Name: hydrostatic pressure on submerged surfaces
Uploaded: 2025-02-13T15:43:11.000Z
Duration: 1 min 4 s
Channel: JoVE

Рассмотрим плоские поверхности, погруженные в жидкость с определенным весом. Из-за жидкости на поверхности возникают силы.
Результирующая сил, возникающих на горизонтальной поверхности, определяется произведением давления, оказываемого жидкостью на поверхность, на площадь поверхности, действующую через центроид этой области.
Результирующая сил, действующих на вертикальную поверхность, определяется как произведение удельного веса жидкости, площади вертикальной поверхности и глубины центроида площади от поверхности жидкости.
Для наклонной погружной поверхности сила, действующая на небольшой элемент, является произведением удельного веса жидкости, глубины элемента от поверхности жидкости и его площади.
Интегрирование силы, действующей на пластырь, дает результирующую давления, действующего на всю поверхность наклона.
Результирующая агент кажется действующей через центроид, но на самом деле она действует через точку ниже центроида, называемую центром давления.

Сила, вызванная гидростатическим давлением на плоскую поверхность

Когда плоская поверхность погружена в жидкость, на поверхности возникают гидростатические силы из-за давления жидкости. Для горизонтальных поверхностей давление, оказываемое жидкостью, однородно, поскольку глубина остается постоянной. Результирующая сила определяется давлением на заданной глубине, умноженным на площадь поверхности, и действует через центроид поверхности. Для вертикальных поверхностей давление изменяется с глубиной, увеличиваясь по мере увеличения расстояния от свободной поверхности жидкости. Результирующая сила рассчитывается как произведение удельного веса жидкости, площади вертикальной поверхности и глубины центроида от поверхности жидкости.

 В случае наклонной поверхности сила, действующая на каждый малый элемент поверхности, зависит от его глубины и удельного веса жидкости. Чтобы найти общую силу, интегрируются вклады всех элементов поверхности. Хотя может показаться, что результирующая сила действует через центроид поверхности, на самом деле она действует через точку, называемую центром давления, которая расположена ниже центроида. Это та точка, в которой можно считать, что действует полное гидростатическое давление.

Рассмотрим плоские поверхности, погруженные в жидкость с определенным весом. Из-за жидкости на поверхности возникают силы.
В результате ...

hydrostatic-pressure-force-on-a-plane-surface

Education

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

Unit 1

Раздел 1

Fluid Statics

Гидростатика

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕРМИНЫ И ПОНЯТИЯ

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Plane Surface

hydrostatic pressure on submerged surfaces

Hydrostatic pressure creates force on submerged plane surfaces. The force depends on the fluid pressure and the area of the surface. The way that force acts changes with the surface position.

For a horizontal surface, the depth stays the same across the whole area. That means the pressure is uniform. The resultant force equals the pressure at that depth multiplied by the surface area, and it acts through the centroid of the surface.

For a vertical surface, pressure increases as depth increases below the free surface. The resultant force is found from the fluid’s specific weight, the area of the vertical surface, and the depth of the centroid from the fluid surface. An inclined surface is handled by looking at small surface elements, each affected by its own depth and the fluid’s specific weight. The total force comes from adding, or integrating, all of those small contributions.

The resultant force does not act at the centroid in every case. It acts at the center of pressure, which is below the centroid. This is the point where the total hydrostatic pressure can be treated as acting.

Hydrostatic Pressure on Submerged Surfaces

hydrostatic-pressure-on-submerged-surfaces

concept of pressure at a point

Fluid Pressure at One Point

Fluid pressure at one point is the focus of this lesson. It shows that pressure in a fluid is the same in every direction at a single location. This happens because fluid molecules move randomly and collide with nearby molecules in a balanced way. At a given point, the pressure depends on the surrounding fluid molecules. It is affected by depth and density, not by the shape of the container or the way the fluid is oriented. In a fluid at rest, the pressure acts equally in all directions...

basic equation for pressure field

Pressure Balance in a Fluid Element

The pressure field equation describes how forces stay balanced inside a small fluid element. In fluid mechanics, this balance helps explain how pressure changes from one place to another within a fluid. Two main force types act on a fluid segment: surface forces and body forces. Surface forces come from pressure differences across nearby points in the fluid, so they depend on the local pressure gradient, which is the rate of pressure change with position. Body forces are spread through the...

pressure variation in a fluid at rest

Hydrostatic Pressure and Fluid Depth

Hydrostatic pressure describes how pressure changes with depth in a fluid at rest. In a stationary fluid, the fluid acceleration is zero, so the forces inside the fluid balance. That means pressure at a point below the surface depends on depth, not on the container’s shape or size. Only vertical forces affect the pressure change in this situation. These forces come from the weight of the fluid above a point. When pressure is compared at two different levels, the difference in pressure equals...

measurement of fluid pressure

Manometers and Gauges for Fluid Pressure

Fluid pressure is measured with manometers and related gauges. These tools use a liquid column to show pressure differences. The height of the column gives a simple reading of the force the fluid exerts. A basic manometer is the piezometer. It is a vertical tube that is open at the top and filled with the same fluid being measured. When the tube connects to a container, the fluid height in the tube matches the pressure inside that container. For more detailed measurements, the U-tube...

hydrostatic pressure force on a plane surface

Hydrostatic pressure creates force on submerged plane surfaces. The force depends on the fluid pressure and the area of the surface. The way that force acts changes with the surface position. For a horizontal surface, the depth stays the same across the whole area. That means the pressure is uniform. The resultant force equals the pressure at that depth multiplied by the surface area, and it acts through the centroid of the surface. For a vertical surface, pressure increases as depth...

hydrostatic pressure force on a curved surface

hydrostatic-pressure-force-on-a-curved-surface

Finding the Force on Curved Fluid Surfaces

Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is an important idea in fluid mechanics. It helps explain how water pushes on curved structures in civil engineering. Examples include reservoirs, dams, and storage tanks. The pressure changes in both size and direction along the curve. To find the total hydrostatic force on a curved surface, engineers isolate the fluid volume next to that surface. They then study the forces on imaginary horizontal and vertical planes that cut through the volume. The...

buoyancy and stability for submerged and floating bodies

buoyancy-and-stability-for-submerged-and-floating-bodies

How Buoyancy Keeps Bodies Stable in Water

Buoyancy and stability explain how submerged and floating bodies behave in a fluid. When a body is fully or partly under water and stays still, the fluid pushes upward on it. That upward push is called the buoyant force. The buoyant force acts through the center of buoyancy. This is the center of the displaced fluid volume. Archimedes’ principle says the buoyant force equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. Stability describes whether a body can return to its original position...

design example: application of archimedes' principle

design-example-application-of-archimedes-principle

Floating Block Buoyancy and Center of Buoyancy

Archimedes' principle is used to analyze the buoyant force on a wooden block that floats in seawater. The block has a rectangular section, and its dimensions, specific gravity, and the specific weight of seawater are used in the calculation. This setup shows how floating bodies stay in equilibrium. The first step is to find the weight of the block from its volume and specific gravity. Then Archimedes' principle is applied. The weight of the displaced water must equal the weight of the block.

key terms and concepts

Learn how hydrostatic pressure acts on horizontal, vertical, and inclined submerged surfaces, and why the center of pressure is below the centroid.

Hydrostatic Pressure on Submerged Surfaces | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

Hydrostatic Pressure on Submerged Surfaces

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