Name: how sunlight shapes daily weather
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:42.000Z
Duration: 1 min 7 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

NC K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

ecosystems-interactions-energy-and-dynamics

Ecosystems- Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

LS.Bio.5.2

What is Weather?

Tempo refere-se às condições que ocorrem na atmosfera em curtos períodos de tempo e é influenciado pelas interações entre o sol, a atmosfera, o oceano e a terra. A energia solar entra na atmosfera e é absorvida pela terra e águas superficiais, que, em seguida, emitem radiação térmica por infravermelhos, aquecendo o ar. O ar quente menos denso perto da superfície da Terra então sobe, criando correntes verticais para a atmosfera superior, que tem pressão mais baixa.Como resultado, o ar fica frio e mais denso, fazendo com que caia novamente, um processo denominado circulação por convecção. Este processo atmosférico local, combinado com a inclinação dinâmica da Terra em direção ao sol, cria mudanças na pressão, temperatura atmosférica, e precipitação a cada dia, semana e mês. Assim, esses fatores variam, e, dependendo de onde você está na superfície da Terra, o clima é diferente.

Ettema, Dick, Margareta Friman, Lars E. Olsson e Tommy Gärling. "Efeitos da estação e do clima no humor e na satisfação com viagens relacionadas a viagens." Fronteiras em Psicologia 8 (6 de fevereiro de 2017). [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00140" target="__blank">Fonte</a>]

o que é o tempo?

<h4>Visão Geral</h4>
 
 O tempo refere-se ao estado atual das condições atmosféricas em um horário e local específicos. O tempo é temporário e é influenciado pelas interações entre o Sol, atmosfera (gases ao redor da Terra), hidrosfera (os corpos de água da Terra) e geosfera (a porção terrestre da Terra). Como todos esses fatores diferem entre a localização e o horário, diferentes condições meteorológicas podem ser observadas em todo o planeta.
 
 <h4>Radiação Solar e o Efeito Estufa</h4>
 
 A radiação solar penetra na atmosfera para interagir com a água superficial e as massas terrestres. Essas superfícies emitem energia como radiação térmica, ou calor, aquecendo o ar. O calor ou escapa pela atmosfera de volta para o espaço ou fica preso na atmosfera por gases atmosféricos específicos—aquecendo continuamente o planeta. Essa retenção de calor na atmosfera é chamada de efeito estufa. Os chamados gases de efeito estufa retêm mais calor do que outros gases.
 
 O ar quente é menos denso do que o ar frio, então o ar quente sobe. A subida do ar cria correntes verticais na atmosfera superior, que tem menor pressão atmosférica. À medida que o ar fica mais longe da fonte de radiação térmica, ele começa a arrefecer, torna-se mais denso, e desce novamente. Esse processo é conhecido como circulação de convecção.
 
 <h4>O Tempo Diário</h4>
 
 O tempo é tipicamente medido por seis parâmetros: temperatura, pressão atmosférica, vento, humidade, precipitação e nebulosidade. Os meteorologistas medem essas condições e prevêem o tempo de um futuro próximo com base em tendências de observações passadas. Por exemplo, a pressão atmosférica reflete o peso da atmosfera acima. A alta pressão é geralmente associada a temperaturas mais frias e céu límpido, enquanto que a baixa pressão está associada a tempos mais quentes e tempestades. A observação de uma queda ou aumento da pressão atmosférica permite que os meteorologistas façam previsões de curto prazo de se é preciso andar com um guarda-chuva ou esperar um dia ensolarado.
 
 <h4>Eventos de Tempo Extremos</h4>
 
 Eventos de tempo extremos incluem ondas de calor, ondas frias, furacões, tornados, secas e inundações. Esses eventos são muitas vezes repentinos e são, portanto, mais difíceis de prever. Eventos de tempo extremos são tipicamente descritos em relação às condições observadas na distribuição histórica para um determinado local. Usando esses registros históricos, investigações indicaram que as mudanças climáticas antropogénicas levaram a um aumento na frequência e intensidade dos extremos de temperatura e precipitação diárias. Além disso, modelos climáticos indicam que, com as alteraçãos climáticas, a Terra irá experienciar tempos mais extremos, como os tempos extremos persistentes do verão nas latitudes do norte.

O que é o Tempo?

Visão geral

O clima refere-se ao estado atual das condições atmosféricas em um momento e local específicos. O clima é temporário e é influenciado pelo ...

Education

JoVE Core

Biologia

Ecology

Ecologia

Biodiversity and Conservation

Biodiversidade e Conservação

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMOS-CHAVE E CONCEITOS

how sunlight shapes daily weather

Weather is the current state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. It is temporary and changes from one location to another. Weather is shaped by the interaction of the sun, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.

Solar radiation reaches Earth and interacts with water and land. These surfaces release that energy as thermal radiation, or heat, which warms the air above them. Some of that heat escapes back into space, but some is trapped by atmospheric gases. This heat retention is called the greenhouse effect, and greenhouse gases hold more heat than other gases.

Warm air is less dense than cold air, so it rises. As it rises into areas of lower atmospheric pressure, it cools, becomes denser, and falls again. This movement creates convection circulation, which helps move heat through the atmosphere.

Daily weather is measured using six main factors: temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloudiness. Meteorologists track these conditions and use past observations to predict short-term weather changes. Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the air above us. High pressure is often linked to cooler temperatures and clear skies, while low pressure is often linked to warmer weather and storms. A rise or drop in pressure can help weather forecasters decide whether to expect sunshine or bring an umbrella.

Extreme weather events include heat waves, cold waves, hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts, and floods. These events can happen suddenly, so they are harder to predict than day-to-day weather. Scientists describe them using historical records for a specific place. Research shows that human-caused climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of some daily temperature and precipitation extremes. Climate models also suggest more extreme weather in the future, including persistent summer extremes in northern latitudes.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather

what is weather?

Weather is the current state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. It is temporary and changes from one location to another. Weather is shaped by the interaction of the sun, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. Solar radiation reaches Earth and interacts with water and land. These surfaces release that energy as thermal radiation, or heat, which warms the air above them. Some of that heat escapes back into space, but some is trapped by atmospheric gases. This heat retention is...

global climate change

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what is biodiversity?

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Biodiversity is the variety of living things at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. It includes not only how many kinds of organisms exist, but also how they are related and how they interact with the world around them. Species diversity spans the full evolutionary tree. It includes single-celled prokaryotes such as bacteria and archaea, as well as the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants, animals, fungi, and protists. About 1.75 million species have been identified so far, and scientists...

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biodiversity and human values

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Biodiversity supports human life through food, tools, medicine, and many other needs. Changes in the variety of species can also change the environment. Those environmental shifts can alter weather patterns and affect human civilizations. People have depended on biodiversity for agriculture since early human history. Agriculture began when ancestral humans found species that were good sources of food. At least 11,000 years ago, people started selecting plant and animal species to raise on...

what is conservation biology?

Protecting Biodiversity in Conservation Biology

Conservation biology is the science of protecting biodiversity and keeping ecosystems healthy. It looks at how living things, habitats, and human needs are connected. The goal is to preserve biodiversity so ecosystems can continue to function well. Healthy ecosystems provide people with important natural resources. These include food, medicines, and building materials. Ecosystems also deliver key services, such as cleaning air and water. Evidence shows that these services depend on...

what is climate?

Climate Patterns and Earth’s Energy Balance

Climate describes the usual weather conditions in a place over a long period of time. The idea is simple: climate is what you expect, while weather is what you get. Climate is shaped by geographic factors such as latitude, terrain, and how close an area is to bodies of water. Weather and climate are related, but they work on different time scales. Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. Climate is the average pattern of weather over much longer periods. Because of...

sustainable development

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conservation of small populations

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key terms and concepts

Learn how solar radiation, the greenhouse effect, convection, and air pressure shape daily weather, plus why extreme weather is harder to predict.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather | JoVE K12

JoVE Core series brings biology to life through over 300 concise and easy-to-understand animated video lessons that explain key concepts in biology, plus more than 150 scientist-in-action videos that show actual research experiments conducted in today’s laboratories.

biology

A coleção JoVE Core dá vida à biologia através de mais de 300 vídeos de animação concisos e fáceis de entender que explicam conceitos-chave de biologia, além de mais de 150 vídeos de Cientistas em ação que mostram experimentos reais em pesquisa realizados nos laboratórios atualmente.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather

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