Name: hall voltage and charge carriers
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K12 Standards

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North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Physical Science

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Motion and Stability- Forces and Interactions

PS.PSc.6.4

The Hall Effect

Yük taşıyıcı olarak elektronlara sahip dikdörtgen bir akım taşıyan iletken düşünün. İletken düzlemine dik olarak bir manyetik alan uygulandığında, düz bir çizgide hareket eden elektronlar, saptırıcı manyetik kuvvet nedeniyle sürüklenir.
Elektronlar iletkenin bir tarafında birikir ve diğer tarafta fazla pozitif yük bırakır. Bu yük ayrımı, iletken içinde, manyetik kuvvete karşı çıkan her elektrona bir elektrik kuvveti uygulayan bir elektrik alanı oluşturur.
Dengede, elektrik kuvvetinin büyüklüğü manyetik kuvveti dengeleyerek elektronların daha fazla sürüklenmesini durdurur. İletkenin iki tarafı arasındaki potansiyel fark, salon voltajıdır.
Sürüklenme hızını akım cinsinden ifade ederek, Hall voltajı, yük taşıyıcılarının sayı yoğunluğunu ölçmek için de kullanılabilir.
Hall probları, Hall voltajından ve iletkenin bilinen parametrelerinden bilinmeyen bir manyetik alanın büyüklüğünü ölçer.
Bu keşfin önemli bir uygulaması, Hall voltajının polaritesinin, iletkendeki yük taşıyıcılarının negatif mi yoksa pozitif mi olduğunu göstermesidir.

<ol>
	<li>Stax'ı açın. (2019). Üniversite Fiziği Cilt 2. [Web sürümü]. 514-516 <a href="https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/11-6-the-hall-effect" adresinden alındı>https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/11-6-the-hall-effect</a></li>
</ol>

hall etkisi

Edwin H. Hall, 1879 yılında, bir iletken malzemenin baskın yük taşıyıcılarının polaritesini belirlemek için kullanılabilecek bir deney geliştirdi. Tarihsel bir perspektiften bakıldığında, bu deney çoğu metaldeki yük taşıyıcıların negatif olduğunu gösteren ilk deneydi.

<img alt="Figure1" src="/files/ftp_upload/13772/13772_Figure_1.png" style="text-align: center" />

Sabit bir manyetik alan içinde genişliği L olan bir metal levhayı düşünelim. Elektronlar sağdan sola hareket ederken, deneyalaskeleri üst kenara iten manyetik kuvvet etki eder. Bu, levhanın üst kenarında fazla negatif yük ve alt kenarında fazla pozitif yük bırakır ve böylece alttan üste doğru yönlendirilen bir elektrik alan oluşur. Her iki kenardaki yük yoğunluğu, dengelenme durumu sağlanana kadar artar. Dengede, bir yöndeki elektrik kuvveti, karşı yöndeki manyetik kuvvet tarafından dengelemesi gerçekleşir. Elektrik ve manyetik alanların birbirine dik olduğu bu senaryoya çarpık alan durumu denir.

Levhadaki akım I, drift hızı v_d ve levhanın kesit alanı A olarak ifade edilebilir. Ayrıca, şeridin kenarları arasındaki potansiyel farkı, yani Hall gerilimi, şu şekilde verilir:

<img alt="Equation1" src="/files/ftp_upload/13772/13772_Equation_1.png" style="text-align: center; height: 40px;" />

Hall geriliminin polaritesi, yük taşıyıcıların pozitif veya negatif olup olmadığını gösterir. Bu etkinin başka bir önemli uygulaması da, bilinen bir yük taşıyıcı yoğunluğuna sahip malzemeler için kullanılır. Ölçülen Hall gerilimi, bilinmeyen bir manyetik alanın değerini verebilir. Kesin ölçümler için kullanılan elektromıknatısların alanlarının düzensizleşmesine karşı laboratuvarlarda "Hall probu" elektronik devrenin bir parçası olarak yaygın olarak kullanılır.

Hall Etkisi

Edwin H. Hall, 1879 yılında, iletken bir iletkende baskın yük taşıyıcılarının polaritesini belirlemek için kullanılabilecek bir deney tasarladı ...

Education

JoVE Core

Physics

Fizik

Unit 1

Ünite 1

Magnetic Forces and Fields

Manyetik Kuvvetler ve Alanlar

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

hall voltage and charge carriers

Hall voltage and charge carriers are explained through Edwin H. Hall’s 1879 experiment. His setup helped identify the polarity of the main charge carriers in a conducting material. It also showed, for the first time, that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.

A metal slab is placed in a constant magnetic field. The electrons move from right to left, so the magnetic force pushes them toward the top edge of the slab. This leaves excess negative charge at the top and excess positive charge at the bottom. As a result, an electric field forms from the bottom edge to the top edge.

The charge buildup continues until equilibrium is reached. At that point, the electric force on the electrons balances the magnetic force in the opposite direction. This is called a crossed-field situation because the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other. The current in the slab, I, can be written in terms of the drift velocity, v d, and the cross-sectional area, A.

The potential difference between the two edges is called the Hall voltage. Its polarity reveals whether the charge carriers are positive or negative. When the density of charge carriers is known, the Hall voltage can also be used to find an unknown magnetic field. In research labs, a Hall probe is often used in electronic circuits to help regulate electromagnet fields so they stay steady for precise measurements.

Hall Voltage and Charge Carriers

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the hall effect

Hall voltage and charge carriers are explained through Edwin H. Hall’s 1879 experiment. His setup helped identify the polarity of the main charge carriers in a conducting material. It also showed, for the first time, that the charge carriers in most metals are negative. A metal slab is placed in a constant magnetic field. The electrons move from right to left, so the magnetic force pushes them toward the top edge of the slab. This leaves excess negative charge at the top and excess positive...

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key terms and concepts

Learn how Hall voltage forms in a magnetic field, how it reveals charge carrier polarity, and how Hall probes help measure and control magnetic fields.

Hall Voltage and Charge Carriers | JoVE K12

physics

JoVE Temel Fizik, kinematik, dinamik, akışkanlar mekaniği, statik, dalgalar ve akustik dahil olmak üzere temel fizik konularının teorisini ve uygulamasını kısa ve anlaşılması kolay animasyonlu videolarla tanıtıyor. Ek olarak, sektör içindeki bilim insanı videoları, dünya çapındaki günümüz laboratuvarlarında gerçekleştirilen klasik ve orijinal araştırma deneylerinde ilgili kavramların uygulanmasını göstermektedir.

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

PS.9

PS.9.d

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Hall Voltage and Charge Carriers

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