Name: photosystem i and nadph formation
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:12.000Z
Duration: 1 min 27 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Environmental Science

Earth’s Systems

HS-ESS2-6

Photosystem I

Semelhante ao fotossistema II, no fotossistema I, fotões também são absorvidos por moléculas de pigmento no complexo de colheita de luz para direcionar a energia ao seu centro de reação e após a oxidação, um eletrão de alta energia é passado para o acetor de eletrões primários. No entanto, desta vez, eletrões em falta do par de clorofila A é substituído por eletrões viajando do fotossistema II através da cadeia de transporte de eletrões. Da molécula carregadora, plastoquinona, à proteína duelo, complexo do citocromo, a outra proteína, plastocianina.A energia liberada por este processo é usada para bombear protões no espaço tilacoide através do complexo do citocromo criando um gradiente de protões que gera ATP por meio da quimiosmose. Uma vez que o eletrão passa através deste centro de reação, ele entra na segunda cadeia de transporte de eletrões, começando com o complexo de proteína ferridoxina. A partir daqui, o único eletrão é aceito por NADP redutase, junto com outro eletrão e protão que, em última análise, forma o projeto de energia NADPH.alizado, chamada ATP sintase, em uma área de baixa concentração no estroma. Este processo é conhecido como quimiosmose e cria energia, permitindo que a ATP sintase conecte um terceiro grupo fosfato ao ADP para formar o produto de energia, o ATP.

<ol>
	<li>Cardona, T., Shao, S., Nixon, P.J. Aprimorando a fotossíntese em plantas: as reações de luz. Ensaios em Bioquímica. 62 (1), 85-94 (2018).</li>
</ol>

fotossistema i

<h4>Visão Geral</h4>
 
 Como o Fotossistema II (FS II), o Fotossistema I (FS I) captura fotões e transporta-os através de moléculas de clorofila para um centro reativo. No FS I, os fotões reenergizam os eletrões que entraram no FS I pelo FS II. A partir do centro reativo, o eletrão de alta energia é enviado através de uma cadeia de transporte de eletrões e, por fim, junta-se a um eletrão adicional e um protão para reduzir NADP+ em NADPH. Assim, semelhante ao FS II que captura energia para gerar ATP, o FS I captura energia para criar NADPH.
 
 <h4>Fotossistema I</h4>
 
 Os pigmentos do complexo de captura de luz no Fotossistema I absorvem fotões e retransmitem a energia para o centro reativo (P700). Após a oxidação, um eletrão de alta energia é passado do par especializado de clorofila a para o principal receptor de eletrões. Desta vez, no entanto, os eletrões ausentes do par de clorofila a são substituídos pelos eletrões que viajam do Fotossistema II (em vez de haver divisão da água como no FS II). No seu caminho do FS II para o FS I, os eletrões passam pela cadeia de transporte de eletrões, que contém a molécula portadora plastoquinona, o complexo proteico duplo de citocromo, e plastocianina.
 
 Assim que o eletrão é excitado no centro reativo do FS I, ele entra em uma segunda cadeia de transporte de eletrões—o complexo proteico ferredoxina. O eletrão único junta-se então a outro eletrão e um protão (H+) que são todos aceites pela NADP+ redutase para formar o produto NADPH. Assim, o FS II captura energia para criar um gradiente de protões que é no fim usado para fazer ATP, e a energia capturada no FS I é usada para produzir NADPH.

Fotossistema I

Embora estruturalmente semelhante ao fotossistema II (PSII), o fotossistema I (PSI) tem um fornecedor de elétrons e um aceptor de elétrons diferentes.
Ambos ...

Education

JoVE Core

Biology

Biologia

Cellular Processes

Processos Celulares

Photosynthesis

Fotossíntese

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMOS-CHAVE E CONCEITOS

photosystem i and nadph formation

Photosystem I helps convert light energy into NADPH during photosynthesis. It works with photosystem II in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, but it uses a different electron supplier and a different electron acceptor.

Electrons excited in photosystem II move to photosystem I through an electron transport chain. That chain includes plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As the electrons travel between the two photosystems, they lose energy and must be re-energized by photosystem I.

To do this, the pigments in the photosystem I antenna complex absorb another photon. The energy is passed to the reaction center called P700. P700 then sends a high-energy electron to NADP+ and forms NADPH.

Photosystem II uses light energy to build a proton gradient and make ATP. Photosystem I captures light energy to reduce NADP+ into NADPH. After ATP and NADPH are made, the cell has the energy it needs to build carbohydrate molecules for long-term storage in the stroma of the chloroplast.

Photosystem I and NADPH Formation

what is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis in Chloroplasts and Leaves

Photosynthesis happens in plants and in some bacteria. It is the process that captures carbon dioxide and solar energy to make glucose. Glucose stores chemical energy as carbohydrates. The overall biochemical equation is 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2. Photosynthesis also releases oxygen into the atmosphere and helps maintain Earth’s atmospheric oxygen content. Photosynthetic reactions take place in chloroplasts, which are specialized membrane-enclosed parts of the plant cell.

light as energy

How Plant Pigments Capture Light

Photosynthesis uses light energy from the sun, which is a form of electromagnetic radiation. The full range of possible wavelengths is called the electromagnetic spectrum. Light is made of photons, which are small packets of energy. Photons act like waves and are described by frequency, wavelength, and amplitude. Waves with higher frequencies carry more energy and have shorter wavelengths. Waves with lower frequencies carry less energy and have longer wavelengths. For most organisms,...

anatomy of chloroplasts

Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis in Plant Cells

Chloroplasts are the organelles where photosynthesis takes place in green algae and plants. They are also found in green stems and unripe fruit. In plants, mesophyll cells in the leaf contain the highest density of chloroplasts. Each chloroplast has a double membrane. The outer membrane faces the plant cell cytoplasm on one side and the chloroplast intermembrane space on the other. The inner membrane separates that narrow space from the stroma, which is the watery interior of the chloroplast.

photosystem ii

Photosystem II and Water Splitting

Photosystem II is a multi-protein complex that captures light energy and begins the flow of electrons in photosynthesis. It uses bound pigments to harvest photons and send that energy to its reaction center. From there, the energy continues through the electron transport chain and on to photosystem I. The pigments in photosystem II include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. They are arranged in two parts of the photosystem: the antenna complex and the reaction center. The antenna...

photosystem i

Photosystem I helps convert light energy into NADPH during photosynthesis. It works with photosystem II in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, but it uses a different electron supplier and a different electron acceptor. Electrons excited in photosystem II move to photosystem I through an electron transport chain. That chain includes plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As the electrons travel between the two photosystems, they lose energy and must be...

the calvin cycle

Carbon Fixation in Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis uses light energy to turn carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. It also releases oxygen as a by-product. These products help support most food webs and make aerobic life possible. Photosynthesis has two main stages, and they happen in different parts of the chloroplast. The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy there and helps split water molecules. This releases O2 and makes ATP and NADPH. The light-independent reactions...

c4 pathway and cam

Plant Carbon Fixation in Hot Climates

Plant carbon fixation in hot climates can follow the C4 pathway or the CAM pathway. These alternative pathways help some plants reduce energy loss from photorespiration. Photorespiration happens when oxygen levels are high and rubisco, the enzyme in the Calvin cycle, binds O2 instead of CO2. When that happens, photosynthesis slows and energy is used up. The C4 pathway is used by plants such as corn and sugarcane. In mesophyll cells, CO2 first joins with PEP, or phosphoenolpyruvate, through the...

key terms and concepts

Learn how photosystem I re-energizes electrons, reduces NADP+ to NADPH, and works with photosystem II to help build sugars in chloroplasts.

Photosystem I and NADPH Formation | JoVE K12

JoVE Core series brings biology to life through over 300 concise and easy-to-understand animated video lessons that explain key concepts in biology, plus more than 150 scientist-in-action videos that show actual research experiments conducted in today’s laboratories.

biology

A coleção JoVE Core dá vida à biologia através de mais de 300 vídeos de animação concisos e fáceis de entender que explicam conceitos-chave de biologia, além de mais de 150 vídeos de Cientistas em ação que mostram experimentos reais em pesquisa realizados nos laboratórios atualmente.

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

Life Science

LS.4

LS.4.a

Next Generation Science Standards

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

HS-LS1-5

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

BIO.11

BIO.11.A

south-carolina-college-and-career-ready-science-standards

South Carolina College and Career Ready Science Standards

ecosystems-interactions-energy-and-dynamics

Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

B-LS2-5.

new-york-state-science-learning-standards

New York State Science Learning Standards

matter-and-energy-in-organisms-and-ecosystems

Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems

HS-LS1-5.

Georgia Standards of Excellence

9-12

SB1.e

myJoVE Corporation

determining-spatial-orientation-rock-layers-with-brunton

Determining Spatial Orientation of Rock Layers with the Brunton Compass

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Most rock units exhibit some form of planar surfaces or linear features. Examples ...

using-topographic-maps-to-generate-topographic-profiles

Using Topographic Maps to Generate Topographic Profiles

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Topographic maps are &#34;plan-view&#34; representations of Earth&#39;s ...

exploring-effects-atmospheric-forcings-on-evaporation-experimental

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Evaporation is directly influenced by the interactions between the atmosphere, land surface and soil subsurface. This work aims to experimentally study ...

Earth’s systems, being dynamic and interacting, include feedback effects that can increase or decrease the original changes.

HS-ESS2-2

What is Weather?

Overview

Weather refers to the current state of atmospheric conditions at a specific time and place. Weather is temporary and is influenced by the ...

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, &#8220;Climate is what you expect. ...

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global ...

The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, hydrosphere circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities. These changes can occur on a variety of time scales from sudden (e.g., volcanic ash clouds) to intermediate (ice ages) to very long-term tectonic cycles.

HS-ESS2-4

Making a Geologic Cross Section

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Geologic maps were first made and utilized in Europe, in the mid-to-late 18th century. ...

physical-properties-of-minerals-i-crystals-and-cleavage

Physical Properties Of Minerals I: Crystals and Cleavage

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
The physical properties of minerals comprise various measurable and discernible ...

physical-properties-of-minerals-ii-polymineralic-analysis

Physical Properties Of Minerals II: Polymineralic Analysis

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
The physical properties of minerals include various measurable and discernible ...

Igneous Volcanic Rock

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Igneous rocks are the products of cooling and crystallization of magma. Volcanic rocks ...

Igneous Intrusive Rock

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
Igneous rocks are products of the cooling and crystallization of high temperature ...

The abundance of liquid water on Earth’s surface and its unique combination of physical and chemical properties are central to the planet’s dynamics. These properties include water’s exceptional capacity to absorb, store, and release large amounts of energy, transmit sunlight, expand upon freezing, dissolve and transport materials, and lower the viscosities and melting points of rocks.

HS-ESS2-5

The foundation for Earth’s global climate systems is the electromagnetic radiation from the sun, as well as its reflection, absorption, storage, and redistribution among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and land systems, and this energy’s re-radiation into space.

What is Photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a multipart, biochemical process that occurs in plants as well as in some bacteria. It captures carbon dioxide and solar energy to ...

Light as Energy

The energy required to carry out photosynthesis is light&#8212; typically electromagnetic radiation from the sun. The range of all possible wavelengths is ...

Anatomy of Chloroplasts

Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor chloroplasts&mdash;the vital organelles where photosynthesis takes place. In ...

Photosystem II

The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ...

Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these ...

The Calvin Cycle

Overview

Oxygenic photosynthesis converts approximately 200 billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) annually to organic compounds and produces approximately ...

C4 Pathway and CAM

Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative ...

Measuring Tropospheric Ozone

Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University
Ozone is a form of elemental oxygen (O3), a molecule of three oxygen atoms ...

determination-of-nox-in-automobile-exhaust-using-uv-vis-spectroscopy

Determination Of NOx in Automobile Exhaust Using UV-VIS Spectroscopy

Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University
In the troposphere, ozone is naturally formed when sunlight splits nitrogen ...

carbon-and-nitrogen-analysis-of-environmental-samples

Carbon and Nitrogen Analysis of Environmental Samples

Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University
Elemental Analysis is a method used to determine elemental composition of a ...

Gradual atmospheric changes were due to plants and other organisms that captured carbon dioxide and released oxygen.

What are Biogeochemical Cycles?

The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited ...

Cyclical changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit around the sun, together with changes in the tilt of the planet’s axis of rotation, both occurring over hundreds of thousands of years, have altered the intensity and distribution of sunlight falling on Earth. These phenomena cause a cycle of ice ages and other gradual climate changes.

Photosystem I and NADPH Formation

Description

Transcript

Tags

More videos by Standards