Name: how sunlight shapes daily weather
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:42.000Z
Duration: 1 min 7 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

NC K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

ecosystems-interactions-energy-and-dynamics

Ecosystems- Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

LS.Bio.5.2

What is Weather?

- [Instructeur] Weer verwijst naar de omstandigheden die voorkomen in de atmosfeer gedurende korte periodes en wordt beinvloedt door de interacties tussen de zon, atmosfeer, oceaan, en het land. Zonne-energie bereikt de atmosfeer en wordt geabsorbeerd door het land en het oppervlaktewater, die hierop infrarode warmtestraling uitstoot, waardoor de lucht wordt verwarmd. Warme lucht met een lagere druk nabij de aardoppervlakte stijgt dan op, waardoor er verticale stromingen in de hogere atmosfeer ontstaan, welke minder luchtdruk heeft.

Als gevolg hiervan, koelt de lucht af en neemt de druk toe, waardoor het weer afdaalt, een proces die atmosferische circulatie genoemd wordt. Dit plaatselijke atmosferische proces, gepaard met de dynamische obliquiteit van de aarde ten opzichte van de zon, creëert veranderingen in luchtdruk, atmosferische temperatuur, en neerslag elke dag, week, en maand. Dus, deze factoren variëren, en, afhankelijk van waar je bent op de aardoppervlakte, is het weer verschillend.

wat is weer?

<h4>Overzicht</h4>

Weer verwijst naar de huidige toestand van de atmosferische omstandigheden op een specifieke tijd en plaats. Het weer is tijdelijk en wordt beïnvloed door de interacties tussen de zon, de atmosfeer (gassen rond de aarde), de hydrosfeer (de waterlichamen van de aarde) en de geosfeer (het landgedeelte van de aarde). Omdat al deze factoren per locatie en tijd verschillen, kunnen er over de hele planeet verschillende weersomstandigheden worden waargenomen.

<h4>Zonnestraling en het broeikaseffect</h4>

Zonnestraling dringt de atmosfeer binnen en interageert met oppervlaktewater en landmassa's. Deze oppervlakken zenden de energie uit als thermische straling, of warmte, waardoor de lucht wordt verwarmd. Warmte ontsnapt via de atmosfeer terug de ruimte in of wordt in de atmosfeer opgesloten door specifieke atmosferische gassen— waardoor de planeet voortdurend wordt opgewarmd. Dit vasthouden van warmte in de atmosfeer wordt het broeikaseffect genoemd. Zogenaamde broeikasgassen houden meer warmte vast dan andere gassen.

Warme lucht heeft een lagere dichtheid dan koude lucht, waardoor warme lucht stijgt. Stijgende lucht creëert verticale stromingen naar de hogere atmosfeer, die een lagere atmosferische druk heeft. Naarmate de lucht verder verwijderd raakt van de bron van thermische straling, begint deze af te koelen, wordt dichter en daalt weer. Dit proces staat bekend als convectiecirculatie.

<h4>Dagelijks weer</h4>

Het weer wordt doorgaans gemeten aan de hand van zes parameters: temperatuur, atmosferische druk, wind, vochtigheid, buffers en bewolking. Meteorologen meten deze omstandigheden en voorspellen het weer van de nabije toekomst op basis van trends uit eerdere waarnemingen. De atmosferische druk weerspiegelt bijvoorbeeld het gewicht van de atmosfeer erboven. Hogedruk wordt meestal geassocieerd met koelere temperaturen en een heldere hemel, terwijl lagedruk wordt geassocieerd met warmer weer en stormen. Door een daling of stijging van de atmosferische druk waar te nemen, kunnen meteorologen op korte termijn voorspellen of u een paraplu mee moet nemen of een zonnige dag moet verwachten.

<h4>Extreme weersomstandigheden</h4>

Extreme weersomstandigheden omvatten hittegolven, koudegolven, orkanen, tornado's, droogtes en overstromingen. Deze gebeurtenissen zijn vaak plotseling en daarom moeilijker te voorspellen. Extreme weersgebeurtenissen worden doorgaans beschreven in relatie tot de omstandigheden die zijn waargenomen in de historische distributie voor een bepaalde locatie. Met behulp van deze historische gegevens heeft onderzoek aangetoond dat antropogene klimaatverandering heeft geleid tot een toename van de frequentie en intensiteit van dagelijkse extreme temperaturen en buffers. Bovendien geven klimaatmodellen aan dat de aarde door de klimaatverandering te maken zal krijgen met extremer weer, zoals aanhoudende extreme weersomstandigheden in de zomer op de noordelijke breedtegraden.

Wat is weer?

Overview

Weather refers to the current state of atmospheric conditions at a specific time and place. Weather is temporary and is influenced by the ...

Education

JoVE Core

Biologie

Ecology

Ecologie

Biodiversity and Conservation

Biodiversiteit en natuurbescherming

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

BELANGRIJKE TERMEN EN CONCEPTEN

how sunlight shapes daily weather

Weather is the current state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. It is temporary and changes from one location to another. Weather is shaped by the interaction of the sun, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.

Solar radiation reaches Earth and interacts with water and land. These surfaces release that energy as thermal radiation, or heat, which warms the air above them. Some of that heat escapes back into space, but some is trapped by atmospheric gases. This heat retention is called the greenhouse effect, and greenhouse gases hold more heat than other gases.

Warm air is less dense than cold air, so it rises. As it rises into areas of lower atmospheric pressure, it cools, becomes denser, and falls again. This movement creates convection circulation, which helps move heat through the atmosphere.

Daily weather is measured using six main factors: temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloudiness. Meteorologists track these conditions and use past observations to predict short-term weather changes. Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the air above us. High pressure is often linked to cooler temperatures and clear skies, while low pressure is often linked to warmer weather and storms. A rise or drop in pressure can help weather forecasters decide whether to expect sunshine or bring an umbrella.

Extreme weather events include heat waves, cold waves, hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts, and floods. These events can happen suddenly, so they are harder to predict than day-to-day weather. Scientists describe them using historical records for a specific place. Research shows that human-caused climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of some daily temperature and precipitation extremes. Climate models also suggest more extreme weather in the future, including persistent summer extremes in northern latitudes.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather

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key terms and concepts

Learn how solar radiation, the greenhouse effect, convection, and air pressure shape daily weather, plus why extreme weather is harder to predict.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather | JoVE K12

JoVE Core series brings biology to life through over 300 concise and easy-to-understand animated video lessons that explain key concepts in biology, plus more than 150 scientist-in-action videos that show actual research experiments conducted in today’s laboratories.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather

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