Name: interphase in the cell growth cycle
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:14.000Z
Duration: 54 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

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North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

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From Molecules to Organisms- Structures and Processes

LS.Bio.2.1

Interphase

- [Инструктор] В эукариотических клетках наибольшая частьклеточного цикла является межфазной,которая делится на три этапа: G1, S и G2. 
В G1, первой фазе разрыва,новообразованная дочерняя клетка увеличивается в размерахи готовится к дублированию ДНК на следующей фазе. 
Теперь в фазе синтеза Sклетки дублируют свою ядерную ДНК,которая остается упакованной в виде хроматина. 
Клетки также дублируют центросомы,организующую структуру микротрубочек,которая формирует аппарат митотического веретена. 
Наконец, в G2, второй фазе разрыва,клетки продолжают расти, размножаются органеллы и белки,необходимые для митоза,и пополняют свои запасы энергии. 
Клетка теперь готова войти в первую стадию митоза.

Шафер, К. А. "Клеточный цикл: обзор." Ветеринарная патология 35, No6 (1 ноября 1998): 461–78. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589803500601" target="__blank">Источник</a>]

Интерфаза

Клеточный цикл происходит в течение примерно 24 часов (в типичной человеческой клетке) и в двух различных стадиях: интерфаза, которая включает в себя три фазы клеточного цикла (G1,S и G2), и митоз (M). Во время интерфазы, которая занимает около 95 процентов продолжительности эукариотического клеточного цикла, клетки растут и реплицируют свою ДНК в рамках подготовки к митозу.

<h4>Фазы интерфазы</h4>

После каждого периода митоза и цитокиноза, эукариотические клетки попадают в интерфазу, в течение которой они растут и реплицируют свою ДНК в рамках подготовки к следующему митотическому делению.

Во время фазы G1 (пробел 1) клетки постоянно растут и готовятся к репликации ДНК. Во время этой фазы клетки метаболически активны и копируют необходимые органеллы и биохимические молекулы, такие как белки.

В последующей фазе S (синтеза) интерфазы клетки дублируют свою ядерную ДНК, которая остается упакованной в полуконденсированный хроматин. Во время фазы S клетки также дублируют центросому, микротрубочку, организуя структуру, которая образует митотический шпиндельный аппарат. Митотический шпиндель отделяет хромосомы во время митоза.

В фазе G2 (пробел 2), которая следует за синтезом ДНК, клетки продолжают расти и синтезировать белки и органеллы для подготовки к митозу.

В клетках человека фаза G1 длится около 11 часов, фаза S занимает около 8 часов, а фаза G2 длится около 4 часов. Во время G1,клетки диплоид (2n, пара каждой хромосомы). После репликации в фазе S клетки увеличивают содержание ДНК до 4n. Клетки остаются 4n до цитокинесиса, после чего их содержание ДНК уменьшается до 2n.

Клеточный цикл происходит в течение примерно 24 часов (в типичной человеческой клетке) и состоит из двух отдельных стадий: интерфаза, которая включает в себя три фазы ...

Education

JoVE Core

Биология

Cellular Processes

Клеточные процессы

Cell Cycle and Division

Клеточный цикл и деление клетки

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕРМИНЫ И ПОНЯТИЯ

interphase in the cell growth cycle

Interphase is the stage of the cell cycle when a eukaryotic cell grows and copies its DNA before mitosis. In a typical human cell, the full cell cycle takes about 24 hours, and interphase makes up about 95 percent of that time. It is followed by mitosis, also called M, when the cell divides.

After mitosis and cytokinesis, cells enter the G1 phase, or gap 1. During G1, cells grow continuously and prepare for DNA replication. They are metabolically active and copy essential organelles and biochemical molecules, including proteins.

The next stage is S phase, or synthesis phase. In this phase, the cell duplicates its nuclear DNA, which stays packed in semi-condensed chromatin. The centrosome is also duplicated. This microtubule-organizing structure helps form the mitotic spindle, which separates chromosomes during mitosis.

After DNA synthesis, the cell enters G2, or gap 2. During G2, cells keep growing and make more proteins and organelles to prepare for mitosis. In human cells, G1 lasts about 11 hours, S phase about 8 hours, and G2 about 4 hours.

The DNA content of the cell also changes during interphase. In G1, cells are diploid, or 2n, with one pair of each chromosome. After DNA replication in S phase, the DNA content rises to 4n. Cells stay at 4n until cytokinesis, when the DNA content returns to 2n.

Interphase in the Cell Growth Cycle

what is the cell cycle?

Cell Cycle Checkpoints and Cancer

The cell cycle is the set of steps a eukaryotic cell follows as it grows and divides. In somatic cells, it has two main stages: interphase and the mitotic phase. During interphase, the cell grows, carries out its basic metabolic functions, copies its DNA, and gets ready for mitotic cell division. After interphase, the cell enters mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis divides the nuclear material, and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm. These steps produce two daughter cells that are identical to the...

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interphase

Interphase is the stage of the cell cycle when a eukaryotic cell grows and copies its DNA before mitosis. In a typical human cell, the full cell cycle takes about 24 hours, and interphase makes up about 95 percent of that time. It is followed by mitosis, also called M, when the cell divides. After mitosis and cytokinesis, cells enter the G1 phase, or gap 1. During G1, cells grow continuously and prepare for DNA replication. They are metabolically active and copy essential organelles and...

mitosis and cytokinesis

Cell Cycle Stages in Mitosis

Cell cycle stages in mitosis show how a eukaryotic cell copies its DNA and then divides into two daughter cells. The cycle is controlled by regulatory systems and by outside signals that affect cell growth and division. In typical human cells, the full cycle takes about 24 hours and includes two major phases. The first is DNA replication during the S phase of interphase. The second is the mitotic, or M, phase, which includes mitosis and cytokinesis. G1 and G2 are the gap stages between these...

positive regulator molecules

Cyclins and CDKs in the Cell Cycle

Cyclins and CDKs help control the cell cycle, the process that produces daughter cells. Cells use internal checkpoints to make sure their size, energy reserves, and DNA are ready before they move forward. At these checkpoints, positive regulators help the cell continue, while negative regulators slow or stop it. The main positive regulators are cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, or CDKs. These proteins are found in eukaryotes, from yeast to humans. Cyclins are grouped by the stage they help...

negative regulator molecules

Cell Cycle Stop Signals: p53, p21, and Rb

Cell cycle stop signals help control when a cell can move forward through division. Negative regulators pause or end the cell cycle until the cell meets the right conditions. Three well-studied negative regulators are p53, p21, and retinoblastoma protein, or Rb. Their roles became clear after faulty versions were found in cancer cells that kept replicating uncontrollably. These proteins act mostly at the G1 checkpoint, which comes early in the cell cycle. P53 has a strong effect on whether a...

cancer

Cancer Treatment, Personalization, and Cell Growth

Cancer develops when mutations affect genes that control cell division. Those changes can remove the normal brakes on growth and lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have improved how cancer is understood and treated, and some patients can now be cured. There is still no single cure for cancer because cancer is not one disease. It is a large group of many diseases. Even when two people have the same mutation in an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene, their...

key terms and concepts

Follow the three stages of interphase—G1, S, and G2—and see how cells grow, copy DNA, and prepare for mitosis in the human cell cycle.

Interphase in the Cell Growth Cycle | JoVE K12

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Interphase in the Cell Growth Cycle

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