Name: how depth changes fluid pressure
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T11:49:33.000Z
Duration: 1 min 14 s
Channel: JoVE

Basınç, birim alan başına düşen kuvvetin büyüklüğü olarak tanımlanır. Sıkıştırılamaz bir akışkan göz önüne alındığında, kuvvet özgül ağırlık veya sıvı yoğunluğu cinsinden ifade edilebilir.
Suda dört nokta düşünün. Basınç, yüzeyden aynı derinlikteki tüm noktalar için aynıdır, ancak sığ derinliklerde daha azdır. Basınç, yüzeyden derinlik ile doğrusal olarak artar.
Pascal yasasına göre, sıkıştırılamaz bir statik sıvının herhangi bir noktasındaki basınç yoğunluğu her yönde aynıdır.
Birim genişliğinde kama şeklinde sonsuz küçük bir sıvı elemanı varsayalım. Her iki taraftaki kuvvet, basınç ve alanın ürünü olarak ifade edilir.
Sıvı hareketsiz olduğu için kuvvetlerin yatay ve dikey bileşenlerinin toplamı sıfır olmalıdır.
Yatay bileşenler alınarak ve trigonometrik ilişkiler kullanılarak, denklemler px'in p'ye eşit olmasını elde etmek için basitleştirilir.
Benzer şekilde, dikey bileşenler göz önüne alındığında, denklemler p y'yi ps'ye eşit hale getirmek için basitleştirilir. 
Yani, herhangi bir noktadaki basınç her yönde aynıdır.

<ol>
	<li>Hibbeler, R.C. (2016). Mühendislik Mekaniği: Statik. On Dördüncü Baskı, New Jersey: Pearson. Sayfa 512.</li>
</ol>

sıvı basıncı

Mekanik mühendislikte, sıvı akışını kullanan sistemlerin tasarımında sıvı basıncı kritik bir rol oynar, örneğin hidrolik sistemler, pompalar ve valfler. Bu sistemleri tasarlarken, mühendisler sıvı basıncından kaynaklanan kuvvetlere dayanabileceklerinden emin olmalıdır, aksi takdirde hasar veya arıza meydana gelebilir.

Pascal kanununa göre, sakin bir sıvı tüm yönlere eşit basınç oluşturur. Bu basınç, birim alana göre ölçülen bir kuvvet olarak ifade edilir ve büyüklüğü sıvının öz ağırlığına veya kütle yoğunluğuna ve ölçüm noktasının sıvı yüzeyinden olan derinliğine bağlıdır. Bu ilişkiyi matematiksel olarak p = ρgz şeklinde ifade edebiliriz, burada ρ sıvı yoğunluğu, g yer çekimi ivmesi ve z derinlik olarak belirtilir.

Yukarıda bahsedildiği gibi, yukarıdaki denklem çoğu sıvı gibi sıkıştırılamayan sıvılar için geçerlidir, ancak sıcaklık ve basınçla birlikte yoğunluğu önemli ölçüde değişen gazlar için geçerli değildir. Bu denklemin sıvılara nasıl uygulandığını anlamak için, suyun içinde bulunan üç noktayı düşünün. Yüzeyden aynı derinlikte olan noktalar için basınç aynıdır. Ancak, sığ derinliklerde basınç daha düşüktür. Yüzeyden uzaklaştıkça basınç derinlikle lineer olarak artar.

Sıvı Basıncı

Makine mühendisliğinde, akışkan basıncı, hidrolik sistemler, pompalar ve ...

Education

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

Makine Mühendisliği

Unit 1

Ünite 1

Center of Gravity and Centroid

Ağırlık Merkezi ve Geometrik Merkez

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

Fluid Pressure

how depth changes fluid pressure

Fluid pressure changes with depth in liquids used in engineering systems. It matters in hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves, where the forces from moving and resting fluid must be considered to prevent damage or failure.

For a fluid at rest, Pascal’s law says the pressure is equal in all directions. Pressure is force per unit area. Its size depends on the fluid’s specific weight, or mass density, and on how deep the measurement point is below the fluid surface.

This relationship can be written as p = ρgz. In this equation, ρ is fluid density, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and z is depth. The equation applies to incompressible fluids, such as most liquids, but not to gases, because gas density can change greatly with temperature and pressure.

The pattern is easy to see in water. If three points are at the same depth, their pressure is the same. A point closer to the surface has lower pressure. As depth increases, pressure rises in a linear way.

How Depth Changes Fluid Pressure

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fluid pressure

Fluid pressure changes with depth in liquids used in engineering systems. It matters in hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves, where the forces from moving and resting fluid must be considered to prevent damage or failure. For a fluid at rest, Pascal’s law says the pressure is equal in all directions. Pressure is force per unit area. Its size depends on the fluid’s specific weight, or mass density, and on how deep the measurement point is below the fluid surface. This relationship can be...

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key terms and concepts

Explore how fluid pressure changes with depth, why Pascal’s law matters, and how the equation p = ρgz describes pressure in liquids like water.

How Depth Changes Fluid Pressure | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Makine Mühendisliği, denge, kuvvetler, kafes kiriş analizi ve yapısal mekanik gibi temel konuları kapsayan kısa, anlaşılması kolay animasyonlu videolar sunar. Gerçek dünyadaki uygulamalarını keşfedin ve bilim insanlarının önderlik ettiği deneylerle bu kavramların uygulanmasına tanık olun.

mechanical engineering

How Depth Changes Fluid Pressure

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