Name: manometers and gauges for fluid pressure
Uploaded: 2025-02-13T15:43:11.000Z
Duration: 1 min 16 s
Channel: JoVE

Ciśnienie płynu mierzy się za pomocą kolumn cieczy w rurach, pionowo lub pod nachyleniem, zwanych manometrami. Wysokość słupa cieczy określa różnicę ciśnień.
Najprostszym manometrem jest rurka piezometryczna służąca do pomiaru ciśnienia. Jest to pionowa rurka otwarta u góry i połączona z pojemnikiem, przy użyciu tego samego płynu do wskazania ciśnienia w rurce.
Innym powszechnie stosowanym manometrem jest manometr U-tube, który składa się z rurki w kształcie litery U połączonej ze źródłem płynu. Zawiera inny płyn, zwany płynem manometrycznym, który nie miesza się z płynem, którego ciśnienie jest mierzone.
Manometr z pochyloną rurą ma nachyloną jedną nogę, zawierającą płyn manometryczny, który nie miesza się z mierzonym płynem, a różnica ciśnień jest odczytywana wzdłuż nachylenia w celu zwiększenia czułości.
Manometry w kształcie litery U i z rurką nachyloną są powszechnie używane do pomiaru różnicy ciśnień między dwoma zbiornikami lub punktami w systemie.
Inne manometry to manometr Bourdona, który mierzy ciśnienie płynów lub gazów, oraz barometr aneroidowy, który mierzy ciśnienie atmosferyczne.

pomiar ciśnienia płynu

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

Ciśnienie płynów jest powszechnie mierzone za pomocą urządzeń zwanych manometrami, które wykorzystują kolumny cieczy do wskazywania różnic ciśnienia. Wysokość kolumny cieczy w manometrze odzwierciedla ciśnienie wywierane przez płyn, zapewniając prosty, ale skuteczny sposób pomiaru. Różne rodzaje manometrów służą określonym celom w zależności od ich konstrukcji i rodzaju płynów.

Ciśnienie płynów jest powszechnie mierzone za pomocą urządzeń zwanych manometrami, które wykorzystują kolumny cieczy do wskazywania różnic ciśnienia. Wysokość kolumny cieczy w manometrze odzwierciedla ciśnienie wywierane przez płyn, zapewniając prosty, ale skuteczny sposób pomiaru. Różne rodzaje manometrów służą określonym celom w zależności od ich konstrukcji i rodzaju płynów.

Inną odmianą jest manometr z pochyloną rurą, który ma jedną nogę pochyloną. Ta pochylona noga zwiększa czułość poprzez rozciągnięcie skali pomiarowej wzdłuż nachylenia, co umożliwia dokładne odczyty małych różnic ciśnienia.

Oprócz manometrów istnieją także inne narzędzia do pomiaru ciśnienia cieczy i ciśnienia atmosferycznego. Na przykład manometr Bourdona jest powszechnie stosowany do pomiaru ciśnienia gazu lub cieczy w różnych zastosowaniach przemysłowych, podczas gdy barometr aneroidowy mierzy ciśnienie atmosferyczne i jest szeroko wykorzystywany w prognozowaniu pogody oraz pomiarach wysokości.

Pomiar ciśnienia płynu

Ciśnienie płynu mierzy się za pomocą kolumn cieczy w rurach, pionowo lub pod nachyleniem, zwanych manometrami. Wysokość kolumny cieczy ...

Education

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

Inżynieria lądowa

Unit 1

Jednostka 1

Fluid Statics

Statyka płynów

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

KLUCZOWE TERMINY I POJĘCIA

manometers and gauges for fluid pressure

Fluid pressure is measured with manometers and related gauges. These tools use a liquid column to show pressure differences. The height of the column gives a simple reading of the force the fluid exerts.

A basic manometer is the piezometer. It is a vertical tube that is open at the top and filled with the same fluid being measured. When the tube connects to a container, the fluid height in the tube matches the pressure inside that container.

For more detailed measurements, the U-tube manometer is used. It has a U-shaped tube filled with a gauge fluid that does not mix with the fluid being measured. This setup is useful for measuring the pressure difference between two points.

The inclined-tube manometer is another form of manometer. One leg of the tube is tilted. This incline makes the scale stretch out, so it is easier to read very small pressure differences.

Other pressure tools are also used in practice. The Bourdon gauge measures gas or liquid pressure in many industrial settings. The aneroid barometer measures atmospheric pressure and is used in weather forecasting and altitude measurements.

Manometers and Gauges for Fluid Pressure

concept of pressure at a point

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Fluid pressure at one point is the focus of this lesson. It shows that pressure in a fluid is the same in every direction at a single location. This happens because fluid molecules move randomly and collide with nearby molecules in a balanced way. At a given point, the pressure depends on the surrounding fluid molecules. It is affected by depth and density, not by the shape of the container or the way the fluid is oriented. In a fluid at rest, the pressure acts equally in all directions...

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Pressure Balance in a Fluid Element

The pressure field equation describes how forces stay balanced inside a small fluid element. In fluid mechanics, this balance helps explain how pressure changes from one place to another within a fluid. Two main force types act on a fluid segment: surface forces and body forces. Surface forces come from pressure differences across nearby points in the fluid, so they depend on the local pressure gradient, which is the rate of pressure change with position. Body forces are spread through the...

pressure variation in a fluid at rest

Hydrostatic Pressure and Fluid Depth

Hydrostatic pressure describes how pressure changes with depth in a fluid at rest. In a stationary fluid, the fluid acceleration is zero, so the forces inside the fluid balance. That means pressure at a point below the surface depends on depth, not on the container’s shape or size. Only vertical forces affect the pressure change in this situation. These forces come from the weight of the fluid above a point. When pressure is compared at two different levels, the difference in pressure equals...

measurement of fluid pressure

Fluid pressure is measured with manometers and related gauges. These tools use a liquid column to show pressure differences. The height of the column gives a simple reading of the force the fluid exerts. A basic manometer is the piezometer. It is a vertical tube that is open at the top and filled with the same fluid being measured. When the tube connects to a container, the fluid height in the tube matches the pressure inside that container. For more detailed measurements, the U-tube...

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hydrostatic-pressure-force-on-a-plane-surface

Hydrostatic Pressure on Submerged Surfaces

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hydrostatic pressure force on a curved surface

hydrostatic-pressure-force-on-a-curved-surface

Finding the Force on Curved Fluid Surfaces

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buoyancy and stability for submerged and floating bodies

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How Buoyancy Keeps Bodies Stable in Water

Buoyancy and stability explain how submerged and floating bodies behave in a fluid. When a body is fully or partly under water and stays still, the fluid pushes upward on it. That upward push is called the buoyant force. The buoyant force acts through the center of buoyancy. This is the center of the displaced fluid volume. Archimedes’ principle says the buoyant force equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. Stability describes whether a body can return to its original position...

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design-example-application-of-archimedes-principle

Floating Block Buoyancy and Center of Buoyancy

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key terms and concepts

Learn how piezometers, U-tube and inclined manometers, Bourdon gauges, and aneroid barometers measure fluid and atmospheric pressure in practical settings.

Manometers and Gauges for Fluid Pressure | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

civil engineering

Manometers and Gauges for Fluid Pressure

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