Name: how cells split by binary fission
Uploaded: 2026-05-28T09:04:15.895Z
Duration: 1 min 20 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms- Structures and Processes

LS.Bio.2.1

Binary Fission

- [&#xD6;&#x11F;retmen] Prokaryotlar h&#xFC;cre b&#xF6;l&#xFC;nmesiyle &#xE7;o&#x11F;al&#x131;rlar, ama &#xF6;karyotlardan farkl&#x131; bir proses kullan&#x131;rlar, aseks&#xFC;el bir &#x15F;ekilde kendilerinin, genetik olarak birbirine e&#x15F; 2 klonunu olu&#x15F;tururlar.
 Bu &#xFC;reme tipine ikili fizyon denir, anlam&#x131; ikiye b&#xF6;l&#xFC;nmedir.
 B&#xF6;l&#xFC;nmek i&#xE7;in h&#xFC;cre ilk olarak DNA&#x27;s&#x131;n&#x131; de&#x11F;i&#x15F;tirir ve h&#xFC;cre plazma zar&#x131;yla kromozom temas&#x131;ndaki bir alan olan &#xE7;o&#x11F;alma kayna&#x11F;&#x131;ndaki kromozomu kopyalar.
&#xC7;o&#x11F;alma enzimleri kromozomu iki y&#xF6;nl&#xFC; kopyalar ve kaynaktan z&#x131;t y&#xF6;nlere hareket ederek 2 &#xE7;ift &#x15F;eritli kromozom olu&#x15F;turur.
 &#xC7;o&#x11F;alma olurken, 2 kromozom da birbirinden ayr&#x131;lmaya, h&#xFC;crenin z&#x131;t taraflar&#x131;na hareket etmeye ba&#x15F;lar.
 H&#xFC;cre uzar ve kromozom veya &#xE7;ekirdek ayr&#x131;lmas&#x131;n&#x131; te&#x15F;vik eder.
Kromozomlar z&#x131;t taraflara hareket etti&#x11F;inde, sitoplazmik ayr&#x131;lma, sitokinez ba&#x15F;layabilir.
 &#x15E;imdi, h&#xFC;crenin ortas&#x131;nda kendi kendine ortaya &#xE7;&#x131;kan bir protein halkas&#x131; olu&#x15F;ur ve orta nokta &#xE7;evresinden ortaya do&#x11F;ru bir septum halkas&#x131;n&#x131;n, geli&#x15F;en bir h&#xFC;cre duvar&#x131;n&#x131;n olu&#x15F;mas&#x131;n&#x131; y&#xF6;netir.
 Septum geli&#x15F;mesini bitirdi&#x11F;inde, h&#xFC;creyi s&#x131;k&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r&#x131;r ve birbirine e&#x15F; iki yavru h&#xFC;creye b&#xF6;ler.

İkiye bölünerek Çoğalma

Fisyon, tek bir varl&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;n iki veya daha fazla par&#xE7;aya b&#xF6;l&#xFC;nmesidir ve bu da orijinaline benzeyen ayr&#x131; varl&#x131;klara d&#xF6;n&#xFC;&#x15F;&#xFC;r. Archaea ve bakteri alanlar&#x131;ndaki organizmalar, bir ana h&#xFC;crenin her biri orijinal ana h&#xFC;crenin boyutuna kadar b&#xFC;y&#xFC;yebilen iki par&#xE7;aya b&#xF6;l&#xFC;nd&#xFC;&#x11F;&#xFC; ikili fisyon kullan&#x131;larak &#xE7;o&#x11F;al&#x131;rlar. Bu aseks&#xFC;el &#xFC;reme y&#xF6;ntemi, hepsi genetik olarak ayn&#x131; olan h&#xFC;creler &#xFC;retir.<h4>Bakteriyel Fisyon H&#x131;z&#x131;</h4>H&#x131;z&#x131; t&#xFC;rler aras&#x131;nda de&#x11F;i&#x15F;se de, ikili fisyon genellikle h&#x131;zl&#x131;d&#x131;r ve &#x15F;a&#x15F;&#x131;rt&#x131;c&#x131; bir b&#xFC;y&#xFC;me sa&#x11F;layabilir. Bakteri h&#xFC;crelerinin ikili fisyona girmesi i&#xE7;in gereken s&#xFC;re i&#xE7;inde, bakteri k&#xFC;lt&#xFC;r&#xFC;ndeki h&#xFC;cre say&#x131;s&#x131; iki kat&#x131;na &#xE7;&#x131;kar. B&#xF6;ylece, bu s&#xFC;re iki kat&#x131;na &#xE7;&#x131;kar. &#xD6;rne&#x11F;in,Escherichia coli h&#xFC;creleri genellikle her 20 dakikada bir b&#xF6;l&#xFC;n&#xFC;r. Bununla birlikte, bakteri b&#xFC;y&#xFC;mesi, besin ve alan kullan&#x131;labilirli&#x11F;i de dahil olmak &#xFC;zere fakt&#xF6;rlerle s&#x131;n&#x131;rl&#x131;d&#x131;r. Bu nedenle, ikili fisyon, b&#xFC;y&#xFC;me s&#x131;n&#x131;rlay&#x131;c&#x131; bir fakt&#xF6;rle kar&#x15F;&#x131;la&#x15F;an bakteri k&#xFC;lt&#xFC;rlerinde (yani, sabit bir b&#xFC;y&#xFC;me a&#x15F;amas&#x131;na giren) &#xE7;ok daha d&#xFC;&#x15F;&#xFC;k oranlarda meydana gelir.<h4>&#xD6;karyotik H&#xFC;crelerde Organellerin Fisyonu</h4>Archaea ve bakteri alanlar&#x131;ndaki organizmalara ek olarak, &#xF6;karyotik h&#xFC;crelerdeki baz&#x131; organeller de ikili fisyon yoluyla &#xE7;o&#x11F;al&#x131;rlar. Mitokondri, &#xF6;rne&#x11F;in, prokaryotik ikili fisyon ile b&#xF6;l&#xFC;n&#xFC;r. Bu i&#x15F;lem mitokondriyal proteinlerin ve DNA&#x27;n&#x131;n b&#xF6;l&#xFC;nmesini gerektirir.

İkiye Bölünerek Çoğalma

Fission is the division of a single entity into two or more parts, which regenerate into separate entities that resemble the original. Organisms in the ...

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Education

JoVE Core

Biyoloji

Cellular Processes

Hücresel Süreçler

Cell Cycle and Division

Hücre Döngüsü ve Bölünmesi

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

Learn by watching this video about Binary Fission in Biological Systems at JoVE.com

how cells split by binary fission

Binary fission is a common way that bacteria and archaea reproduce. In this process, one parent cell divides into two parts. Each new cell can then grow to the size of the original parent cell. This is an asexual form of reproduction, so the cells produced are genetically identical.

Binary fission can happen very fast. In the time it takes one bacterial cell to divide, the number of cells in the culture doubles. That time is called the doubling time. Escherichia coli cells often divide every 20 minutes, but the rate can vary by species.

Bacterial growth does not stay fast forever. It can slow when nutrients or space run low. When this happens, the culture enters a stationary growth phase, and binary fission occurs at a much lower rate.

Some organelles in eukaryotic cells also reproduce by binary fission. Mitochondria are one example. Their division uses prokaryotic binary fission and requires the division of mitochondrial proteins and DNA.

How Cells Split by Binary Fission

what is the cell cycle?

Cell Cycle Checkpoints and Cancer

The cell cycle is the set of steps a eukaryotic cell follows as it grows and divides. In somatic cells, it has two main stages: interphase and the mitotic phase. During interphase, the cell grows, carries out its basic metabolic functions, copies its DNA, and gets ready for mitotic cell division. After interphase, the cell enters mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis divides the nuclear material, and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm. These steps produce two daughter cells that are identical to the...

genomic dna in prokaryotes

Prokaryote Chromosomes and Plasmids

Most prokaryotes store their DNA in one circular chromosome inside the nucleoid, a region of cytoplasm. This chromosome is double-stranded and tightly wound, or supercoiled, so it fits efficiently inside the cell. Prokaryotes also carry smaller circular DNA pieces called plasmids. Plasmids often carry genes that give bacteria helpful traits. One important example is antibiotic resistance. Bacteria can gain these plasmids and the traits they carry, which can help them adapt to changing...

binary fission

Binary fission is a common way that bacteria and archaea reproduce. In this process, one parent cell divides into two parts. Each new cell can then grow to the size of the original parent cell. This is an asexual form of reproduction, so the cells produced are genetically identical. Binary fission can happen very fast. In the time it takes one bacterial cell to divide, the number of cells in the culture doubles. That time is called the doubling time. Escherichia coli cells often divide every...

genomic dna in eukaryotes

How Eukaryotic DNA Fits Inside the Nucleus

Eukaryotic DNA fits inside the nucleus by packing into a highly compact form. Eukaryotes have large genomes compared with prokaryotes, so their DNA must be tightly organized to fit inside one cell. The process starts when DNA wraps around proteins called histones. These DNA-histone units form nucleosomes, which are connected by linker DNA. The nucleosomes then coil into chromatin fibers, and additional fibrous proteins compact the chromatin even more. This packed material is called chromatin,...

interphase

Interphase in the Cell Growth Cycle

Interphase is the stage of the cell cycle when a eukaryotic cell grows and copies its DNA before mitosis. In a typical human cell, the full cell cycle takes about 24 hours, and interphase makes up about 95 percent of that time. It is followed by mitosis, also called M, when the cell divides. After mitosis and cytokinesis, cells enter the G1 phase, or gap 1. During G1, cells grow continuously and prepare for DNA replication. They are metabolically active and copy essential organelles and...

mitosis and cytokinesis

Cell Cycle Stages in Mitosis

Cell cycle stages in mitosis show how a eukaryotic cell copies its DNA and then divides into two daughter cells. The cycle is controlled by regulatory systems and by outside signals that affect cell growth and division. In typical human cells, the full cycle takes about 24 hours and includes two major phases. The first is DNA replication during the S phase of interphase. The second is the mitotic, or M, phase, which includes mitosis and cytokinesis. G1 and G2 are the gap stages between these...

positive regulator molecules

Cyclins and CDKs in the Cell Cycle

Cyclins and CDKs help control the cell cycle, the process that produces daughter cells. Cells use internal checkpoints to make sure their size, energy reserves, and DNA are ready before they move forward. At these checkpoints, positive regulators help the cell continue, while negative regulators slow or stop it. The main positive regulators are cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, or CDKs. These proteins are found in eukaryotes, from yeast to humans. Cyclins are grouped by the stage they help...

negative regulator molecules

Cell Cycle Stop Signals: p53, p21, and Rb

Cell cycle stop signals help control when a cell can move forward through division. Negative regulators pause or end the cell cycle until the cell meets the right conditions. Three well-studied negative regulators are p53, p21, and retinoblastoma protein, or Rb. Their roles became clear after faulty versions were found in cancer cells that kept replicating uncontrollably. These proteins act mostly at the G1 checkpoint, which comes early in the cell cycle. P53 has a strong effect on whether a...

cancer

Cancer Treatment, Personalization, and Cell Growth

Cancer develops when mutations affect genes that control cell division. Those changes can remove the normal brakes on growth and lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have improved how cancer is understood and treated, and some patients can now be cured. There is still no single cure for cancer because cancer is not one disease. It is a large group of many diseases. Even when two people have the same mutation in an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene, their...

key terms and concepts

Learn how bacteria and archaea use binary fission to reproduce, why bacterial growth can double quickly, and how mitochondria divide in eukaryotic cells.

How Cells Split by Binary Fission | JoVE K12

JoVE Core series brings biology to life through over 300 concise and easy-to-understand animated video lessons that explain key concepts in biology, plus more than 150 scientist-in-action videos that show actual research experiments conducted in today’s laboratories.

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JoVE Core serisi, biyolojinin ana konseptlerini açıklayan 300 adet kısa ve kolay anlaşılabilir olan video dersleriyle ve günümüz laboratuvarlarında yürütülen gerçek araştırmaları gösteren 150'den fazla \"bilim insanları iş başında\" videolarıyla biyolojiye hayat vermektedir.

Pennsylvania State Academic Standards

Life Science

Inheritance and Variation of Traits

3.1.9-12.Q

Structure and Function

3.1.9-12.A

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

BIO.3

BIO.3.c

LS.2

LS.2.d

Florida Department of Education

High School

SC.912.L.16

SC.912.L.16.15

new-york-state-science-learning-standards

New York State Science Learning Standards

HS-LS1-4.

Georgia Standards of Excellence

SB1.b

Next Generation Science Standards

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

HS-LS1-4

Compounds Essential to Human Function

The human body is composed of cells that are fundamentally made up of several different molecules. These molecules are essential to carry out all ...

Macromolecules

Biomolecules
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Solution Preparation
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Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and ...

Fats as Energy Storage Molecules

What are Proteins?

Protein Organization

Globular Proteins

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Fibrous Proteins

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Protein Denaturation

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Role of Proteins in the Human Body

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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell&#39;s genetic blueprint and have instructions for its ...

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group ...

ATP Energy Storage and Release

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, ...

Construct an explanation to illustrate relationships between structure and function of major macromolecules essential for life.

LS.Bio.1.1

Introduction to Enzymes

The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an ...

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Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

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introduction-to-mechanisms-of-enzyme-catalysis

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Ligand Binding and Linkage

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Ribozymes

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LS.Bio.1.2

What are Cells?

Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, ...

Cell Size

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Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

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Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains&#x2014;Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common organisms, such as ...

Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm consists of organelles and a framework of protein scaffolds called the cytoskeleton suspended in an aqueous solution, the cytosol. The ...

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression ...

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic ReticulumThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of membranous sacs and tubules in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer ...

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that ...

Golgi Apparatus

As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are ...

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules ...

Peroxisomes

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Introduction to the Cytoskeleton

Overview of the Cytoskeleton
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Cell Structure

Background
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overview-of-myosin-structure-and-function

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Types of Intermediate Filaments

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Gap Junctions

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Use models to explain how the structure of organelles determines its function and supports overall cell processes.

LS.Bio.1.3

Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium, or trillions of them, ...

the-tree-of-life-bacteria-archaea-and-eukaryotes

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LS.Bio.1.4

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Construct an explanation to summarize how DNA and RNA direct the synthesis of proteins.

LS.Bio.1.5

Analyze how the relationship between structure and function supports life processes within organisms.

How Cells Split by Binary Fission

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