Name: wind turbine types and generator control
Uploaded: 2024-11-21T14:54:38.000Z
Duration: 1 min 24 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Earth Systems Science

112.49.c.12.

112.49.c.12.E.

Wind Turbine Machine Models

Dört tip rüzgar türbini vardır. Tip 1 ve 2, stator sargılarının manyetik alan ve rotor arasındaki bağıl hareket yoluyla AC rotor akımlarını indüklediği endüksiyon makinesi modelleridir.
Birim başına senkron ve rotor hızları arasındaki fark, kayma olarak ölçülür.
Bu model, stator direncinin ve geçici reaktansın arkasındaki eşdeğer voltajı içerir.
Geçici kararlılık başlangıç koşulları, iki diferansiyel denklemin sıfıra ayarlanması ve giriş olarak güç akışı, gerçek güç enjeksiyonu ve terminal voltajı kullanılarak belirlenir.
Üretilen negatif reaktif güç, endüksiyon makinelerinin güç tüketimini gösterir.
Tip 1 türbinler, sabit dirençli bir sincap kafesli rotora sahipken, Tip 2, rotor direncini ayarlamak için bir kontrol sistemine sahip sargılı rotorlu endüksiyon makineleri kullanır.
Çift Beslemeli Asenkron Jeneratörler olarak da bilinen Tip 3 rüzgar türbinleri, sargılı rotorlu endüksiyon makineleri kullanır.
Rotor sargıları, bir AC-DC-AC dönüştürücü aracılığıyla AC ağına bağlanarak gerçek ve reaktif gücün ayrı ayrı kontrol edilmesini sağlar.
Tip 4 türbinler, makinenin çıkışının bir AC-DC-AC dönüştürücü aracılığıyla AC ağına bağlandığı tamamen asenkron bir tasarım kullanır.

geçici kararlılık ve sistem kontrolleri

<div>
 Büyüyen rüzgar enerjisi alanında, rüzgar türbini modellerinin geçici kararlılık analizine dahil edilmesi çok önemlidir. İndüksiyon ve senkron makineler, basitlikleri ve güvenilirlikleri nedeniyle yaygın olan indüksiyon makineleri ile kullanılan birincil modellerdir.
 İndüksiyon makineleri, stator ve rotor tarafından üretilen dönen manyetik alan aracılığıyla etkileşime girer. Ana parametre, senkron hıza göre senkron hız ile rotor hızı arasındaki fark olan kaymadır. Kayma, senkron hızda sıfırdır, motor çalışırken pozitiftir ve üretirken negatiftir. Mekanik dinamikler, eylemsizlik sabitini (H) ve tork farkını (T_m−T_e) içerir.

 Tek kafesli bir endüksiyon makinesi için basitleştirilmiş bir elektrik modeli, stator direnci ve geçici reaktansın ardındaki eşdeğer voltajı temsil eder. Ana parametreler, rotor için açık devre zaman sabitini ve kaçak reaktans ve mıknatıslanma reaktansından türetilen senkron reaktansı içerir.
 Elektriksel tork ve terminal gerçek güç enjeksiyonu, makinenin iç gerilimleri ve akımları tarafından belirlenir. İndüksiyon makineleri genellikle negatif bir değerle gösterilen reaktif güç tüketir.
 Rüzgar Türbini Modelleri dört farklı tiptedir:
 Tip 1 ve Tip 2: Bu modeller indüksiyon jeneratörleri kullanır. Tip 1 sabit rotor direncine sahipken, Tip 2 daha iyi kontrol için makinenin zaman sabitini ve güç çıkışını etkileyen değişken rotor direnci kullanır.

 
 Tip 3 ve Tip 4: Bu gelişmiş modeller (Çift Beslemeli Asenkron Jeneratörler ve Tam Dönüştürücü Sistemleri) hem gerçek hem de reaktif gücün kontrolüne izin verir. Tip 3, geniş bir hız aralığı sağlayarak rotor akımı kontrolü için dönüştürücüler kullanır. Tip 4, jeneratörü şebekeden ayırarak esnek kontrol sunar ve türbin dinamikleriyle mekanik bağlantıyı ortadan kaldırır.
 Rüzgar türbini makine modellerini anlamak, doğru kararlılık analizi için elektriksel ve mekanik bileşenlerin etkileşimini analiz etmeyi içerir.
</div>

Geçici Kararlılık ve Sistem Kontrolleri

Dört tip rüzgar türbini vardır. Tip 1 ve 2, stator sargılarının bağıl hareket yoluyla AC rotor akımlarını indüklediği endüksiyon makinesi modelleridir ...

Education

JoVE Core

Electrical Engineering

Elektrik Mühendisliği

Unit 1

Ünite 1

Transient Stability and System Controls

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

wind turbine types and generator control

Wind turbine machine models are used to study how wind turbines behave in transient stability analysis. In this setting, induction machines and synchronous machines are the main model types. Induction machines are common because they are simple and reliable.

Induction machines work through the rotating magnetic field made by the stator and rotor. A key term is slip, which is the difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed relative to synchronous speed. Slip is zero at synchronous speed, positive during motoring, and negative during generating.

The mechanical side of the model uses the inertia constant, H, and the torque difference between mechanical torque, Tm, and electrical torque, Te. A simplified single-cage induction machine model shows an equivalent voltage behind stator resistance and transient reactance. Other important parameters include the rotor open-circuit time constant and the synchronous reactance, which comes from leakage reactance and magnetizing reactance.

Electrical torque and terminal real power injection depend on the machine’s internal voltages and currents. Induction machines usually consume reactive power, so this value is negative. Wind turbine models are grouped into four types, and each type handles control in a different way.

Type 1 and Type 2 models use induction generators. Type 1 has fixed rotor resistance. Type 2 uses variable rotor resistance, which improves control and changes the machine time constant and power output. Type 3 and Type 4 are more advanced. Type 3 is a doubly-fed asynchronous generator that uses converters to control rotor current and supports a wide speed range. Type 4 is a full converter system that decouples the generator from the grid, gives flexible real and reactive power control, and removes the mechanical link to turbine dynamics.

Wind Turbine Types and Generator Control

the swing equation

Generator Rotor Motion and the Swing Equation

Generator rotor motion is described by the Swing Equation in power system dynamics. It is used to study generating units such as three-phase synchronous generators. The equation comes from Newton’s second law applied to the generator rotor. It links inertia, angular acceleration, and the balance between mechanical and electrical torques. In steady-state operation, the mechanical torque supplied to the generator is equal to the electrical torque produced by the generator. When these torques...

simplified synchronous machine model

Transient Stability in Synchronous Generators

The synchronous machine model helps students analyze transient stability in power systems. It represents a synchronous generator under balanced three-phase positive-sequence conditions. The model assumes constant excitation and ignores losses and saturation. These simplifications make it easier to study how a generator behaves during a disturbance. In this setup, the generator is connected to a network of transmission lines, transformers, loads, and other machines. That larger system is often...

multimachine stability

Power-System Stability in Multi-Machine Networks

Power-system stability in multi-machine networks focuses on how several synchronous machines behave as they stay connected to an N-bus power system. The analysis solves the swing equations for the machines and tracks how the network responds when conditions change. It is used to study transient stability, which is the system’s ability to stay in step after a disturbance. The network is written with nodal equations that link bus voltages, machine voltages, and machine currents. In this model, V...

wind turbine machine models

Wind turbine machine models are used to study how wind turbines behave in transient stability analysis. In this setting, induction machines and synchronous machines are the main model types. Induction machines are common because they are simple and reliable. Induction machines work through the rotating magnetic field made by the stator and rotor. A key term is slip, which is the difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed relative to synchronous speed. Slip is zero at synchronous...

generator voltage control

Voltage Regulation in Generators and Wind Turbines

Generator voltage regulation helps keep synchronous generators and wind turbines working stably. Older systems use a DC generator driven by the rotor to supply DC power to the rotor field winding. That power is passed through slip rings and brushes. Newer systems use static exciters or brushless exciters. A static exciter rectifies AC power from the generator terminals and sends DC power directly to the rotor. A brushless exciter uses an inverted synchronous generator, takes AC power from...

turbine-governor control

How Turbine Governors Stabilize Power Output

Turbine-governor control helps keep generator frequency and rotor speed stable when electrical load changes. It does this by matching turbine mechanical power with the power demand on the system. In a power grid, that balance is important for steady operation. Turbine-generator units also store kinetic energy because their parts are rotating. When load increases, that stored energy is released to help meet the demand. At first, electrical torque rises while mechanical torque stays nearly...

load-frequency control

Load-frequency control in power grids

Load-frequency control keeps a power grid stable when electrical demand changes. It helps keep system frequency and power flow within acceptable limits. Turbine-governor control reduces rotor speed changes after a load shift, but a steady-state frequency error can still remain when the turbine-governor reference setting does not change. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through tie-lines, which are the transmission lines that...

key terms and concepts

Learn how wind turbine models use induction and synchronous machines, slip, torque, and converter control to explain Types 1–4 and grid behavior.

Wind Turbine Types and Generator Control | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Elektrik Mühendisliği, devre analizi teknikleriyle birlikte elektrik devrelerinin temel kavramlarını kapsayan, anlaşılması kolay animasyonlu videolar sunar. Operasyonel amplifikatörler ve devre dönüşümü kavramlarını kullanarak birinci dereceden ve ikinci dereceden devreleri içerir. Pratik tasarım örneklerinin ve gerçek dünya uygulamalarının bilim insanlarınca hazırlanan videolar aracılığıyla dahil edilmesi, karmaşık kavramları erişilebilir hale getirerek önemli bir eğitim değeri katmaktadır.

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Wind Turbine Types and Generator Control

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