Name: inductors in electric circuits
Uploaded: 2024-04-11T12:48:39.000Z
Duration: 1 min 11 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.6

IPC.6.A

Inductors

Cewki indukcyjne, często nazywane cewkami lub dławikiem, odgrywają kluczową rolę w różnych układach elektronicznych i zasilających.
Zasadniczo każdy przewodnik, przez który przepływa prąd przemienny, z natury posiada właściwości indukcyjne i można go sklasyfikować jako cewkę indukcyjną.
Aby wzmocnić efekt indukcyjny, praktyczne cewki indukcyjne są tworzone przez nawinięcie przewodzącego drutu wokół rdzenia wykonanego z materiału magnetycznego.
Kiedy prąd przepływa przez cewkę indukcyjną, napięcie na niej jest wprost proporcjonalne do szybkości zmian prądu w czasie. Ta stała proporcjonalności jest znana jako indukcyjność cewki indukcyjnej i jest mierzona w henrykach.
Indukcyjność przeciwstawia się gwałtownym zmianom przepływającego przez nią prądu. Tak więc prąd płynący przez cewkę indukcyjną nie może się natychmiast zmienić.
Wymiary fizyczne, materiał rdzenia i konstrukcja cewki indukcyjnej decydują o jej indukcyjności.
Cewki indukcyjne są dostępne w różnych wartościach i typach, od kilku mikrohenryków do dziesiątek henryków.
Mogą być stałe lub zmienne, z rdzeniami wykonanymi z różnych materiałów, w tym żelaza, stali, tworzywa sztucznego, a nawet powietrza.

cewki indukcyjne

Cewka indukcyjna to element pasywny, którego zadaniem jest magazynowanie energii w polu magnetycznym. Można go wytworzyć poprzez zwinięcie drutu wokół rdzenia magnetycznego. Kiedy prąd może przepływać przez tę cewkę, obserwuje się, że napięcie na cewce jest wprost proporcjonalne do szybkości zmian prądu w czasie.

<img alt="Equation1" src="/files/ftp_upload/15088/15088_PT_Equation_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 36px;" />

Zależność tę wyraża się za pomocą konwencji znaku biernego, gdzie „L” oznacza stałą proporcjonalności, znaną również jako indukcyjność cewki indukcyjnej.

Na indukcyjność cewki indukcyjnej wpływają takie czynniki, jak jej rozmiar, użyte materiały i metoda konstrukcji. Jednostką miary indukcyjności jest Henr (H). Indukcyjność jest miarą zdolności urządzenia do magazynowania energii w postaci pola magnetycznego. Jest to również cecha, która pozwala cewce przeciwstawić się zmianom przepływającego przez nią prądu.

Oprócz tego, że są nazywane cewkami indukcyjnymi, elementy te można również nazwać cewkami lub dławikami. Symbol obwodu cewki indukcyjnej przedstawiono na Figure 1.

<img alt="Figure1" src="/files/ftp_upload/15088/15088_PT_Figure_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 150px;" />

Figure 2 przedstawia graficzną reprezentację zależności między napięciem i prądem dla cewki indukcyjnej, której indukcyjność nie zależy od prądu, znanej również jako cewka liniowa.

<img alt="Figure2" src="/files/ftp_upload/15088/15088_PT_Figure_2.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 146px;" />

Z drugiej strony nieliniowa cewka indukcyjna nie miałaby wykresu liniowego, ponieważ jej indukcyjność zmienia się wraz z prądem.

Cewki indukcyjne, podobnie jak kondensatory, są dostępne na rynku w różnych wartościach i typach. W zastosowaniach praktycznych cewki indukcyjne mają zazwyczaj wartości indukcyjności w zakresie od kilku mikrohenrów, jak widać w systemach komunikacyjnych, do dziesiątek henrów, jak stosuje się w systemach zasilania. Cewki mogą być stałe lub zmienne, a ich rdzeń może składać się z różnych materiałów, w tym żelaza, stali, tworzywa sztucznego, a nawet powietrza.

Cewki indukcyjne

Cewki indukcyjne, często nazywane cewkami lub dławikiem, odgrywają kluczową rolę w różnych układach elektronicznych i zasilających.
Zasadniczo każdy przewodnik, przez który ...

Education

JoVE Core

Electrical Engineering

Elektrotechnika

Unit 1

Jednostka 1

Energy Storage Elements

Elementy magazynowania energii

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

KLUCZOWE TERMINY I POJĘCIA

inductors in electric circuits

Inductors are passive components used in electric circuits to store energy in a magnetic field. They are often made by coiling a wire around a magnetic core. This structure gives the component its inductive behavior and its ability to respond to changing current.

When current flows through an inductor, the voltage across it is proportional to how quickly the current changes with time. This relationship is written using the passive sign convention, and the constant of proportionality is called inductance, or L. Inductance is measured in henrys, written as H.

Inductance depends on several factors. The size of the inductor matters, as do the materials used and the way it is built. This property also describes how well the device stores energy in a magnetic field and how strongly it resists changes in current.

Inductors are also called coils or chokes. Their circuit symbol is used in circuit diagrams to show the component clearly. A linear inductor has a straight-line voltage-current graph because its inductance does not depend on current. A nonlinear inductor does not follow a straight line because its inductance changes with current.

Inductors are sold in many values and types, much like capacitors. Their inductance can range from a few microhenrys in communication systems to tens of henrys in power systems. They may be fixed or variable, and their cores can be made from iron, steel, plastic, or even air.

Inductors in Electric Circuits

capacitors

Capacitor Charge and Discharge

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Capacitance in Series and Parallel

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equivalent capacitance

Capacitors in Series and Parallel

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inductors

Inductors are passive components used in electric circuits to store energy in a magnetic field. They are often made by coiling a wire around a magnetic core. This structure gives the component its inductive behavior and its ability to respond to changing current. When current flows through an inductor, the voltage across it is proportional to how quickly the current changes with time. This relationship is written using the passive sign convention, and the constant of proportionality is called...

energy stored in inductors

How Inductor Current Stores Magnetic Energy

An inductor stores energy in its magnetic field. That field is created by the current flowing through the coil. When the current stays steady, there is no measurable voltage across the inductor, so it behaves like a short circuit for direct current. The energy stored in an inductor is the total power delivered over time. It can be written as a function of inductance, L, and current, i, where the stored energy increases with the current in the coil. This relationship helps explain how much...

series and parallel inductors

Equivalent Inductance in Circuit Networks

Equivalent inductance in circuit networks helps simplify circuits with multiple inductors. When inductors are combined, the circuit can often be replaced by one inductor with the same effect on the current and voltage. For inductors in series, the same current flows through each component. Applying Kirchhoff's voltage law shows that the total voltage is the sum of the inductor voltages. As a result, the equivalent inductance of a series group is the sum of the individual inductances. This is...

design example: automobile ignition system

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key terms and concepts

Learn how inductors store energy in magnetic fields, resist current changes, and differ as linear or nonlinear components in circuits.

Inductors in Electric Circuits | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Electrical Engineering offers easy-to-understand animated videos that cover fundamental concepts of electric circuits along with circuit analysis techniques. It incorporates first-order and second-order circuits using operational amplifiers and circuit transformation concepts. The inclusion of practical design examples and real-world applications through scientist-in-action videos adds significant educational value, making complex concepts accessible.

electrical engineering

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Equivalent Capacitance

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Inductors, often referred to as coils or chokes, play a crucial role in various electronics and power systems.
In essence, any conductor through which an ...

Energy Stored in Inductors

An inductor is designed to store energy in its magnetic field, which is generated by the current flowing through its coils.
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Series and Parallel Inductors

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IPC.6.E

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IPC.6.G

Science concepts. The student knows the impact of energy transfer and energy conservation in everyday life. The student is expected to:

Inductors in Electric Circuits

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