Name: how sunlight shapes daily weather
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:42.000Z
Duration: 1 min 7 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

NC K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

ecosystems-interactions-energy-and-dynamics

Ecosystems- Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

LS.Bio.5.2

What is Weather?

- [Anlatıcı] Hava durumu, kısa süre içinde atmosferde oluşan şartlara denir ve Güneş, atmosfer, okyanus ve kara arasındaki ilişkilerden etkilenir.
 Güneş enerjisi atmosfere girer, kara ve yüzey suları tarafında absorbe edilir, bunlar daha sonra infrared termal ışımayla havayı ısıtır.
 Dünya'nın yüzeyine yakın daha az yoğun olan ılık hava yükselir, basıncı daha düşük olan üst atmosfere doğru dikey akımlar oluşturur.
Sonuç olarak hava serinler ve yoğunlaşır, bu da tekrar düşmesine neden olur.
 Bu sürece konveksiyon sirkülasyonu denir.
 Atmosferdeki bu bölgesel süreç, Dünya'nın Güneş'e doğru dinamik eğilmesiyle birleşerek her gün, hafta ve ay basınçta, atmosfer sıcaklığında ve yağışta değişiklikler yaratır.
 Yani bu faktörle değişir ve Dünya yüzeyinde nerede olduğunuza göre hava farklı olur.

Ettema, Dick, Margareta Friman, Lars E. Olsson ve Tommy Gärling. "Mevsim ve Hava Durumunun Seyahatle İlgili Ruh Hali ve Seyahat Memnuniyeti Üzerindeki Etkileri." Psikolojide Sınırlar 8 (6 Şubat 2017). [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00140" target="__blank">Kaynak</a>]

hava durumu nedir?

<h4>Genel bakış</h4>

Hava durumu, belirli bir zaman ve yerdeki atmosferik koşulların mevcut durumunu ifade eder. Hava durumu geçicidir ve güneş, atmosfer (Dünya çevresindeki gazlar), hidrosfer (Dünya'nın su kütleleri) ve jeosfer (Dünya'nın kara kısmı) arasındaki etkileşimlerden etkilenir. Tüm bu faktörler konuma ve zamana göre farklılık gösterdiğinden, gezegende farklı hava durumu gözlemlenebilir. 

<h4>Güneş Radyasyonu ve Sera Etkisi</h4>

Güneş radyasyonu, yüzey suyu ve kara kütleleri ile etkileşime girmek için atmosfere nüfuz eder. Bu yüzeyler enerjiyi havayı ısıtan termal radyasyon veya ısı olarak yayar. Isı ya atmosferden uzaya kaçar ya da belirli atmosferik gazlar tarafından atmosferde hapsolur ve gezegeni sürekli ısıtır. Atmosferdeki bu ısının tutulması sera etkisi olarak adlandırılır. Sera gazları olarak bilinen gazlar diğer gazlardan daha fazla ısı tutar.

Ilık hava, soğuk havadan daha az yoğun olduğundan ılık hava yükselir. Yükselen hava, daha düşük atmosferik basınca sahip olan üst atmosfere dikey akımlar oluşturur. Hava, termal radyasyon kaynağından uzaklaştıkça soğumaya başlar, yoğunlaşır ve tekrar düşer. Bu süreç, konveksiyon sirkülasyonu olarak bilinir. 

<h4>Günlük Hava Durumu</h4>

Hava durumu genellikle altı parametre ile ölçülür: sıcaklık, atmosferik basınç, rüzgar, nem, yağış ve bulutluluk. Meteorologlar bu koşulları ölçer ve geçmiş gözlemlerin eğilimlerine dayanarak yakın geleceğin hava durumunu tahmin ederler. Örneğin, atmosferik basınç, yukarıdaki atmosferin ağırlığını yansıtır. Yüksek basınç genellikle daha soğuk sıcaklıklar ve açık gökyüzü ile ilişkilendirilirken, düşük basınç daha sıcak hava ve fırtınalarla ilişkilidir. Atmosfer basıncında bir düşüş veya artış gözlemlemek, meteorologların şemsiye getirmeniz veya güneşli bir gün beklemeniz şeklinde kısa vadeli tahminler yapmasına olanak tanır.

<h4>Ekstrem Hava Olayları</h4>

Aşırı hava olayları arasında sıcak hava dalgaları, soğuk hava dalgaları, kasırgalar, hortumlar, kuraklıklar ve seller yer alır. Bu olaylar genellikle anidir ve bu nedenle tahmin edilmesi daha zordur. Aşırı hava olayları tipik olarak, belirli bir konum için geçmiş dağılımda gözlemlenen koşullarla ilişkili olarak tanımlanır. Bu tarihsel kayıtları kullanan araştırmalar, antropojenik iklim değişikliğinin günlük sıcaklık ve aşırı yağışların sıklığında ve yoğunluğunda bir artışa yol açtığını göstermiştir. Ek olarak, iklim modelleri, iklim değişikliğiyle Dünya'nın, kuzey enlemlerindeki kalıcı yaz hava aşırılıkları gibi daha aşırı hava koşullarına maruz kalacağını göstermektedir.

Hava durumu nedir?

Genel bakış

Hava durumu, belirli bir zaman ve yerdeki atmosferik koşulların mevcut durumunu ifade eder. Hava geçicidir ve hava koşullarından etkilenir ...

Education

JoVE Core

Biyoloji

Ecology

Ekoloji

Biodiversity and Conservation

Biyoçeşitlilik ve Koruma

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

how sunlight shapes daily weather

Weather is the current state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. It is temporary and changes from one location to another. Weather is shaped by the interaction of the sun, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.

Solar radiation reaches Earth and interacts with water and land. These surfaces release that energy as thermal radiation, or heat, which warms the air above them. Some of that heat escapes back into space, but some is trapped by atmospheric gases. This heat retention is called the greenhouse effect, and greenhouse gases hold more heat than other gases.

Warm air is less dense than cold air, so it rises. As it rises into areas of lower atmospheric pressure, it cools, becomes denser, and falls again. This movement creates convection circulation, which helps move heat through the atmosphere.

Daily weather is measured using six main factors: temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloudiness. Meteorologists track these conditions and use past observations to predict short-term weather changes. Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the air above us. High pressure is often linked to cooler temperatures and clear skies, while low pressure is often linked to warmer weather and storms. A rise or drop in pressure can help weather forecasters decide whether to expect sunshine or bring an umbrella.

Extreme weather events include heat waves, cold waves, hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts, and floods. These events can happen suddenly, so they are harder to predict than day-to-day weather. Scientists describe them using historical records for a specific place. Research shows that human-caused climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of some daily temperature and precipitation extremes. Climate models also suggest more extreme weather in the future, including persistent summer extremes in northern latitudes.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather

what is weather?

Weather is the current state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. It is temporary and changes from one location to another. Weather is shaped by the interaction of the sun, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. Solar radiation reaches Earth and interacts with water and land. These surfaces release that energy as thermal radiation, or heat, which warms the air above them. Some of that heat escapes back into space, but some is trapped by atmospheric gases. This heat retention is...

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what is biodiversity?

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biodiversity and human values

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what is conservation biology?

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what is climate?

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Climate describes the usual weather conditions in a place over a long period of time. The idea is simple: climate is what you expect, while weather is what you get. Climate is shaped by geographic factors such as latitude, terrain, and how close an area is to bodies of water. Weather and climate are related, but they work on different time scales. Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. Climate is the average pattern of weather over much longer periods. Because of...

sustainable development

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conservation of small populations

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key terms and concepts

Learn how solar radiation, the greenhouse effect, convection, and air pressure shape daily weather, plus why extreme weather is harder to predict.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather | JoVE K12

JoVE Core series brings biology to life through over 300 concise and easy-to-understand animated video lessons that explain key concepts in biology, plus more than 150 scientist-in-action videos that show actual research experiments conducted in today’s laboratories.

biology

JoVE Core serisi, biyolojinin ana konseptlerini açıklayan 300 adet kısa ve kolay anlaşılabilir olan video dersleriyle ve günümüz laboratuvarlarında yürütülen gerçek araştırmaları gösteren 150'den fazla \"bilim insanları iş başında\" videolarıyla biyolojiye hayat vermektedir.

How Sunlight Shapes Daily Weather

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