Name: circuit elements: passive, active, and linear
Uploaded: 2024-04-11T12:48:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 21 s
Channel: JoVE

Circuit elements are the basic building blocks of an electric circuit. They can be categorized as active and passive elements.
Active elements can generate energy, whereas passive elements absorb energy.
Examples of active elements include voltage or current sources, whereas resistors, capacitors, and inductors are examples of passive elements.
Circuit elements can be further classified as either linear or non-linear.
A circuit or an element is considered linear if the excitation and response of the element follow the principles of superposition and homogeneity.
Suppose a voltage v1 leads to a response i1, and a voltage v2 leads to a response i2. If the element responds to the sum of the voltages with the sum of the responses, then it satisfies the superposition principle.
In addition, the homogeneity property is satisfied when multiplying the input of a linear device by any constant results in an equivalent multiplication of the output.
Linear elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors exhibit linear characteristics.
Elements like thermistors are non-linear, as they do not comply with these principles.

elektrische circuitelementen

Circuitelementen zijn de basisbouwstenen van een elektrisch circuit. In wezen is een elektrisch circuit de onderlinge verbinding van deze elementen. Binnen elektrische circuits onderscheiden we twee typen elementen: passieve en actieve elementen. Actieve elementen hebben het vermogen om energie op te wekken, terwijl passieve elementen dat niet doen. Passieve elementen omvatten componenten zoals weerstanden, condensatoren en spoelen, terwijl actieve elementen doorgaans generatoren, batterijen en operationele versterkers omvatten. 

 De belangrijkste actieve elementen zijn spannings- of stroombronnen, die doorgaans energie leveren aan het aangesloten circuit. Er bestaan talrijke manieren om circuitelementen te categoriseren. Zo is het onderscheid tussen lineaire en niet-lineaire modellen van groot belang, omdat circuits die volledig uit lineaire elementen bestaan, eenvoudiger te analyseren zijn dan circuits met enkele niet-lineaire elementen. 

 Een element of circuit wordt als lineair beschouwd als de excitatie en respons voldoen aan bepaalde voorwaarden. Een lineair element voldoet aan zowel de superpositiebewijs als de homogeniteitsvoorwaarde. Stel dat de excitatie de stroom (i) is en de respons de spanning (v). Wanneer het element wordt blootgesteld aan een stroom (i1), produceert het een respons (v1). Op dezelfde wijze levert het element bij een andere stroom (i2) een respons (v2). 

 Elk circuitelement dat niet voldoet aan zowel de superpositie- als de homogeniteitsprincipes, wordt geclassificeerd als niet-lineair. Thermistors zijn voorbeelden van dergelijke niet-lineaire elementen.

Elektrische circuitelementen

Circuit elements are the basic building blocks of an electric circuit. They can be categorized as active and passive elements.
Active elements can ...

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Electrical Engineering

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Basics of Electric Circuits

Basisbeginselen van elektrische circuits

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Electric Circuit Elements

circuit elements: passive, active, and linear

Circuit elements are the building blocks of an electric circuit. An electric circuit is the connection of these elements. In this context, circuit elements are often grouped by how they behave and whether they supply energy.

One major group is passive elements. These elements do not generate energy. Common passive elements include resistors, capacitors, and inductors. The other group is active elements, which can generate energy. Generators, batteries, and operational amplifiers are typical active elements, and voltage or current sources are especially important because they usually provide power to the connected circuit.

Circuit elements can also be sorted as linear or nonlinear. This distinction matters because circuits made only of linear elements are easier to analyze than circuits that include nonlinear parts. A linear element follows both superposition and homogeneity. If the input is current, then one current level produces one voltage response, and another current level produces another response in a predictable way.

An element is nonlinear if it does not satisfy superposition or homogeneity. Thermistors are examples of nonlinear circuit elements. These categories help describe how circuit parts behave and how a circuit responds to electrical signals.

Circuit Elements: Passive, Active, and Linear

circuit-elements-passive-active-and-linear

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electric circuit elements

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key terms and concepts

Learn how circuit elements are grouped as passive or active, and how linear and nonlinear behavior affects circuit analysis. Includes examples like batteries and thermistors.

Circuit Elements: Passive, Active, and Linear | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Electrical Engineering offers easy-to-understand animated videos that cover fundamental concepts of electric circuits along with circuit analysis techniques. It incorporates first-order and second-order circuits using operational amplifiers and circuit transformation concepts. The inclusion of practical design examples and real-world applications through scientist-in-action videos adds significant educational value, making complex concepts accessible.

electrical engineering

Circuit Elements: Passive, Active, and Linear

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