Name: capacitance in series and parallel
Uploaded: 2024-04-11T12:48:39.000Z
Duration: 1 min 14 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.6

IPC.6.A

Series and Parallel Capacitors

Os capacitores podem ser conectados em configurações em série e/ou paralelas dentro de um circuito.
Considere os capacitores conectados em série a uma bateria; a placa conectada ao terminal positivo da bateria desenvolve uma carga positiva, enquanto a placa conectada ao terminal negativo fica carregada negativamente.
Uma magnitude igual da carga é induzida nas outras placas e a mesma corrente flui através de cada capacitor.
Aplicando a lei de tensão de Kirchhoff ao loop e substituindo a tensão em cada capacitor, obtém-se a expressão para a tensão total no capacitor equivalente, onde a tensão inicial no capacitor equivalente é igual à soma das tensões iniciais em cada capacitor.
O recíproco da capacitância equivalente é a soma dos recíprocos das capacitâncias individuais.
Agora, se os capacitores estiverem conectados em paralelo, a diferença de potencial desenvolvida em cada capacitor será igual à tensão da bateria.
Aplicando a lei de corrente de Kirchhoff e substituindo a corrente de cada capacitor, a corrente total que flui através do capacitor equivalente é determinada. A capacitância equivalente é a soma das capacitâncias individuais.

capacitores em série e paralelo

Os capacitores, componentes fundamentais em circuitos eletrônicos, podem ser conectados em configurações em série e/ou paralelo. Cada configuração tem impactos diferentes no comportamento geral do circuito.

Primeiro, considere os capacitores conectados em série a uma bateria. Nesta configuração, a placa ligada ao terminal positivo da bateria desenvolve uma carga positiva, enquanto a placa ligada ao terminal negativo fica carregada negativamente. Uma magnitude igual de carga é induzida nas outras placas, ilustrando que a mesma corrente flui através de cada capacitor em uma conexão em série.

Aplicando a Lei das Malhas de Kirchhoff, que afirma que a tensão total em torno de qualquer circuito fechado num circuito deve ser igual a zero, ao circuito e substituindo a tensão através de cada condensador produz uma expressão para a tensão total através do condensador equivalente. Neste caso, a tensão inicial através do capacitor equivalente é igual à soma das tensões iniciais através de cada capacitor. O recíproco da capacitância equivalente em uma conexão em série é a soma dos recíprocos das capacitâncias individuais.

Por outro lado, quando os capacitores são conectados em paralelo, a diferença de potencial desenvolvida em cada capacitor é igual à tensão da bateria. Isto ocorre porque todos os capacitores em uma configuração paralela compartilham a mesma fonte de tensão.

Ao aplicar a Lei do Nós de Kirchhoff, que afirma que a corrente total que entra numa junção deve ser igual à corrente total que sai dela, e substituindo a corrente por cada condensador, podemos determinar a corrente total que flui através do condensador equivalente. Numa conexão paralela, a capacitância equivalente é simplesmente a soma das capacitâncias individuais.

Concluindo, compreender como os capacitores se comportam em configurações em série e paralelo é crucial em eletrônica. Esse conhecimento permite aos engenheiros manipular a capacitância total de um circuito e, como resultado, controlar a resposta do circuito a diferentes sinais. Seja em aplicações de filtragem, suavização de fontes de alimentação ou acoplamento de sinais, os capacitores e suas configurações desempenham um papel vital.

Capacitores em Série e Paralelo

Os capacitores podem ser conectados em configurações em série e/ou paralelas dentro de um circuito.
Considere os capacitores conectados em série a uma bateria; a placa ...

Education

JoVE Core

Electrical Engineering

Engenharia Elétrica

Unit 1

Unidade 1

Energy Storage Elements

Elementos de Armazenamento de Energia

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMOS-CHAVE E CONCEITOS

capacitance in series and parallel

Capacitors in series and parallel affect a circuit in different ways. These arrangements change the total capacitance, which is the circuit's overall ability to store charge. Knowing the difference helps explain how a circuit responds to signals.

When capacitors are connected in series to a battery, the plate tied to the battery's positive terminal becomes positively charged. The plate connected to the negative terminal becomes negatively charged. The other plates develop equal and opposite charge, which shows that the same current passes through each capacitor in a series path.

Kirchhoff's voltage law is used to analyze the series loop. This law says the total voltage around a closed loop must equal zero. When the capacitor voltages are added, the equivalent capacitor has a total voltage equal to the sum of the individual voltages. For capacitors in series, the reciprocal of the equivalent capacitance equals the sum of the reciprocals of the separate capacitances.

Parallel capacitors behave differently. In a parallel connection, each capacitor has the same potential difference as the battery voltage because they share the same source. Kirchhoff's current law can then be applied at the junction. This law states that current entering a junction must equal current leaving it, which leads to the total current for the equivalent capacitor.

For capacitors in parallel, the equivalent capacitance is the sum of the individual capacitances. Understanding series and parallel capacitor circuits is important in electronics. It helps engineers adjust capacitance for filtering, power supply smoothing, and signal coupling.

Capacitance in Series and Parallel

capacitors

Capacitor Charge and Discharge

Capacitors store electric energy and help control signals in devices like car radios. They work by holding charge on two parallel conducting plates with a dielectric, which is the insulating material between the plates. When a voltage source is connected, positive charge builds up on one plate and negative charge builds up on the other. This charge separation creates a potential difference, and it keeps increasing until it matches the source voltage. The electric field inside the capacitor...

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Capacitor voltage and charge behavior depend on how a parallel plate capacitor connects to a battery. When the battery is attached, a potential difference forms across the plates. That voltage determines how much electrical energy the capacitor can store. The voltage across a capacitor can be found by integrating the equation that links voltage and current. That relationship lets students predict the voltage at any moment during charging or discharging. It also shows why a capacitor keeps a...

series and parallel capacitors

Capacitors in series and parallel affect a circuit in different ways. These arrangements change the total capacitance, which is the circuit's overall ability to store charge. Knowing the difference helps explain how a circuit responds to signals. When capacitors are connected in series to a battery, the plate tied to the battery's positive terminal becomes positively charged. The plate connected to the negative terminal becomes negatively charged. The other plates develop equal and opposite...

equivalent capacitance

Capacitors in Series and Parallel

Capacitors in series and parallel can be simplified by replacing the group with one equivalent capacitor. This equivalent capacitor stores the same charge as the original network when the same potential difference is applied. The idea helps make complex capacitor circuits easier to analyze. In a parallel connection, capacitors share the same voltage across each branch. The equivalent capacitance of N capacitors in parallel is the sum of their individual capacitances. This type of connection...

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Equivalent Inductance in Circuit Networks

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key terms and concepts

Learn how capacitors act in series and parallel circuits, how Kirchhoff's laws apply, and how to calculate equivalent capacitance for high school electronics.

Capacitance in Series and Parallel | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Electrical Engineering offers easy-to-understand animated videos that cover fundamental concepts of electric circuits along with circuit analysis techniques. It incorporates first-order and second-order circuits using operational amplifiers and circuit transformation concepts. The inclusion of practical design examples and real-world applications through scientist-in-action videos adds significant educational value, making complex concepts accessible.

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IPC.6.G

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Capacitance in Series and Parallel

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