Name: voltage balance in closed circuit loops
Uploaded: 2024-04-11T12:48:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 4 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Arizona Science Standards

High School

Physical Science

HS+Phy.P4

HS+Phy.P4U1.8

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

Kirchhoff'un voltaj yasası veya KVL, enerji tasarrufu ilkesine dayanmaktadır.
Bir devre içindeki kapalı bir yol veya döngü etrafındaki tüm voltajların cebirsel toplamının sıfır olduğunu belirtir.
Devrenin etrafındaki döngünün yönü saat yönünde veya saat yönünün tersine olabilir ve herhangi bir yerden başlayabilir.
Döngü yönü seçildikten sonra, pozitif voltajların önce negatif terminalleriyle karşılaşılır ve negatif voltajların önce pozitif terminalleriyle karşılaşılır.
Her döngüye KVL uygulamak ve terimleri yeniden düzenlemek, voltaj düşüşünün toplamının sağlanan voltajların toplamına eşit olduğunu belirten alternatif biçimini verir.
Örneğin, seri olarak bağlanmış üç LED ışığın birbirine gerildiği Noel ağacı ışıklarını düşünün.
Her ışığın yanması için üç volt gerekiyorsa, pilin bu ışıklara güç sağlaması için gereken voltaj KVL uygulanarak belirlenir.
Akü voltajı, üç ışıktaki voltaj düşüşünün toplamına eşittir.

kirchhoff gerilim yasası

Kirchhoff Gerilim Yasası (KVL), elektrik mühendisliğinde fizikçi Gustav Robert Kirchhoff tarafından ortaya atılan bir başka temel prensiptir. Bu yasa, enerjinin yaratılamayacağını veya yok edilemeyeceğini, yalnızca bir formdan diğerine aktarılabileceğini veya dönüştürülebileceğini belirten enerjinin korunumu ilkesine dayanmaktadır.

KVL, bir devre içindeki kapalı bir yol veya döngü etrafındaki tüm gerilimlerin cebirsel toplamının sıfır olduğunu belirtir. Bu, bir döngüde sağlanan toplam gerilimin, o döngüdeki bileşenler arasındaki toplam gerilim düşüşüne eşit olduğu anlamına gelir.

Devre etrafındaki döngünün yönü saat yönünde veya saat yönünün tersine olabilir ve herhangi bir noktadan başlayabilir. Döngü yönü seçildiğinde, pozitif gerilimler, negatif terminalin ilk karşılaşıldığı yerlerdir ve negatif gerilimler, pozitif terminalin ilk karşılaşıldığı yerdir.

KVL'yi saat yönünde uygulayarak ve terimleri yeniden düzenleyerek yasanın alternatif bir biçimi ortaya çıkar: Bir döngüdeki bileşenler arasındaki gerilim düşüşlerinin toplamı, sağlanan gerilimlerin toplamına eşittir.

Örneğin, seri bağlı üç LED ışığın birbirine dizildiği bir ev aydınlatma sistemini düşünün. Her ışığın açılması için üç volt gerekir. KVL uygulayarak pilin bu ışıklara güç vermesi için gereken gerilimi belirleyebiliriz. Akü gerilimi, üç ışıktaki gerilim düşüşünün toplamına eşittir; bu da dokuz volttur.

Bununla birlikte, KVL'nin geçerli olması için çok önemli bir koşulun karşılanması gerekir: bir devre, eşit olmadıkları sürece paralel olarak iki farklı gerilimi içeremez. Bunun nedeni, paralel bağlantıda tüm bileşenlere aynı gerilimin uygulanması ve herhangi bir tutarsızlığın enerjinin korunumu yasasını ihlal etmesidir.

Kirchhoff Gerilim Yasası

Kirchhoff'un voltaj yasası veya KVL, enerji tasarrufu ilkesine dayanmaktadır.
Kapalı bir etrafındaki tüm voltajların cebirsel toplamının ...

Education

JoVE Core

Electrical Engineering

Elektrik Mühendisliği

Unit 1

Ünite 1

Basics of Electric Circuits

Elektrik Devrelerinin Temelleri

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

voltage balance in closed circuit loops

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law explains how voltage is balanced in a closed circuit loop. It is a basic rule in electrical engineering and comes from the idea of energy conservation. Energy can change form, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

KVL states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path, or loop, is zero. In other words, the total voltage supplied in a loop equals the total voltage drop across the components in that loop. A loop can be traced clockwise or anticlockwise, and it can begin at any point.

The direction of the loop matters when you assign signs to voltages. If you meet the negative terminal first, the voltage is positive. If you meet the positive terminal first, the voltage is negative. When KVL is written in the clockwise direction and the terms are rearranged, the law can also be stated as the sum of voltage drops in a loop equals the sum of supplied voltages.

A simple household lighting example shows how KVL works. Three LED lights connected in series, with each light needing three volts, require a nine-volt battery to power them. The battery voltage matches the sum of the voltage drops across the three lights.

KVL also depends on an important circuit condition. A circuit cannot contain two different voltages in parallel unless those voltages are equal. In parallel connections, the same voltage appears across each component. If the voltages were different, the circuit would break the rule of energy conservation.

Voltage Balance in Closed Circuit Loops

charge and current

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Electric charge in circuits explains how charged particles behave in matter and how current is produced. Everyday static effects, like a wool sweater sticking to the body or a shock from a carpet, show charge in action. Charge is an inherent property of atomic particles and is measured in coulombs (C). Matter is made of atoms with electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons carry a negative charge (-e), and protons carry a positive charge (+e). These two charges have the same magnitude. An...

voltage

Voltage in Electric Circuits

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power and energy

Circuit Power, Absorption, and Supply

Circuit power, absorption, and supply explain how much energy an element uses or delivers in an electric circuit. These ideas matter in electrical engineering because power and energy calculations help describe circuit behavior. A 100-watt light bulb, for example, emits more light than a 60-watt bulb, so wattage is a useful measure in real devices. Power is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy. It is measured in watts, written as W. The relation between power and energy uses the...

electric circuit elements

Circuit Elements: Passive, Active, and Linear

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circuit terminology

Circuit Parts: Branches, Nodes, and Loops

Circuit parts like branches, nodes, loops, and meshes help describe how electrical networks work. An electrical network is a system of connected elements, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and voltage or current sources. Unlike a circuit, a network does not have to form a closed path. A circuit is also made of connected electrical elements, but it must include one or more closed paths. These loops let current flow continuously, which is what makes the circuit operate. Because of this,...

independent and dependent sources

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Circuit sources in electrical circuits can be independent or dependent. They provide the power a circuit needs to operate. Independent voltage sources supply a fixed voltage, and independent current sources supply a fixed current. Their output does not change because of other parts in the circuit. These sources use standard symbols in circuit diagrams. An independent voltage source is shown with + and - signs to mark the potential difference. An independent current source is shown with an...

ohm's law

Resistance and Conductance in Circuits

Resistance and conductance help explain how electric current moves through a circuit. Resistors are basic circuit parts made from metallic alloys or carbon compounds. They are used to model how a material resists current and to control and regulate electrical power in a circuit. Ohm's law describes the link between voltage and current across a resistor. The voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current through it. The constant that sets this relationship is resistance.

kirchhoff's current law

Kirchhoff's Current Law at Circuit Nodes

Kirchhoff's Current Law explains how current behaves at a circuit node. A node is the point where two or more circuit elements meet. The law says the current entering a node equals the current leaving it. That balance follows the rule of charge conservation, which means electric charge is not lost at the junction. When applying KCL, currents entering the node are treated as positive and currents leaving the node are treated as negative. The currents can be added algebraically at the node, and...

kirchhoff's voltage law

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law explains how voltage is balanced in a closed circuit loop. It is a basic rule in electrical engineering and comes from the idea of energy conservation. Energy can change form, but it cannot be created or destroyed. KVL states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path, or loop, is zero. In other words, the total voltage supplied in a loop equals the total voltage drop across the components in that loop. A loop can be traced clockwise or anticlockwise,...

voltage dividers

Series Resistors and Voltage Split

Series resistors split voltage across a circuit. In a series setup, resistors are linked one after another. The same current flows through each resistor in the chain. To analyze this behavior, Ohm's law is used to relate voltage, current, and resistance. Kirchhoff's voltage law says the voltages around a series loop add up to the source voltage. That means the current in the circuit equals the source voltage divided by the total resistance in series. The current value can then be used in Ohm's...

current dividers

Parallel Resistors and Current Division

Parallel resistors share the same two nodes, so each resistor has the same voltage across it. In this circuit setup, Kirchhoff's current law applies. The source current equals the sum of the currents through each branch. Ohm's law helps find the branch currents from the source voltage and the resistor values. The source current is equal to the source voltage times the sum of the reciprocals of the resistances. This makes it easier to calculate how current divides in the circuit. The current...

equivalent resistance

Delta-Wye Network Conversion

Delta-wye network conversion helps analyze resistor circuits that are not arranged in simple series or parallel paths. These three-terminal equivalent networks use the wye (Y), also called tee (T), and the delta (Δ), also called pi (π), as practical circuit models. These networks are useful in many circuit settings. They appear in three-phase electrical systems, electrical filters, and matching networks. They can also be used on their own or combined with more complex circuits. A delta...

design example: resistive touchscreen

Resistive Touchscreen Voltage Mapping

A resistive touchscreen uses voltage mapping to locate a finger touch on a mobile device. It is built from two metallic layers. The top layer is flexible, and the bottom layer is rigid. A narrow gap separates them, and the high resistance between the layers is an important part of the design. When a user touches the screen, the two layers meet at one point. That contact point is called the touchpoint. The touch lowers the resistance between the layers at that spot and changes the electrical...

key terms and concepts

Learn how Kirchhoff's Voltage Law balances voltage in a closed loop, how to assign signs, and why a series LED example needs a 9-volt battery.

Voltage Balance in Closed Circuit Loops | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Elektrik Mühendisliği, devre analizi teknikleriyle birlikte elektrik devrelerinin temel kavramlarını kapsayan, anlaşılması kolay animasyonlu videolar sunar. Operasyonel amplifikatörler ve devre dönüşümü kavramlarını kullanarak birinci dereceden ve ikinci dereceden devreleri içerir. Pratik tasarım örneklerinin ve gerçek dünya uygulamalarının bilim insanlarınca hazırlanan videolar aracılığıyla dahil edilmesi, karmaşık kavramları erişilebilir hale getirerek önemli bir eğitim değeri katmaktadır.

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Voltage Balance in Closed Circuit Loops

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