Name: inductors in electric circuits
Uploaded: 2024-04-11T12:48:39.000Z
Duration: 1 min 11 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.6

IPC.6.A

Inductors

Genellikle bobinler veya bobinler olarak adlandırılan indüktörler, çeşitli elektronik ve güç sistemlerinde çok önemli bir rol oynar.
Özünde, bir AC akımının içinden geçtiği herhangi bir iletken, doğal olarak endüktif özelliklere sahiptir ve bir indüktör olarak kategorize edilebilir.
Endüktif etkiyi arttırmak için, manyetik malzemeden yapılmış bir çekirdeğin etrafına iletken bir tel sarılarak pratik indüktörler oluşturulur.
Bir akım bir indüktörden geçtiğinde, üzerindeki voltaj, akımın zaman içindeki değişim hızı ile doğru orantılıdır. Bu orantılılık sabiti, indüktörün endüktansı olarak bilinir ve Henry cinsinden ölçülür.
Endüktans, içinden geçen akımdaki ani değişikliklere karşı koyar. Bu nedenle, bir indüktörden geçen akım anında değişemez.
İndüktörün fiziksel boyutları, çekirdek malzemesi ve yapısı, endüktansını belirler.
İndüktörler, birkaç mikrohenry'den onlarca henry'ye kadar çeşitli değer ve tiplerde gelir.
Demir, çelik, plastik ve hatta hava dahil olmak üzere çeşitli malzemelerden yapılmış çekirdeklerle sabit veya değişken olabilirler.

İndüktörler

Bir indüktör, enerjiyi manyetik alanı içinde depolamak için yapılmış pasif bir bileşendir. Manyetik bir çekirdeğin etrafına bir tel sarılarak üretilebilir. Bu indüktörden akımın geçmesine izin verildiğinde, indüktör üzerindeki voltajın akımın zamana bağlı değişim hızıyla doğru orantılı olduğu gözlenir. Matematiksel olarak,

<img alt="Equation1" src="/files/ftp_upload/15088/15088_PT_Equation_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 36px;" />

Bu ilişki pasif işaret kuralı kullanılarak ifade edilir; burada 'L', aynı zamanda indüktörün endüktansı olarak da bilinen orantı sabitini temsil eder.

Bir indüktörün endüktansı, büyüklüğü, kullanılan malzemeler ve yapım yöntemi gibi faktörlerden etkilenir. Endüktans ölçüm birimi Henry'dir (H). Endüktans, bir cihazın enerjiyi manyetik alan biçiminde depolama yeteneğinin bir ölçüsüdür. Ayrıca, bir indüktörün içinden akan akımdaki değişikliklere direnmesini sağlayan bir özelliktir.

Bu bileşenler indüktör olarak anılmalarının yanı sıra bobin veya bobin olarak da adlandırılabilir. Bir indüktörün devre sembolü Figure 1'de gösterilmektedir.

<img alt="Figure1" src="/files/ftp_upload/15088/15088_PT_Figure_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 150px;" />

Figure 2, endüktansı akıma bağlı olmayan, ayrıca doğrusal indüktör olarak da bilinen bir indüktör için voltaj ve akım arasındaki ilişkinin grafiksel bir temsilini gösterir.

<img alt="Figure2" src="/files/ftp_upload/15088/15088_PT_Figure_2.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 146px;" />

Öte yandan doğrusal olmayan bir indüktörün endüktansı akıma göre değiştiği için düz bir çizgiye sahip olmayacaktır.

İndüktörler, kapasitörlere benzer şekilde, çeşitli değer ve tiplerde ticari olarak temin edilebilir. Pratik uygulamalarda indüktörler tipik olarak iletişim sistemlerinde görüldüğü gibi birkaç mikrohenriden, güç sistemlerinde kullanıldığı gibi onlarca henriye kadar değişen endüktans değerlerine sahiptir. İndüktörler sabit veya değişken olabilir ve çekirdekleri demir, çelik, plastik ve hatta hava gibi çeşitli malzemelerden oluşabilir.

Genellikle bobinler veya bobinler olarak adlandırılan indüktörler, çeşitli elektronik ve güç sistemlerinde çok önemli bir rol oynar.
Özünde, içinden geçen herhangi bir iletken ...

Education

JoVE Core

Electrical Engineering

Elektrik Mühendisliği

Unit 1

Ünite 1

Energy Storage Elements

Enerji Depolama Elemanları

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

inductors in electric circuits

Inductors are passive components used in electric circuits to store energy in a magnetic field. They are often made by coiling a wire around a magnetic core. This structure gives the component its inductive behavior and its ability to respond to changing current.

When current flows through an inductor, the voltage across it is proportional to how quickly the current changes with time. This relationship is written using the passive sign convention, and the constant of proportionality is called inductance, or L. Inductance is measured in henrys, written as H.

Inductance depends on several factors. The size of the inductor matters, as do the materials used and the way it is built. This property also describes how well the device stores energy in a magnetic field and how strongly it resists changes in current.

Inductors are also called coils or chokes. Their circuit symbol is used in circuit diagrams to show the component clearly. A linear inductor has a straight-line voltage-current graph because its inductance does not depend on current. A nonlinear inductor does not follow a straight line because its inductance changes with current.

Inductors are sold in many values and types, much like capacitors. Their inductance can range from a few microhenrys in communication systems to tens of henrys in power systems. They may be fixed or variable, and their cores can be made from iron, steel, plastic, or even air.

Inductors in Electric Circuits

capacitors

Capacitor Charge and Discharge

Capacitors store electric energy and help control signals in devices like car radios. They work by holding charge on two parallel conducting plates with a dielectric, which is the insulating material between the plates. When a voltage source is connected, positive charge builds up on one plate and negative charge builds up on the other. This charge separation creates a potential difference, and it keeps increasing until it matches the source voltage. The electric field inside the capacitor...

energy stored in capacitors

Capacitor Voltage and Charge Behavior

Capacitor voltage and charge behavior depend on how a parallel plate capacitor connects to a battery. When the battery is attached, a potential difference forms across the plates. That voltage determines how much electrical energy the capacitor can store. The voltage across a capacitor can be found by integrating the equation that links voltage and current. That relationship lets students predict the voltage at any moment during charging or discharging. It also shows why a capacitor keeps a...

series and parallel capacitors

Capacitance in Series and Parallel

Capacitors in series and parallel affect a circuit in different ways. These arrangements change the total capacitance, which is the circuit's overall ability to store charge. Knowing the difference helps explain how a circuit responds to signals. When capacitors are connected in series to a battery, the plate tied to the battery's positive terminal becomes positively charged. The plate connected to the negative terminal becomes negatively charged. The other plates develop equal and opposite...

equivalent capacitance

Capacitors in Series and Parallel

Capacitors in series and parallel can be simplified by replacing the group with one equivalent capacitor. This equivalent capacitor stores the same charge as the original network when the same potential difference is applied. The idea helps make complex capacitor circuits easier to analyze. In a parallel connection, capacitors share the same voltage across each branch. The equivalent capacitance of N capacitors in parallel is the sum of their individual capacitances. This type of connection...

inductors

Inductors are passive components used in electric circuits to store energy in a magnetic field. They are often made by coiling a wire around a magnetic core. This structure gives the component its inductive behavior and its ability to respond to changing current. When current flows through an inductor, the voltage across it is proportional to how quickly the current changes with time. This relationship is written using the passive sign convention, and the constant of proportionality is called...

energy stored in inductors

How Inductor Current Stores Magnetic Energy

An inductor stores energy in its magnetic field. That field is created by the current flowing through the coil. When the current stays steady, there is no measurable voltage across the inductor, so it behaves like a short circuit for direct current. The energy stored in an inductor is the total power delivered over time. It can be written as a function of inductance, L, and current, i, where the stored energy increases with the current in the coil. This relationship helps explain how much...

series and parallel inductors

Equivalent Inductance in Circuit Networks

Equivalent inductance in circuit networks helps simplify circuits with multiple inductors. When inductors are combined, the circuit can often be replaced by one inductor with the same effect on the current and voltage. For inductors in series, the same current flows through each component. Applying Kirchhoff's voltage law shows that the total voltage is the sum of the inductor voltages. As a result, the equivalent inductance of a series group is the sum of the individual inductances. This is...

design example: automobile ignition system

design-example-automobile-ignition-system

Car Spark Coil Voltage Design Example

An automobile ignition system uses a spark plug and a spark coil to create the high voltage needed to ignite the fuel-air mixture in each cylinder. The spark plug has two electrodes with an air gap between them. When enough voltage appears across that gap, a spark forms and starts combustion. A 12-volt car battery does not create that spark by itself. The system uses an inductor, which is a component that resists rapid changes in current, to build a much larger voltage. In this ignition setup,...

key terms and concepts

Learn how inductors store energy in magnetic fields, resist current changes, and differ as linear or nonlinear components in circuits.

Inductors in Electric Circuits | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Elektrik Mühendisliği, devre analizi teknikleriyle birlikte elektrik devrelerinin temel kavramlarını kapsayan, anlaşılması kolay animasyonlu videolar sunar. Operasyonel amplifikatörler ve devre dönüşümü kavramlarını kullanarak birinci dereceden ve ikinci dereceden devreleri içerir. Pratik tasarım örneklerinin ve gerçek dünya uygulamalarının bilim insanlarınca hazırlanan videolar aracılığıyla dahil edilmesi, karmaşık kavramları erişilebilir hale getirerek önemli bir eğitim değeri katmaktadır.

electrical engineering

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Equivalent Capacitance

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Inductors, often referred to as coils or chokes, play a crucial role in various electronics and power systems.
In essence, any conductor through which an ...

Energy Stored in Inductors

An inductor is designed to store energy in its magnetic field, which is generated by the current flowing through its coils.
When the current is constant, ...

Series and Parallel Inductors

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IPC.6.E

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IPC.6.G

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Inductors in Electric Circuits

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