curved path, the outer side of the curve experiences centrifugal force, which pushes the fluid outward. The pressure is therefore higher on the inner side, near the center of curvature, and lower farther out. The size of this pressure difference depends on the fluid's velocity and the radius of curvature. In flows with nearly straight streamlines, the pressure...

bernoulli's equation: problem solving

Venturi Meter Flow Rate from Pressure

A Venturi meter measures fluid flow rate in a pipeline by using pressure changes and Bernoulli's equation. In a sewage system, it can be used to determine wastewater flow rate by reading the pressure difference across the meter. The narrowed throat makes the fluid speed up, and that change in speed is linked to pressure drop. The first step is to find the cross-sectional areas of the pipe and the Venturi throat. These areas are needed to interpret the pressure difference shown on the pressure...

static, stagnation, dynamic and total pressure

Static pressure, dynamic pressure, stagnation pressure, and total pressure are key ideas in fluid dynamics. They are often explained with Bernoulli's equation. In that equation, p is static pressure, 1/2ρV^2 is dynamic pressure, γz is hydrostatic pressure or potential energy pressure, and pT is total pressure. For incompressible flow, the total pressure stays constant along a streamline. Static pressure is the pressure a fluid exerts when it is at rest, or when flowing fluid is brought to rest...

free jet

Liquid Speed from Reservoir Outlets

Free jets show how liquid moves after leaving a reservoir through an opening and flowing into the air without resistance. The jet speed is found with Bernoulli’s principle, and it depends on the height of liquid above the opening. This relationship assumes atmospheric pressure at both the reservoir surface and the jet exit. The liquid column’s height controls the speed at the nozzle because the fluid’s potential energy changes into kinetic energy during flow. As the liquid leaves the...

continuity equation

Fluid Flow and Area Changes

Fluid flow and area changes are linked by the continuity equation. For a steady flow of an incompressible fluid in a confined system, the mass flow rate stays constant. This idea is useful in nozzles, syringes, and pipes where the cross-sectional area changes. The mass flow rate is written as an equation that connects density, area, and velocity. For incompressible flow, the density stays the same, so the equation becomes simpler. When the area gets smaller, the fluid speed must increase. When...

energy line and hydraulic gradient line

Fluid Head Profiles in Pipes and Channels

Fluid head profiles in pipes and channels show how pressure, speed, and height change in a flowing fluid. These profiles come from Bernoulli's equation for steady, incompressible, inviscid flow. In that equation, total head includes pressure head, velocity head, and elevation head. The energy line (EL) shows the total head available in the flow. It sits above the datum and includes all three energy parts. Under ideal conditions, the EL stays horizontal because the total energy does not change...

design example: designing water slide

Water Slide Speed and Bernoulli's Principle

Water slide speed is controlled by Bernoulli's principle and the height of the slide. Engineers use these ideas to keep the ride exciting while making sure the water stays safe for riders. As water moves downhill, gravity makes it speed up. The water at the bottom depends on the height it starts from. A taller slide gives the water more potential energy at the top. That energy changes into kinetic energy as the water descends, so the flow becomes faster. Bernoulli's principle helps describe...

key terms and concepts

Learn how static, dynamic, stagnation, and total pressure relate to Bernoulli's equation and how a Pitot-static tube can be used to measure flow speed.

Pitot-Static Measurement in Bernoulli Flow | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering offers a foundational exploration of essential construction materials such as bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete, along with fluid mechanics topics like flow over immersed bodies, open channel flow, and dimensional modeling. It also covers key surveying concepts, including leveling, traverse adjustments, curve design, topographic mapping, and geospatial technologies (GPS & GIS). Science-in-action videos showcase laboratory research on materials, fluids, and surveying practices in real-world engineering systems.

civil engineering

Pitot-Static Measurement in Bernoulli Flow

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