Name: car spark coil voltage design example
Uploaded: 2024-04-11T12:48:39.000Z
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Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Specialised Topic in Science

112.51.c.1.

112.51.c.2.D.

design-example-automobile-ignition-system

Design Example: Automobile Ignition System

O sistema de ignição de um automóvel inclui um componente essencial, a vela de ignição, com dois eletrodos separados por um entreferro. Quando a alta tensão é aplicada entre esses eletrodos, uma faísca se forma através do entreferro, inflamando o combustível.
Projetar uma vela de ignição operando com uma pequena bateria de carro envolve o uso de propriedades do indutor.
Quando a chave de ignição é fechada, a corrente da bobina de ignição aumenta constantemente até se estabilizar. Em corrente constante, a tensão torna-se zero.
No entanto, quando o interruptor abre abruptamente, o campo magnético em rápido colapso dentro e ao redor do indutor gera uma alta tensão, desencadeando uma faísca.
Para fins de projeto, considere uma bobina de ignição com indutância e resistência conhecidas. Se uma bateria de 12 volts fornece energia, o objetivo é estimar a corrente final através da bobina quando a chave está desligada e a tensão através do entreferro, assumindo um tempo de abertura da chave de 2 microssegundos.
A relação entre a tensão da bateria e a resistência da bobina fornece a corrente.
Enquanto a tensão é determinada substituindo os valores conhecidos na relação de tensão do indutor.

exemplo de projeto: sistema de ignição de automóvel

O sistema de ignição do automóvel desempenha um papel vital, garantindo a ignição oportuna da mistura ar-combustível em cada cilindro. Esta ignição é facilitada por uma vela de ignição, que é composta por dois eletrodos separados por um entreferro. Uma faísca se forma através deste entreferro quando uma tensão substancial é gerada entre os eletrodos, levando à ignição do combustível.

Pode-se gerar uma grande tensão usando uma bateria de carro de 12 volts com a ajuda de indutores. Os indutores são conhecidos por se oporem a mudanças rápidas na corrente, o que os torna a ferramenta perfeita para gerar faíscas.

No sistema de ignição de um automóvel, é empregado um tipo específico de indutor, denominado bobina de ignição. Ao criar uma mudança significativa na corrente durante um breve período, a tensão no indutor pode ser amplificada. Quando a chave de ignição é acionada, a corrente que passa pelo indutor aumenta gradualmente até atingir um estado estável. Nesta conjuntura, a taxa de variação da corrente e a tensão do indutor são ambas zero.

No entanto, quando a chave é desengatada repentinamente, uma alta tensão é criada no indutor devido ao rápido colapso do campo magnético. Isso resulta em uma faísca ou arco no entreferro. A faísca persiste até que toda a energia armazenada no indutor seja esgotada na descarga da faísca.

Isto pode ser ilustrado com um exemplo de projeto de um sistema de ignição de automóvel. Supondo que a bobina de ignição do sistema tenha uma indutância de 20 mH e uma resistência, e seja alimentada com uma tensão de 12 V. A tarefa em questão é calcular o tempo necessário para a bobina carregar completamente, a energia armazenada na bobina, e a tensão gerada no centelhador se a chave abrir em 2 microssegundos.

Após a realização dos cálculos necessários, conclui-se que a bobina estará totalmente carregada em 20 milissegundos, armazenará uma energia de 57,6 milijoules e gerará uma tensão de 24 quilovolts no centelhador quando a chave for aberta. Essa alta tensão é responsável por criar a faísca que acende a mistura ar-combustível no cilindro, alimentando assim o motor de um carro.

Exemplo de Projeto: Sistema de Ignição de Automóvel

O sistema de ignição de um automóvel inclui um componente essencial, a vela de ignição, com dois eletrodos separados por um entreferro. Quando a alta tensão é ...

Education

JoVE Core

Electrical Engineering

Engenharia Elétrica

Unit 1

Unidade 1

Energy Storage Elements

Elementos de Armazenamento de Energia

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMOS-CHAVE E CONCEITOS

car spark coil voltage design example

An automobile ignition system uses a spark plug and a spark coil to create the high voltage needed to ignite the fuel-air mixture in each cylinder. The spark plug has two electrodes with an air gap between them. When enough voltage appears across that gap, a spark forms and starts combustion.

A 12-volt car battery does not create that spark by itself. The system uses an inductor, which is a component that resists rapid changes in current, to build a much larger voltage. In this ignition setup, that inductor is called the spark coil.

When the ignition switch is closed, current through the coil rises until it reaches steady state. At that point, the current is no longer changing, so the inductor voltage is zero. When the switch opens suddenly, the magnetic field collapses quickly and produces a high voltage across the coil.

That sudden voltage can jump the air gap as an arc. The spark continues until the energy stored in the inductor is used up in the discharge. For a spark coil with 20 mH inductance and a 12 V supply, the coil charges in 20 milliseconds and stores 57.6 millijoules of energy. If the switch opens in 2 microseconds, the spark gap voltage reaches 24 kilovolts, which is enough to ignite the fuel-air mixture and help power the engine.

Car Spark Coil Voltage Design Example

capacitors

Capacitor Charge and Discharge

Capacitors store electric energy and help control signals in devices like car radios. They work by holding charge on two parallel conducting plates with a dielectric, which is the insulating material between the plates. When a voltage source is connected, positive charge builds up on one plate and negative charge builds up on the other. This charge separation creates a potential difference, and it keeps increasing until it matches the source voltage. The electric field inside the capacitor...

energy stored in capacitors

Capacitor Voltage and Charge Behavior

Capacitor voltage and charge behavior depend on how a parallel plate capacitor connects to a battery. When the battery is attached, a potential difference forms across the plates. That voltage determines how much electrical energy the capacitor can store. The voltage across a capacitor can be found by integrating the equation that links voltage and current. That relationship lets students predict the voltage at any moment during charging or discharging. It also shows why a capacitor keeps a...

series and parallel capacitors

Capacitance in Series and Parallel

Capacitors in series and parallel affect a circuit in different ways. These arrangements change the total capacitance, which is the circuit's overall ability to store charge. Knowing the difference helps explain how a circuit responds to signals. When capacitors are connected in series to a battery, the plate tied to the battery's positive terminal becomes positively charged. The plate connected to the negative terminal becomes negatively charged. The other plates develop equal and opposite...

equivalent capacitance

Capacitors in Series and Parallel

Capacitors in series and parallel can be simplified by replacing the group with one equivalent capacitor. This equivalent capacitor stores the same charge as the original network when the same potential difference is applied. The idea helps make complex capacitor circuits easier to analyze. In a parallel connection, capacitors share the same voltage across each branch. The equivalent capacitance of N capacitors in parallel is the sum of their individual capacitances. This type of connection...

inductors

Inductors in Electric Circuits

Inductors are passive components used in electric circuits to store energy in a magnetic field. They are often made by coiling a wire around a magnetic core. This structure gives the component its inductive behavior and its ability to respond to changing current. When current flows through an inductor, the voltage across it is proportional to how quickly the current changes with time. This relationship is written using the passive sign convention, and the constant of proportionality is called...

energy stored in inductors

How Inductor Current Stores Magnetic Energy

An inductor stores energy in its magnetic field. That field is created by the current flowing through the coil. When the current stays steady, there is no measurable voltage across the inductor, so it behaves like a short circuit for direct current. The energy stored in an inductor is the total power delivered over time. It can be written as a function of inductance, L, and current, i, where the stored energy increases with the current in the coil. This relationship helps explain how much...

series and parallel inductors

Equivalent Inductance in Circuit Networks

Equivalent inductance in circuit networks helps simplify circuits with multiple inductors. When inductors are combined, the circuit can often be replaced by one inductor with the same effect on the current and voltage. For inductors in series, the same current flows through each component. Applying Kirchhoff's voltage law shows that the total voltage is the sum of the inductor voltages. As a result, the equivalent inductance of a series group is the sum of the individual inductances. This is...

design example: automobile ignition system

An automobile ignition system uses a spark plug and a spark coil to create the high voltage needed to ignite the fuel-air mixture in each cylinder. The spark plug has two electrodes with an air gap between them. When enough voltage appears across that gap, a spark forms and starts combustion. A 12-volt car battery does not create that spark by itself. The system uses an inductor, which is a component that resists rapid changes in current, to build a much larger voltage. In this ignition setup,...

key terms and concepts

Explore how a 12-volt battery, spark coil, and inductor create 24 kV at a spark gap to ignite the fuel-air mixture in a car engine.

Car Spark Coil Voltage Design Example | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Electrical Engineering offers easy-to-understand animated videos that cover fundamental concepts of electric circuits along with circuit analysis techniques. It incorporates first-order and second-order circuits using operational amplifiers and circuit transformation concepts. The inclusion of practical design examples and real-world applications through scientist-in-action videos adds significant educational value, making complex concepts accessible.

electrical engineering

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.6

IPC.6.A

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves ...

Inductive Reasoning

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Deductive Reasoning

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Correlation and Causation

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Ask questions and define problems related to specialized topics of study based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

112.51.c.1.A.

Scientific Method

The scientific method is used to solve problems and explain phenomena. The development of the scientific method coincided with changes in philosophy ...

Demonstrating the Scientific Method with Tree Branches
ExpandObtain branches containing a few dozen typical leaves from five different local tree species. ...

Observation and Background Research
ExpandNOTE: The first two steps in the scientific process involve studying and observing natural phenomena of ...

Problem-Solving

A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. It involves trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, and insights. Effective ...

Problem Definition

Problem definition is the initial and the most essential step in research.
The researcher identifies and explains the specific issue or gap to be ...

Apply science practices related to specialized topics of study to plan and conduct investigations or use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

112.51.c.1.B.

Proper Personal Protective Equipment

Robert M. Rioux &#38; William A Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Emergency Eyewash and Shower Stations

Robert M. Rioux, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Electrical Safety

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Working with Centrifuges

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Working with Hot and Cold Sources

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Working with extreme temperatures, both high and low, ...

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Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Chemical Storage: Categories, Hazards And Compatibilities

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Safe Handling of Mineral Acids

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Handling Chemical Spills

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Since chemicals are commonly used for laboratory research ...

Proper Use of Autoclaves

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Autoclaving is one of the most commonly used methods in the ...

Fume Hoods and Laminar Flow Cabinets

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Fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets are engineering controls ...

Decontamination for Laboratory Biosafety

Robert M. Rioux and Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Decontamination is essential for laboratory biosafety, as the ...

Proper Waste Disposal

Robert M. Rioux and Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA

Users are responsible for the proper disposal of the waste ...

Use appropriate safety equipment and practices during laboratory, classroom, and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards;

112.51.c.1.C.

Common Lab Glassware and Uses

Source: Laboratory of Dr. Neal Abrams &#8212; SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Glassware is a regular appearance in the professional ...

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Source: Smaa Koraym at Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA

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112.51.c.1.D.

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International System of Units

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Measurement: Standard Units

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Measurement: Derived Units

The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, ...

Collect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) or qualitative data as evidence as appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.1.E.

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative ...

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Scatter Plot

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Multiple Bar Graph

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Pareto Chart

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Pie Chart

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Organize quantitative or qualitative data using representations appropriate to the specialized topic of study such as scatter plots, line graphs, bar graphs, charts, data tables, diagrams, scientific drawings, and student-prepared models;

112.51.c.1.F.

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/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14686.jpg

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Develop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to problems as appropriate to the specialized topic of study; and

112.51.c.1.G.

Scientific Laws and Theories

Scientific Laws

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Distinguish among scientific hypotheses, theories, and laws as appropriate to the specialized topic of study.

112.51.c.1.H.

Identify advantages and limitations of models such as their size, scale, properties, and materials as appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.2.A.

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Analyze data appropriate to the specialized topic of study by identifying significant statistical features, patterns, sources of error, and limitations;

112.51.c.2.B.

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Use mathematical calculations to assess quantitative relationships in data as appropriate to the specialized topic of study; and

112.51.c.2.C.

Scientific and engineering practices. The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to explain phenomena or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

Car Spark Coil Voltage Design Example

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