Name: gas mixtures and their partial pressures
Uploaded: 2023-09-18T17:11:17.000Z
Duration: 1 min 11 s
Channel: JoVE

Bir kabın içindeki bir gazı düşünün. Gazın uyguladığı basınç, molekülleri ile çevresindeki yüzey arasındaki moleküler çarpışmalar nedeniyle uygulanan kuvvetlerin toplamıdır.
Çok moleküllü bir gaz, aynı kapta daha az sayıda molekül bulunan bir gazdan daha yüksek bir basınç uygular. Bu nedenle, tek tek bileşenden gelen basınca kısmi basınç denir.
Termal dengede bir kapta ideal gazların bir karışımını düşünün. Kabın içindeki toplam basınç, bileşenlerinin kısmi basınçlarının toplamına eşittir. Bu gözlem, Dalton'un kısmi basınç yasası olarak bilinir.
İdeal gaz denklemini hatırlayarak ve tek tek gazların kısmi basınçlarını ikame ederek, toplam basınç belirlenebilir.
Aynı maddenin sıvı fazı ile dengede olan bir buharın kısmi basıncına buhar basıncı denir.
Su buharının kısmi basıncının bir sıcaklıktaki suyun buhar basıncına oranı bağıl nem olarak bilinir.

<ol>
	<li>Stax'ı açın. (2019). Üniversite Fiziği Cilt 2. [Web versiyonu], Sayfa 37 - 38. <a href="https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/2-2-pressure-temperature-and-rms-speed" adresinden alındı>https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/2-2-pressure-temperature-and-rms-speed</a></li>
</ol>

kısmi basınç dalton yasası

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure

Bir gazın kısmi basıncı, gazın moleküllerinin termodinamik aktivitesinin bir ölçüsüdür. Eğer bir gaz toplam mevcut hacmi işgal etseydi yaratacağı basınca gazın kısmi basıncı denir. İki veya daha fazla gaz bir kap içinde karıştırıldığında moleküller rastgele hareket eder ve birbirleriyle çarpışır, bu da termal dengeye ulaşmalarına neden olur. Gazların aynı sıcaklıkta olduğunda moleküllerinin ortalamadaki kinetik enerjileri aynıdır. Bu nedenle, her gaz ayrı ayrı ideal gaz yasası uyar ve bir kapın duvarlarına ayrı ayrı aynı basıncı uygular. Bu nedenle, bir gaz karışımında, kap içindeki toplam basınç, bileşen gazların kısmi basınçlarının toplamıdır, ideal gaz davranışını varsaydığımızda ve bileşenler arasında kimyasal reaksiyon olmadığından. Bu yasa, Dalton'un kısmi basınçlar yasasıolarak bilinir. Bu teori, İngiliz bilim insanı John Dalton (1766-1844) tarafından kurulmuştur. Dalton'un yasası, basınçların Pascal prensibine göre toplandığı gerçeği ile uyumludur. Termal denge içindeki ideal gazların karışımında her gazın molekül sayısı kısmi basıncıyla orantılıdır.

Kısmi basıncın başka önemli bir uygulaması da buhar basıncıdır, bu da aynı maddenin sıvı fazıyla denge halinde olduğu kısmi basınçtır. Herhangi bir sıcaklıkta, havadaki suyun kısmi basıncı buhar basıncını aşamaz, çünkü kısmi basınç buhar basıncına ulaştığında su hava dışına yoğuşur. Çiy bu yoğuşmanın bir örneğidir. Bir hava örneği için yoğuşma'nın gerçekleştiği sıcaklığa çiy noktası denir. Metal bir topu yavaşça soğutarak kolayca ölçülebilir; çiy noktası, topta ilk olarak yoğuşmanın görüldüğü sıcaklıktır.

Kısmi Basınç Dalton yasası

Bir gazın kısmi basıncı, gaz moleküllerinin termodinamik aktivitesinin bir ölçüsüdür. Bir gazın işgal etmesi durumunda yaratacağı basınç ...

Education

JoVE Core

Physics

Fizik

Unit 1

Ünite 1

The Kinetic Theory of Gases

Gazların Kinetik Teorisi

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

gas mixtures and their partial pressures

Gas mixtures have a total pressure that comes from the partial pressures of each gas. A partial pressure is the pressure one gas would make if it filled the whole container by itself. This idea helps explain how gases behave when they are mixed together.

When two or more gases share a container, their molecules move randomly and collide with one another. If the gases are at the same temperature, they reach thermal equilibrium. Their molecules then have the same average kinetic energy. In that case, each gas follows the ideal gas law separately and pushes on the walls of the container on its own.

The total pressure in the container is the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases. This result is called Dalton's law of partial pressures. It applies when the gases behave like ideal gases and do not react chemically with one another. The law was developed by the English scientist John Dalton, who lived from 1766 to 1844. It also agrees with Pascal's principle, which says that pressures add up.

Partial pressure also helps describe vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is the partial pressure of a vapor when it is in equilibrium with the liquid form of the same substance. In air, the partial pressure of water cannot rise above the vapor pressure of water at that temperature. If it reaches that value, water condenses out of the air. Dew is one common example of this process.

The temperature where condensation begins in a sample of air is called the dew point. One simple way to measure it is to cool a metal ball slowly. The dew point is the temperature at which condensation first appears on the ball.

Gas Mixtures and Their Partial Pressures

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Gas mixtures have a total pressure that comes from the partial pressures of each gas. A partial pressure is the pressure one gas would make if it filled the whole container by itself. This idea helps explain how gases behave when they are mixed together. When two or more gases share a container, their molecules move randomly and collide with one another. If the gases are at the same temperature, they reach thermal equilibrium. Their molecules then have the same average kinetic energy. In that...

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key terms and concepts

Learn how gas mixtures share pressure through partial pressures, how Dalton's law works, and how vapor pressure and dew point explain condensation in air.

Gas Mixtures and Their Partial Pressures | JoVE K12

physics

JoVE Temel Fizik, kinematik, dinamik, akışkanlar mekaniği, statik, dalgalar ve akustik dahil olmak üzere temel fizik konularının teorisini ve uygulamasını kısa ve anlaşılması kolay animasyonlu videolarla tanıtıyor. Ek olarak, sektör içindeki bilim insanı videoları, dünya çapındaki günümüz laboratuvarlarında gerçekleştirilen klasik ve orijinal araştırma deneylerinde ilgili kavramların uygulanmasını göstermektedir.

Gas Mixtures and Their Partial Pressures

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