Name: spinal cord structure and dermatomes
Uploaded: 2025-10-23T11:49:14.000Z
Duration: 1 min 54 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.25

The Spinal Cord

- [Anlatıcı] Omurilik, periferden beyine aferent duyusal bilgileri ve beyinden perifere eferent motor bilgileri ileten, merkezi sinir sisteminin bir kısmını içeren kalın bir sinir dokusu silindiridir.
 Kesitte, omuriliğin içindeki gri madde kelebek şeklinde görünür.
 Gri maddenin ventral hornu motor nöronlar içerir.
Hem yukarı hem de aşağı yönlü yollarda akson grupları bulunacak şekilde beyaz maddeyle çevrilidir.
 Ortasında, sinir dokusunu besleyen beyin omurilik sıvısını içeren merkezi bir kanal bulunur.
 İliğin içinde dura mater'i içeren zarlar ve omurga zarları bulunur.
Beyin sapına bağlı olan omurilik, foramen magnum ve vertebral kolonun kemik serileri boyunca devam eder ve L1, iki lomber seviyesinde sonlanarak kauda ekina adı verilen uzun bir sinir demeti oluşturur.
 Eşleşmiş omurilik sinirleri ile omur vertebra konumuna göre belirlenen seviyelere veya bölgelere bölünmüştür.
 Örneğin, servikal omur C2 ila C7 bölgesi, boynu, omuzları, kolları ve elleri kaplayan sinirlere karşılık gelir.
Her omurun içinde, sinir kök çiftleri omur foramenlerinden ayrı dallar şeklinde çıkarlar.
 Ventral sinir kökü hareketi kontrol etmek için kasları hedef alırken, dorsal sinir kökü, hissi iletmek için cildi kaplar.
 Cildin belirli bir spinal sinirle kaplı her bir bölgesine dermatom denir ve bunlar dermatom haritaları ile gösterilir.
Bu haritalar, klinisyenlerin belirli bir ağrı veya cilt hastalığının nereden kaynaklandığını belirlemesine yardımcı olmak için tasarlanmıştır.

Hochman, Shawn. "Omurilik." Current Biology 17, no. 22 (20 Kasım 2007): R950–55. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.10.014" target="__blank">Kaynak</a>]

Ahuja, Christopher S., Satoshi Nori, Lindsay Tetreault, Jefferson Wilson, Brian Kwon, James Harrop, David Choi ve Michael G. Fehlings. "Travmatik Omurilik Yaralanması - Onarım ve Rejenerasyon." Nöroşirürji 80, hayır. 3S (1 Mart 2017): S9–22. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyw080" target="__blank">Kaynak</a>]

omurilik

Omurilik, vücudun merkezi sinir sisteminin ana sinir yolağıdır ve afferent duyusal bilgileri çevreden beyne ve efferent motor bilgilerini beyinden vücuda iletir. İnsan omuriliği, kafatasının tabanındaki delikten veya foramen magnum'dan birinci veya ikinci lomber vertebra seviyesine kadar uzanır.

<h4>Kesitsel Görünüm</h4>

Omurilik silindiriktir ve hem beyaz hem de gri madde içerir. Merkezde, ilkel nöral tüpün lümeninin kalıntısı olan ve beyin omurilik sıvısı boşluklarının iç sisteminin bir parçası olan merkezi kanal bulunur. Kesitte, merkezi kanalı çevreleyen gri madde kelebek şeklinde görünmektedir.

Kelebeğin kanatları dorsal ve ventral boynuzlara ayrılır. Dorsal boynuz, duyusal bilgiyi ileten duyusal çekirdekler içerir ve ventral boynuz, iskelet kasını innerve eden aksonların başladığı motor nöronları içerir.

Beyaz madde gri maddeyi çevreler ve çok sayıda miyelinli lif içerir. Beyaz madde, dorsal, lateral ve ventral sütunlar olarak adlandırılan uzunlamasına demetler halinde düzenlenmiştir. Üç zar omuriliği çevreler: pia omuriliğin yüzeyine yakından yapışır, ardından araknoid ve son olarak en sert zar olan dura mater gelir.

<h4>Organizasyon</h4>

Omurilik dört farklı bölgeye ayrılır ve segmenter olarak organize edilir. Spinal korddan çıkan 31 çift sinir vardır: sekiz servikal, 12 torasik, beş lomber, beş sakral ve bir koksikeal.

<h4>Dermatomlar</h4>

Omuriliğin her segmenti vücudun farklı bir bölgesini innerve eder ve deride bir dermatom olarak temsil edilir. Bir dermatom, tek bir dorsal kök gangliyonundan kaynaklanan periferik bir sinir tarafından sağlanan cilt bölgesidir. Klinik olarak, dermatom haritaları omurilik lezyonlarının seviyesini belirlemede ve periferik sinir kökü lezyonlarını lokalize etmede yararlıdır. Bununla birlikte, bitişik spinal segmentlerin dermatomlarının önemli bir varyasyona sahip olabileceği ve örtüşebileceği dikkate alınmalıdır. 31 çift spinal sinir olmasına rağmen, sadece 30 dermatom vardır, çünkü C1 genellikle spinal kök içermez ve bu nedenle ilk dermatom C2'ye karşılık gelir.

Omurilik

Omurilik, vücudun merkezi sinir sisteminin ana sinir yoludur ve afferent duyusal bilgileri çevreden çevreye iletir ...

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Biology

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TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

spinal cord structure and dermatomes

The spinal cord is the main nerve pathway of the central nervous system. It carries sensory signals from the body to the brain and motor signals from the brain to the body. It begins at the foramen magnum, the opening at the base of the skull, and extends to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.

In cross-section, the spinal cord is cylindrical and contains both gray matter and white matter. The central canal lies in the middle and is a remnant of the lumen of the primitive neural tube. It is part of the internal system of cerebrospinal fluid cavities. The gray matter around it has a butterfly shape. Its dorsal horns contain sensory nuclei that relay sensory input, and its ventral horns contain motor neurons that send axons to skeletal muscle.

White matter surrounds the gray matter and contains many myelinated fibers. It is organized into longitudinal bundles called the dorsal, lateral, and ventral columns. Three membranes protect the spinal cord. The pia mater lies directly on its surface, the arachnoid lies outside the pia, and the dura mater forms the tough outer sheath.

The spinal cord is divided into four regions and is organized in segments. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves: eight cervical, 12 thoracic, five lumbar, five sacral, and one coccygeal. Each segment connects to a specific part of the body.

These body maps are called dermatomes. A dermatome is an area of skin supplied by a peripheral nerve from a single dorsal root ganglion. Dermatome maps help locate spinal cord lesions and peripheral nerve root lesions. The pattern is not exact, because adjacent dermatomes can overlap and vary. Although there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, there are only 30 dermatomes, since C1 usually has no spinal root and the first dermatome is C2.

Spinal Cord Structure and Dermatomes

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the spinal cord

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key terms and concepts

Explore spinal cord structure, gray and white matter, spinal nerve regions, and dermatomes with a clear high school biology focus.

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Spinal Cord Structure and Dermatomes

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