Name: circuit parts: branches, nodes, and loops
Uploaded: 2024-04-11T12:48:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 14 s
Channel: JoVE

Bir elektrik şebekesi, mutlaka kapalı bir yol oluşturmayan, birbirine bağlı elemanlardan oluşan bir sistemdir.
Buna karşılık, aynı zamanda birbirine bağlı bir sistem olan bir devre, kapalı yollar içermelidir.
Tüm devreler ağ olsa da, tüm ağlar devre değildir.
Öğelerin düzenlenmesine bağlı olarak, bir devre dalları, düğümleri, döngüleri ve ağları içerir.
Bir dal, bir direnç veya bir voltaj kaynağı gibi iki terminalli bir elemandır. Bir voltaj kaynağına, bir akım kaynağına ve iki dirence sahip bir devre dört daldan oluşur.
Bir düğüm iki veya daha fazla dalı birbirine bağlar ve bir nokta ile temsil edilir. Bir kısa devre iki veya daha fazla düğümü birbirine bağlarsa, bunlar tek bir düğüm oluşturur.
Döngü, herhangi bir düğümü iki kez geçmeden birden çok düğümden geçen kapalı bir yoldur. Döngünün diğer döngülerle paylaşılmayan en az bir dalı varsa, bağımsızdır.
Ağ, içinde başka döngü içermeyen bir döngü türüdür.
b dalları, n düğüm ve l bağımsız döngüler içeren bir ağ, ağ topolojisinin temel teoremini karşılar.

devre terminolojisi

Circuit Terminology

Elektrik ağı, dirençler, kapasitörler, indüktörler ve voltaj veya akım kaynakları gibi birbirine bağlı elemanlardan oluşan bir sistemdir. Bir devrenin aksine, bir elektrik ağının mutlaka kapalı bir yol oluşturması gerekmez. Başka bir deyişle, birbirine bağlı doğaları nedeniyle tüm devreler ağ olarak değerlendirilebilirken, her ağ bir devre olarak nitelendirilemez.

Öte yandan bir devre de elektrik elemanlarının birbirine bağlı bir sistemidir ancak bir veya daha fazla kapalı yol içermesi gerekir. Bu kapalı yollar veya döngüler akımın sürekli olarak akmasına izin vererek devrenin çalışmasını mümkün kılar.

Bir devrenin yapısı birkaç temel bileşene daha da bölünebilir: dallar, düğümler, döngüler ve çevreler. Bu bileşenleri anlamak devreleri analiz etmek ve tasarlamak için çok önemlidir.

Bir dal, iki terminalle bağlanan bir direnç, bir voltaj kaynağı veya bir akım kaynağı gibi devrenin tek bir elemanını temsil eder. Örneğin, bir voltaj kaynağı, bir akım kaynağı ve iki direnç içeren bir devre dört daldan oluşacaktır.

Düğümler devrede iki veya daha fazla dalın kesiştiği noktalardır. Genellikle devre şemalarında bir nokta ile temsil edilirler. Kısa devre birden fazla düğümü birbirine bağlarsa bunlar etkili bir şekilde tek bir düğüm haline gelir.

Bir devredeki döngü, herhangi bir düğümü iki kez geçmeden birden fazla düğümden geçen kapalı bir yoldur. Döngüler bağımsız veya bağımlı olabilir. Bağımsız bir döngünün, başka hiçbir döngüyle paylaşılmayan en az bir dalı vardır.

Öte yandan çevre, özel bir döngü türüdür. İçinde başka döngüler bulunmayan kapalı bir yoldur. Çevreler, mevcut değerleri sistematik olarak çözen çevre analizi gibi belirli devre analiz türlerinin temelini oluşturur.

Son olarak, tüm bu öğeler, 'b' dalları, 'n' düğümleri ve 'l' bağımsız döngülerini içeren bir ağ için bu miktarların belirli bir formülle ilişkili olduğunu belirten ağ topolojisinin temel teoremi ile birbirine bağlanır.

<img alt="Equation1" src="/files/ftp_upload/15067/15067_PT_Equation_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 14px;" />

Bu ilişkinin anlaşılması, elektrik ağlarının ve devrelerinin analizi ve tasarımı için çok önemlidir.

Devre Terminolojisi

Bir elektrik şebekesi, mutlaka kapalı bir yol oluşturmayan, birbirine bağlı elemanlardan oluşan bir sistemdir.
Buna karşılık, bir devre, aynı zamanda birbirine bağlı bir ...

Education

JoVE Core

Electrical Engineering

Elektrik Mühendisliği

Unit 1

Ünite 1

Basics of Electric Circuits

Elektrik Devrelerinin Temelleri

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

circuit parts: branches, nodes, and loops

Circuit parts like branches, nodes, loops, and meshes help describe how electrical networks work. An electrical network is a system of connected elements, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and voltage or current sources. Unlike a circuit, a network does not have to form a closed path.

A circuit is also made of connected electrical elements, but it must include one or more closed paths. These loops let current flow continuously, which is what makes the circuit operate. Because of this, every circuit is a network, but not every network is a circuit.

A branch is one element of a circuit with two terminals. A resistor, a voltage source, or a current source can each count as a branch. For example, a circuit with one voltage source, one current source, and two resistors has four branches.

Nodes are the points where two or more branches meet. They are usually shown as dots in circuit diagrams. If a short circuit connects several nodes, they act as one node.

A loop is a closed path that passes through several nodes without visiting any node twice. Some loops are independent, which means they have at least one branch not shared with another loop. A mesh is a special loop that contains no other loops inside it.

Meshes are important in mesh analysis, a method used to solve for current values in a circuit. These ideas also connect to the fundamental theorem of network topology. For a network with b branches, n nodes, and l independent loops, these values follow a specific relationship that is important for circuit analysis and design.

Circuit Parts: Branches, Nodes, and Loops

charge and current

Electric Charge in Circuits

Electric charge in circuits explains how charged particles behave in matter and how current is produced. Everyday static effects, like a wool sweater sticking to the body or a shock from a carpet, show charge in action. Charge is an inherent property of atomic particles and is measured in coulombs (C). Matter is made of atoms with electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons carry a negative charge (-e), and protons carry a positive charge (+e). These two charges have the same magnitude. An...

voltage

Voltage in Electric Circuits

Voltage in electric circuits is the energy needed to move electric charge between two points. It is also called electromotive force, or EMF. In most circuits, an external force such as a battery provides this energy for electron movement in a conductor. The voltage between points a and b is written as v_ab. It is defined as the work, or energy, needed to move a unit charge from point a to point b. In the equation, w is the energy in joules and q is the charge in coulombs. Voltage is measured...

power and energy

Circuit Power, Absorption, and Supply

Circuit power, absorption, and supply explain how much energy an element uses or delivers in an electric circuit. These ideas matter in electrical engineering because power and energy calculations help describe circuit behavior. A 100-watt light bulb, for example, emits more light than a 60-watt bulb, so wattage is a useful measure in real devices. Power is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy. It is measured in watts, written as W. The relation between power and energy uses the...

electric circuit elements

Circuit Elements: Passive, Active, and Linear

Circuit elements are the building blocks of an electric circuit. An electric circuit is the connection of these elements. In this context, circuit elements are often grouped by how they behave and whether they supply energy. One major group is passive elements. These elements do not generate energy. Common passive elements include resistors, capacitors, and inductors. The other group is active elements, which can generate energy. Generators, batteries, and operational amplifiers are typical...

circuit terminology

Circuit parts like branches, nodes, loops, and meshes help describe how electrical networks work. An electrical network is a system of connected elements, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and voltage or current sources. Unlike a circuit, a network does not have to form a closed path. A circuit is also made of connected electrical elements, but it must include one or more closed paths. These loops let current flow continuously, which is what makes the circuit operate. Because of this,...

independent and dependent sources

Circuit Source Symbols and Controls

Circuit sources in electrical circuits can be independent or dependent. They provide the power a circuit needs to operate. Independent voltage sources supply a fixed voltage, and independent current sources supply a fixed current. Their output does not change because of other parts in the circuit. These sources use standard symbols in circuit diagrams. An independent voltage source is shown with + and - signs to mark the potential difference. An independent current source is shown with an...

ohm's law

Resistance and Conductance in Circuits

Resistance and conductance help explain how electric current moves through a circuit. Resistors are basic circuit parts made from metallic alloys or carbon compounds. They are used to model how a material resists current and to control and regulate electrical power in a circuit. Ohm's law describes the link between voltage and current across a resistor. The voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current through it. The constant that sets this relationship is resistance.

kirchhoff's current law

Kirchhoff's Current Law at Circuit Nodes

Kirchhoff's Current Law explains how current behaves at a circuit node. A node is the point where two or more circuit elements meet. The law says the current entering a node equals the current leaving it. That balance follows the rule of charge conservation, which means electric charge is not lost at the junction. When applying KCL, currents entering the node are treated as positive and currents leaving the node are treated as negative. The currents can be added algebraically at the node, and...

kirchhoff's voltage law

Voltage Balance in Closed Circuit Loops

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law explains how voltage is balanced in a closed circuit loop. It is a basic rule in electrical engineering and comes from the idea of energy conservation. Energy can change form, but it cannot be created or destroyed. KVL states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path, or loop, is zero. In other words, the total voltage supplied in a loop equals the total voltage drop across the components in that loop. A loop can be traced clockwise or anticlockwise,...

voltage dividers

Series Resistors and Voltage Split

Series resistors split voltage across a circuit. In a series setup, resistors are linked one after another. The same current flows through each resistor in the chain. To analyze this behavior, Ohm's law is used to relate voltage, current, and resistance. Kirchhoff's voltage law says the voltages around a series loop add up to the source voltage. That means the current in the circuit equals the source voltage divided by the total resistance in series. The current value can then be used in Ohm's...

current dividers

Parallel Resistors and Current Division

Parallel resistors share the same two nodes, so each resistor has the same voltage across it. In this circuit setup, Kirchhoff's current law applies. The source current equals the sum of the currents through each branch. Ohm's law helps find the branch currents from the source voltage and the resistor values. The source current is equal to the source voltage times the sum of the reciprocals of the resistances. This makes it easier to calculate how current divides in the circuit. The current...

equivalent resistance

Delta-Wye Network Conversion

Delta-wye network conversion helps analyze resistor circuits that are not arranged in simple series or parallel paths. These three-terminal equivalent networks use the wye (Y), also called tee (T), and the delta (Δ), also called pi (π), as practical circuit models. These networks are useful in many circuit settings. They appear in three-phase electrical systems, electrical filters, and matching networks. They can also be used on their own or combined with more complex circuits. A delta...

design example: resistive touchscreen

Resistive Touchscreen Voltage Mapping

A resistive touchscreen uses voltage mapping to locate a finger touch on a mobile device. It is built from two metallic layers. The top layer is flexible, and the bottom layer is rigid. A narrow gap separates them, and the high resistance between the layers is an important part of the design. When a user touches the screen, the two layers meet at one point. That contact point is called the touchpoint. The touch lowers the resistance between the layers at that spot and changes the electrical...

key terms and concepts

Learn the key parts of circuits and networks, including branches, nodes, loops, and meshes, plus how these terms support circuit analysis.

Circuit Parts: Branches, Nodes, and Loops | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Elektrik Mühendisliği, devre analizi teknikleriyle birlikte elektrik devrelerinin temel kavramlarını kapsayan, anlaşılması kolay animasyonlu videolar sunar. Operasyonel amplifikatörler ve devre dönüşümü kavramlarını kullanarak birinci dereceden ve ikinci dereceden devreleri içerir. Pratik tasarım örneklerinin ve gerçek dünya uygulamalarının bilim insanlarınca hazırlanan videolar aracılığıyla dahil edilmesi, karmaşık kavramları erişilebilir hale getirerek önemli bir eğitim değeri katmaktadır.

electrical engineering

Circuit Parts: Branches, Nodes, and Loops

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