Name: attitude components in everyday life
Uploaded: 2020-02-12T11:07:44.000Z
Duration: 1 min 54 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Biology

BIO.3

BIO.3.C

Attitudes

Люди могут иметь разные взгляды на жизнь, в зависимости от их привязанных ассоциаций к чему-либо. Например, у кого-то может быть плохое настроение: на улице идет дождь, и он связывает это с грустью. Когда она включает телевизор, то видит кучу игроков, выражающих радость: они вот-вот выиграют желанный титул как команда.

Обе эти ситуации описывают установки — набор эмоций, убеждений и поведения, которые являются результатом положительной или отрицательной оценки человека, места, объекта или события. Здесь установки являются явными — сознательно известными и внешне выраженными.

К счастью, взаимодействие между установками людей и тем, как они действуют в соответствии с ними, может быть взаимным. То есть, отношение может влиять на действия — счастливая футбольная команда знает, что она радостна и будет продолжать выигрывать больше игр, — а действия могут влиять на отношение — женщина может выполнять свои тренировки в помещении, чтобы снова почувствовать себя оптимистом.

Однако иногда люди не осознают своих истинных взглядов или не хотят признаваться в них, особенно если они социально неприемлемы или противоречивы, как, например, в случае с расовыми предрассудками и сексуальностью. Такие оценки считаются имплицитными — они не выражаются вербально или открыто; Они происходят вне сознательного осознания и контроля.

Несмотря на это, люди могут выражать непредвзятые взгляды, но при этом сохранять негативное отношение. К счастью, существуют ресурсы для изучения распространенности и силы имплицитных установок и их осознания в сознании!

Отношения

Отношение – это наша оценка человека, идеи или объекта. У нас есть отношение ко многим вещам, начиная от продуктов, которые мы можем купить в супермаркете, и заканчивая людьми по всему миру и политической политикой. Как правило, отношение бывает благоприятным или неблагоприятным: положительным или отрицательным (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). Кроме того, у них есть три компонента: аффективный компонент (чувства), поведенческий компонент (влияние отношения на поведение) и когнитивный компонент (вера и знание; Rosenberg & Hovland, 1960).

Мыслите позитивно.

Например, вы можете положительно относиться к переработке отходов. Такое отношение должно приводить к положительным эмоциям по отношению к переработке (например, «Мне приятно чувствовать себя при переработке отходов» или «Мне нравится знать, что я вношу небольшой вклад в сокращение количества отходов, которые попадают на свалки»). Конечно, это отношение должно отражаться в нашем поведении: вы на самом деле перерабатываете так часто, как только можете. Наконец, это отношение будет отражено в позитивных мыслях (например, «Переработка полезна для окружающей среды» или «Переработка — это ответственный поступок»).

На наши взгляды и убеждения влияют не только внешние силы, но и внутренние влияния, которые мы контролируем. Как и наше поведение, наши взгляды и мысли не всегда изменяются под влиянием ситуационного давления, но они могут быть сознательно изменены нашей собственной свободной волей. 

 

Этот текст адаптирован из <a href="https://cnx.org/contents/Sr8Ev5Og@10.16:MBKbyrYC@13/12-3-Attitudes-and-Persuasion" target="_blank">OpenStax, Психология. OpenStax CNX.</a>

Отношение – это наша оценка человека, идеи или объекта. У нас есть отношение ко многим вещам, начиная от продуктов, которые мы можем купить в...

Education

JoVE Core

Social Psychology

Социальная психология

Foundations of Social Psychology

Основы социальной психологии

Attitudes and Persuasion

Установки и убеждение

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕРМИНЫ И ПОНЯТИЯ

attitude components in everyday life

Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. People hold attitudes about many things. These can include products from the supermarket, people around the world, and political policies. Attitudes are usually favorable or unfavorable, meaning positive or negative.

Attitudes also have three parts. The affective component is the feeling part. The behavioral component is the effect the attitude has on behavior. The cognitive component includes belief and knowledge. For example, a positive attitude toward recycling can create good feelings about recycling. It can also lead to the behavior of recycling as often as possible. It can also support thoughts such as, “Recycling is good for the environment” or “Recycling is the responsible thing to do.”

Attitudes and beliefs are shaped by both outside forces and internal influences that we can control. Like behavior, attitudes and thoughts are not always changed by situational pressure. They can also be changed consciously by our own free will.

Attitude Components in Everyday Life

attitudes

Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. People hold attitudes about many things. These can include products from the supermarket, people around the world, and political policies. Attitudes are usually favorable or unfavorable, meaning positive or negative. Attitudes also have three parts. The affective component is the feeling part. The behavioral component is the effect the attitude has on behavior. The cognitive component includes belief and knowledge. For example, a...

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Attitude Components in Everyday Life

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